城市更新背景下的大学周边创意产业集群发展研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着知识经济时代的来临,具有高附加值、知识密集、资源节约与环境友好等特性的创意产业,被不少国家作为支柱产业发展。同时,由于创意产业关系着民族的文化与精神依托,很多国家还从生存与安全战略的层面思考它的发展。
     创意产业发展的一个显著特征是在城市中心区集聚,特别是在富集着人才与知识的大学周边容易生成创意产业集群,从而形成“大学——创意产业集群——城区”互动发展的机制与格局。大学为创意产业集群的生成与发展提供人才与知识等关键要素;创意产业集群创造城市的活力、推动城市的更新;城区为大学与集群提供着具有便利性、包容性的基础条件。本文重点探讨了城市更新背景下大学周边区域创意产业集群发展的问题,以期探索出“大学——创意产业集群——城区”互动发展的规律,指导大学周边创意产业集群在城市更新的背景下获得良好发展,为我们国家的城市在推动创意产业发展提供借鉴。
     本文在文献综述的基础上,以同济大学周边设计创意产业集群为案例,探讨了其形成发展及其与周边区域城市更新的互动过程,从中提升出相关理论,并针对存在的问题从大学与政府两个角度为其进一步发展提出建议。本文中比较突出的贡献有以下三点:
     1、系统地揭示了一个我国大学周边原生创意产业集群形成中各因素的作用及其中“大学——政府——产业”的互动机制。特别是对关于区域创新模式的“三螺旋理论”进行了拓展与突破。
     2、通过创意产业集群与城市更新的互动过程以及集群中企业对大学空间依赖性的研究,揭示一个大学周边创意产业集群的空间结构规律,指出了其对大学周边城市更新的指导意义。
     3、从培植与发展大学周边创意产业集群的角度提出了一个城市创意产业集群“生成与养成”理论及其应用框架。
     通过本文的研究,我们得出了在城市更新背景下大学周边区域创意产业集群发展中大学、政府、城市更新三个方面都应实现转变的结论。这三个转变包括:
     大学应该从以知识生产与人才培养的目标,转向知识生产、人才培养与社会服务兼顾的目标。通过学科发展规划、科研目标、人才培养目标与模式以及与政府、社区、产业互动模式的转变,实现这一战略转变。
     政府应该从追求短期的GDP,转向培植区域的创造力。通过尊重产业集群发展的主体性,同时与产业、大学、社区密切合作,形成发展共识,积极为产业集群的发展提供关键要素,从外部担当“助推器”与“清道夫”角度来培植与帮助创意产业集群的发展。
     城市更新应该从通过大规模、激进、服务于大企业的追求政绩模式,转向以保护与促进区域创造活力为目标的模式。通过保留区域中具有孵化功能的低成本空间、城市更新中坚持“梯度规划、逐步实现”、促进“大学校区——产业集聚区——城区”在空间上的开放与融合、为集群建设更多的便利设施及展示空间、在城市更新中充分照顾各利益相关方的需求等措施,实现这一转变。
With the arrival of knowledge economy era, creative industries with high value-added, knowledge-intensive, resource-saving and environment-friendly characteristics, have been chosen by many countries as pillar industries for economic development. Meanwhile, as their relations with the nation's culture and spirit, many countries pay attention to the development of creative industries on the existence and security strategy level.
     A notable feature of the development of creative industries is the fact that it always gather in urban centers, particularly in the neighboring areas of universities which are rich of talent and knowledge, the mechanism and pattern of interactive development between " University-creative industries clusters-City " is therefore established. Universities provide key elements such as talent and knowledge; the development of clusters contributes to the city's vitality and the urban renewal; City is providing convenient and inclusive basic condition for universities and clusters. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of clusters of creative industries surrounding universities in the backdrop of urban renewal. Our purposes are to find out the law of interactive development between " University-creative industries clusters-City ", to guide the development of clusters of creative industries sourrounding universities in the backdrop of urban renewal, to provide reference for our country to promote the development of creative industries in the city.
