译者的适应与选择：外宣翻译过程研究
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摘要
中国改革开放步伐日益加快,中国经济日益发展,中国的国际影响日益扩大,随之要翻译成外文的各种资源也与日俱增,这就为外宣翻译提供了难得的机遇,同时,也给中国的外宣翻译工作者赋予了日益光荣艰巨的历史使命。在国家的对外宣传中,翻译者的任务就是出色地将中文译成外文,通过图书、期刊、报纸、广播、电视、互联网等媒体以及各种国际会议发表和传播中国的观点。(黄友义,2004:27)外宣翻译是一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境建设的具体体现。本文在“翻译适应选择论”的框架下,详细阐述了译者该“适应”的外宣翻译的生态环境、如何来“适应”、“适应”的结果、“不适应”的结果、以及适应了外宣翻译生态环境的译者应该在哪些方面做出“选择”、如何“选择”等问题。本文的研究力图在三个方面取得较大的突破:第一、在文化全球化的今天,外宣翻译的实质是“译有所为”——传播中国文化的同时推动社会进步,促进人类文明发展。没有在多种文化的接触、碰撞中起沟通作用的翻译,就无法保证世界各民族文化的共存、交融与发展。(许均,2007:234)其翻译过程是以译者为中心的“适应”文化全球化等翻译生悉环境与优化“选择”翻译方法产出“整合适应选择度”高译品的过程。第二、胡庚申认为“适应”和“选择”或多或少其实一直都是译者的潜意识行为,是译者从事翻译活动的一种本能。(胡庚申,2007:34)但是,文化全球化迫切要求外宣译者重新审视自己的意识观,才能多维度地适应特定的翻译生态环境,才有可能产生“整合适应选择度”最高的译品。译者只有不断增强全球意识和主体意识、文化自觉意识、多元文化意识、翻译的功能目的意识、正确的读者意识、技能意识以及素养意识,才能做到最佳适应和优化选择,真正实现外宣翻译的“译有所为”。第三、本文运用广义的“对外宣传”(包括广播、电视、报刊、互联网等传播途径)概念来探讨外宣翻译过程或外宣翻译活动。在个案研究中,本文坚持“突出重点”的做法,有意识地舍弃一些形式,而将视线和精力集中投放在对外宣传中数量大、影响大、效果好的几个形态上——专题报道、大型特别报道、消息类报道等,内容主要涉及政治色彩浓厚和具有中国特色的国俗语以及新语新词等新闻信息的外宣翻译。在分析语料的过程中,文中采取了逐字逐句进行考察的方法,尽量做到用事实说话。在对语料以及外宣翻译本身的特性分析的基础上,本文尝试性地总结归纳出外宣翻译的特点:适应性;选择性;社会性;文化性;创造性;历史性;严谨与简洁性;一贯性;意图性;互动性。
本研究创新之处在于:1)外宣翻译是个新兴研究领域,对其研究本身,尤其是对其翻译过程的研究本身就是一种创新。2)本研究以文化全球化为背景,对外宣翻译过程进行研究,提出其本质是“译有所为”。3)根据笔者目前掌握的资料和文献,还没有以翻译适应选择论为理论基础对外宣翻译进行研究,本研究充分强调译者在外宣翻译过程中的主导作用。4)将译者适应与选择过程中所涉及的认知心理因素,即意识程度问题纳入翻译过程的研究。5)尝试性地总结出外宣翻译的特点,为外宣翻译实践提供理论指导。
本研究共分六章。
第一章:绪论
笔者对本研究的选题背景、理论框架、