     Based on some literature review, this paper adopts clusters of creative designing industries surrounding Tongji University as cases, and has discussed about the interactive processes between their development and urban renewal. We still have given proposals for its further development from two angles: university and government. Following are the three most important contributions:
     1. Systematically reveals the role of various factors in the formation of clusters of original creative industries sourrounding universities, and the interaction mechanism between "Universities-- government-industry". Particularly, we succeeded in the development and breakthrough of a regional innovation model named as "triple helix theory".
     2. through the interactive process between the clusters and urban renewal, and also through enterprises' space-dependence on universities, we have found out the law of spatial structures for clusters of creative industries surrounding universities and its significance to urban renewal.
     3. we have proposed a "generation and develop" theory for clusters of creative industries and its application framework.
     Ultimately, we reached a conclusion that all of the three: universities, government, urban renewal should change. Exactly speaking:
     For the universities, their focus should be changed from knowledge producing and talent training to the combination of knowledge producing,, talent training and social serving. This goal can be reached through changes of the development of subject planning, research, training and the interaction between government, community, and industry.
     For the government, it's goal should be changed from pursuiting of short-term GDP to the cultivation of regional creativity. It should respect the subjectivity of the development of industrial clusters, develop consensus with industries and universities through close cooperation, and provide key positive factors for the development of industrial clusters. In one word, it should serve as "Booster" and "Scavenger".
     For urban renewal, cities should transfer from the massive, radical mode and overpursuiting of large enterprises to the protection and promotion of regional vitality. Measures can include: keep the low-cost space wich is capable of incubate, insist on the principle of "gradient planning and gradually realizing", promote the spacial opening and integration of "University Campus—Clusters—Cities", build more facilities and display space for clusters, fully taking into account the needs of all interested parties , and so on.
引文
“创建节约型校园”主题展览开幕(图)[来源]新闻中心[发表时间]2006-12-5
    [1]蔡铂.产业集群的创新机理研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学博士论文,2003.
    [2]蔡华俭,符起俊,桑标等.创造性的公众观的调查研究(I)关于高创造性者的特征.心理科学,2001,Vol.24(1):46—49.
    [3]陈剑锋,产业集群的理论与实践研究,武汉理工大学博士论文,2003年4月.
    [4]陈倩倩,王缉慈.论创意产业及其集群的发展环境—以音乐产业为例.地域研究与开发,2005,Vol.24(5):5—8,37.
    [5]陈则明.城市更新理论的演变和我国城市更新的需求.城市问题,2000,(1):11—13.
    [6]陈昭仪.杰出理化科学家之人格特质及创造历程之研究.师大学报,2000,Vol.45(1):27—45.
    [7]程大林,张京祥.城市更新:超越物质规划的行动与思考.城市规划,2004,Vol.28(2):70—73.
    [8]戴学来.英国城市经济衰退与城市更新运动.人文地理,1997,(3):50—53.
    [9]戴永红,印度软件企业外包发展模式及其对我国的启示,南亚研究,2004,(2):32—35.
    [10]段非,“同济风格”——我所认识的同济建筑发展之路,时代建筑,2004,(6):81—82.
    [11]E.S.萨瓦斯.民营化与公私部门的伙伴关系.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
    [12]范霞.上海创意产业及其集聚发展研究:[硕士学位论文].上海:华东师范大学,2006.
    [13]范宇,姚士谋.知识经济与中国城市更新.地域研究与开发,2003,Vol.22(1):40—43.
    [14]方兴东.中关村你为何开始沉沦.HIGH—TECH,2004,(2):16—18.
    [15]方可.西方城市更新的发展历程及其启示.城市规划,1998,(1):59—61,51.
    [16]佛罗里达.《创意新贵:启动新新经济的菁英势力》,邹应瑗译.台北:宝鼎出版社有限公司,2003.
    [17]付小军.美国城市更新运动及其启示:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京师范大学硕士论文,2003
    [18]哈维.D.后现代的状况对文化变迁之缘起的探究.北京:商务印书馆,2003.
    [19]黄鹤.文化政策主导下的城市更新——西方城市运用文化资源促进城市发展的相关经验和启示.国外城市规划,2006,Vol.21(1):34—39.
    [20]黄玮.空间转型和经济转型——二战后芝加哥中心区再开发.国外城市规划,2006,Vol.21(4):53—60.
    [21]亨利·埃茨科威茨(美),三螺旋——大学产业政府三元一体的创新战略.东方出版社,2005年6月.
    [22]胡晓鹏.技术创新与文化创意:发展中国家经济崛起的思考.科学学研究,2006,Vol.24(1):125—129.
    [23]惠宁.产业集群的区域经济效应研究[博士学位论文].西安:西北大学,2006.
    [24]加利福尼亚州政府,摩立特集团.为未来而行动:洛杉矶地区生命科学产业战略行动方案.2006,http://www.monitorgroup.cn/.
    [25]简·雅各布斯.美国大城市的生与死.南京:译林出版社,2005.
    [26]姜杰,刘忠华.论我国城市更新的机制因素和文化因素.济南大学学报,2005,Vol.15(3):16—21.
    [27]金家禾,徐欣玉.《影响创意服务业空间群聚因素之研究》,2004,http://www.bp.ntu.edu.tw/paper/No13/13—2.doc.
    [28]金可武.繁荣之下的盛宴——当设计成为一门生意.时代建筑,2004,(6):73—75.
    [29]金元浦.创意产业的全球勃兴.社会观察,2005,(2):22—24.
    [30]理查德·弗罗里达.创意经济.方海萍,魏清江译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006.
    [31]理查德·凯夫斯.创意产业经济学——艺术的商业之道.北京:新华出版社,2004.
    [32]李建波,张京祥.中西方城市更新演化比较研究.城市问题,2003,(5):68—71,49.
    [33]李晶.社会调查方法.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
    [34]李其荣.对立统一:城市发展历史逻辑新论[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.
    [35]李艳玲.对美国城市更新运动的总体分析与评价.上海大学学报(社会科学版),2001,Vol.8(6):77—84.
    [36]李艳玲.美国城市更新与内城改造.上海:上海大学出版社,2004.
    [37]刘丽,张焕波.北京文化创意产业集群发展问题研究.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(3):47—52.
    [38]刘强.公共研发机构与我国中小企业技术创新.科学学研究,2003,Vol.21(增刊):271—274.
    [39]刘强.科技工业园区:创新地域综合体.自然辩证法通讯,1996,Vol.18(2):40-44
    [40]刘毅、何炼成.软件产业国际价值链与软件外包.西北工业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,Vol.26(2):45—48,59.
    [41]刘维公(中国台湾).文化创意产业推动绩效指标研究计划期末报告,http://www.cci.org.tw/portal/dolload/paper-01.zip
    [42]迈克尔·波特,摩立特集团,哈佛商学院,竞争力理事会.创新性产业集群:美国竞争力的区域性基础,2006,http://www.morti torgroup.cn/
    [43]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,2002.
    [44]摩立特集团.北卡三角地:创新性产业集群行动,2006,http://www.monitorgroup.cn/
    [45]欧文.E.休斯.公共管理导论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
    [46]潘海啸,卢源.大学周边产业形成动因及结构的实证研究——以同济大学周边产业群落为例.城市规划学刊,2005,(5):44—50.
    [47]钱锋.同济现代建筑思想的渊源于早期发展.时代建筑,2004,(6):18—23.
    [48]任雪飞.创造阶级的崛起与城市发展的便利性.城市规划学刊,2005,(1):99—102.
    [49]荣跃明.超越文化产业:创意产业的本质与特征.毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2004,(5):18—28.
    [50]阮仪三.论文化创意产业的城市基础.同济大学学报(社会科学版),2005,Vol.16(1):39—41.
    [51]唐伽拉,吕斌.大学与社区互动机制及其对城市规划的启示.城市问题,2006,(3):39—43.
    [52]童昕,王缉慈.北京与上海创新性产业比较研究.城市规划,2005,Vol.29(4):35—37.
    [53]王伟年,张平宇.创意产业与城市再生.城市规划学刊,2006,(2):22—27.
    [54]王雁.创业型大学:美国研究型大学模式变革的研究[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
    [55]王铮,毛可晶,刘筱.高技术产业聚集区形成的区位因子分析.地理学报,2005,Vol.60(4):567—576.
    [56]王焕、徐慧妮,同济同捷:中国汽车设计业的先行者,《汽车与配件》2005,(32):32—36.
    [57]魏成.我国转型时期城市更新问题研究[硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学,2004.
    [58]吴晨.文化竞争:欧洲城市复兴的核心.瞭望,2005年2月21日:26—28.
    [59]〔中国台湾〕吴健鑫,许牧彦,以创意驱动区域创新—以德国鲁尔区的再生为例,中国台湾政治大学科技管理研究所2002年欧洲之旅的研究报告之一,http://www.rdec.gov.tw/res01/agenda911214/papaer/paper04.pdf
    [60]吴良镛.北京旧城与菊儿胡同.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
    [61]吴明雄(1994).工业职业教育的创造思考教学.技术及职业教育双月刊,(24),14—17.
    [62]吴艳,陈秋玲.基于共生理论的上海创意产业集群价值取向探究,经济论坛,2006,(10):6—10,49
    [63]吴志强.同济建筑规划设计精神的起源与发展.时代建筑,2004,(6):30-33.
    [64]武江.兼收并蓄,博采众长,锐意创新,开拓进取——简论同济建筑之路.时代建筑,2004,(6):16-17.
    [65]香港特别行政区政府民政事务局,《创意指数研究》,2005.
    [66]香港大学文化政策研究中心.《香港创意产业基线研究报告》2003年9月,http://www.info.gov.hk/cpu/chinese/papers/base]ine%20study(chi).pdf
    [67]香港艺术发展局研究部.创意工业导论:英国的例子与香港的推行策略,http://www.hkadc.org.hk/chi/info_center/1—2—3/documents/creative_industries.pdf
    [68]项昺.同济现象——大学周边地区产业集聚现象研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2005.
    [69]谢智慧.创意商业化的影响因素及其作用机理研究——以动漫产业为例[硕士学位论文].杭州浙江大学,2006.
    [70]徐驰.“同济风格”研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2005.
    [71]徐亢美.“知识经济”改写赤峰路.文汇报,2003年2月14日.
    [72]阳建强.中国城市更新的现况,特征及趋向.城市规划,2000,Vol.24(4):53—55.
    [73]易华,诸大建.创意经济理论研究述评.经济学动态,2006,(9):91-95.
    [74]于涛方,彭震,方澜.从城市地理学角度论国外城市更新历程.人文地理,2001,Vol.16(3):41-43,20.
    [75]虞大鹏,陈秉钊.知识型产业集聚中的社会资本作用研究——以同济大学周边地区为例.城市规划学刊,2005,(3):64—70.
    [76]约翰·M·利维.现代城市规划.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
    [77]约翰·M·埃格.创意社群:建立艺术文化,商业及社群的联系.香港:香港发展局出版,2004.
    [78]袁夏良.赤峰路飞出“金孔雀”.文汇报,2003年2月9日.
    [79]赵效为.大学城与城市互动发展的经济学分析[博士学位论文].上海,复旦大学,2005
    [80]张燕妮,魏毓洁.对我国现代城市更新的思考.高等建筑教育,2006,Vol.15(1):20—22.
    [81]张振助.高等教育与区域互动发展研究[博士学位论文].上海:华东师范大学,2001.
    [82]支文军,宋丹峰.A楼·B楼·C楼—同济校园新建筑评述.时代建筑,2004,(6):44—51.
    [83]诸大建,孙洁,郝毛.知识型产业的一种形成模式——对赤峰路“同济现代建筑设计街”的初步研究.上海改革,2003,(8):3—5.
    [84]诸大建,黄晓芬.创意城市与大学在城市中的作用.城市规划学刊,2006,Vol.1:27—30.
    [85]朱庭逸.创意空间:开创城市新地理学.台湾:台湾典藏艺术家庭出版社,2004.
    [1]Afuah,A.Innovation management:Strategies,implementation,and profits.New York:Oxford University Press,1998.
    [2]Amabile T M.The social Psychology of Creative.New York:Cambridge University,1988.
    [3]Boden,Margaret A.The Creative Mind Myths and Mechanisms.London:Routledge,2004.
    [4]C.Landry.The Creative City:A Toolkit for Urban Innovators,London:Comedia,2000.
    [5]Caves,Richard.Creative industries:Contracts between Art and Science.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2000.
    [6]CITF,Creative Industries Task Force.http://www.culture.gov.uk/creative/mapping.html,2001.
    [7]Department of Communications,Information Technology and the Arts,and The National Office for the Information Economy.Creative Industries Cluster Study.http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/cics/,2002—2003.
    [8]Cunningham S.From Cultural to creative industries:theories,industry and policy implications.Media International Australia,Incorporating Culture & Policy,2002,(102):54-65.
    [9]Cultural Initiatives Silicon Valley.Measuring Progress Toward A Vibrant Silicon Valley.http://www.ci-sv.org/pdf/Index-2005.pdf,2005.
    [10]Department for Culture,Media and Sport(DCMS).“Creative Industries Economic Estimates”,Statistical Bulletin,(2004)August:1-10
    —(2004b).DCMS Evidence Toolkit-DET:Technical Report.London:DCMS.
    —(2002).Creative Industries Fact File.
    —(2001).Creative Industries Mapping Document
    [11]Department for Trade and Industry.Our Competitive Future:Building the Knowledge-Driven Economy.http://www.dti.gov.uk/comp/competitive/an_reprt.htrn,1996.
    [12]Drake G.This place gives me space:place and creativity in the creative industries.Geoforum,2003,(34):511-524.
    [13]Eger,John M.“Art and Technology.”Keynote Address presented to The Fifth Triennial International Conference on The Arts in Higher Education,International council of Fine Arts Deans in Madrid,Spain,1993.
    [14]Enright,M.Regional Clusters and Economic Development:a research agenda.In U.Staber,N.V.Schaefer,and B.Sharma,eds.,Business Networks:Prospects for Regional Development,Berlin:Walterde Grruyter,1996.
    [15]Freeman C.Technology Policy and Economic Performance:Lessons form Japan.London:Pinter Publishers,1987.
    [16]Florida,R.The Rise of the Creative Class.United States:Basic Books,2002.
    [17]G.Bugliarello,Urban knowledge parks and economic and social development strategies,Journal of Urban Planning and Development,1996,Vol.122(2):33-45.
    [18]Hannigan,J.Boom Towns and Cool Cities:The Perils and Prospects of Developing a Distinctive Urban Brand in a Global Economy.http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/resurgentCity/Papers/johnhannigan.pdf,2004.
    [19]Hansen,H.K.,Vang,J.,Asheim,B.T.The Creative Class and Regional Growth:Towards a Knowledge Based Approach.http://www.regional-studies-assoc.ae.uk/events/aalborg05/hansen.pdf,2005.
    [20]Hall P.Cities in Civilization:Culture,Innovation,and Urban Order.New York:Pantheon,
    ??1998.
    [21]Howkins.The Creative Economy:How people make money from ideas,New York:The Penguin Press,2001
    [22]Jens S.Dangschat,Oliver Frey.Creating Spaces for the creative Clusters and Networks.http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/687.pdf,2005.
    [23]J.Jacobs.The Death and Life of Great American Cities,New York:Vintage Books,1961.
    [24]Kurtzberg,T.R.& Amabile,T.M.(2001).From Guilford to creative synergy:Opening the black box of team-level creativity.Creativity Research Journal,2000-2001,Vol.13(3/4):285-294.
    [25]Landry,Charles.The Creative City:A Toolkit for Urban Innovation.London:Comedia,2000.
    [26]Martin,R.,& P.Sunley.Paul Krugman’s Geographical Economic and its implications for regional development theory:A critical assessment’.Economic Geography,1996,Vol.72:259-92.
    [27]Martin,R.and Sunley,P.Deconstructing Clusters:chaotic concept or policy panacea.Journal of Economic Geography,2003,Vol.3(1):5-35.
    [28]Marshall,A.Principles of Economics.London:Macmillan,1890.
    [29]Mills,C.Wright.The Power Elite,New York:Oxford University Press,1958.
    [30]Mommaas,H.Cultural clusters andthe post-industrial city:towards the remapping of urban cultural policy,Urban Studies,2004,Vol.41(3):507—32.
    [31]M.Sasaki,Kanazawa.A Creative and Sustainable City,“Policy Science”(Ritsumeikan
    University),2003,Vol.10(2):17-30.
    [32]Nicholas,S.“Sustainable Seattle”The Seattle Post-Intelligencer.com,http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/opinion/81525_focus11.shtml,2002.
    [33]Neil Bradford.Creative Cities Structured Policy Dialogue,Canadian Policy Research Networks,http://www.cpm.com/documents/31345 en.pdf,2004.
    [34]Nelson,Richard R.and Winter,Sidney G.An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.Cambridge:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1982.
    [35]Niu W H,Steinberg R J.Cultural influences on artistic creativity and its evaluation.International Union of Psychological Science,2001,Vol.36(4):225-241.
    [36]Niu W H,Sternberg R J.Societal and school influences on student creativity:the case of China.Psychology in Schools,2003,Vol.40(1):103-114.
    [37]O’Connor,Justin.“A Special Kind of City Knowledge”:Innovative Clusters,Tacit Knowledge and the“creative City”.Media International Australia incorporating Culture and Policy,2004,Vol.2004(112):131-149.
    [38]O’Connor,J.The Definition of‘Cultural Industries’,Manchester:Manchester Institute for Popular Culture,http://mmu.ac.uk/h-ss/mipc/iciss/home2.htm,1999.
    [39]Poaer,P.1998 Clusters and the New Economics of Competitiveness.Harvard Business Review,1998,Vol.76(6):77-90.
    [40]Pratt,A.C.Creative Clusters:Towards the governance of the creative industries production system.Media International Australia incorporating Culture and Policy,2004,Vol.2004(112):50-66.
    [41]Queensland Government,Development of Creativity is Big Business,http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29266&URL_DO=Do_PRINTPAGE& URL_SECTION=201.html, 2005.
    [42] Roberts Peter & Sykes Hugh. Urban regeneration: A handbook. London: Sage Publications,2000.
    [43] Rantisi, Norma M. The Competitive Foundations of Localized Learning and Innovation: The Case of Women's Garment Production in New York City. Economic Geography, 2002, Vol.78(4):441-462.
    [44] Rosenfeld S. Bring Business Clusters into the Mainstream of Economic Development. European Planning Studies, 1997, Vol.27 (5): 3-23.
    [45] Scott, Allen J. The Cultural Economy of Cities: Essays on the Geography of Image-Producing Industries. London: Sage Publication, 2000.
    [46] Sommers Paul and Daniel Carlson. Ten Steps to a High Tech Future: The New Economy in Metropolitan Seattle. Washington DC: The Brooking Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, 2000.
    [47] Sternberg R J. Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1985, Vol.49 (3): 607-627.
    [48] Swann, G and Prevezer, M. A Comparison of the Dynamics of Industrial Clustering in Computing and Biotechnology. Research Policy, 1996, Vol.25 (7): 1139-1157.
    [49] The London Development Agency. The City of Toronto Economic Development and Culture divisions and the Ontario Ministries of Economic Development & Trade and Culture,Strategies for Creative Spaces: Phase 1 Report, September 2005,http://www.citiesinstitute.org/creativespaces/, 2005.
    [50] UNESCO, What Are Creative Clusters.http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29032&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html, 2006.
    [51]Walcott, Susan. 2002. "Analyzing an Innovative Environment: San Diego as a Bioscience Beachhead." Economic Development Quarterly 16, 2 (May): 99-114.
    [52] Weiping, Wu. Dynamic Cities and Creative Clusters. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, www.polity.org.za/pdf/DynamicCities.pdf, 2005.
    [53] Weiping, Wu. Cultural Strategies in Shanghai: Regenerating Cosmopolitanism in an Era of Globalization. Progress in Planning, 2004, Vol.61 (3): 159-180.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700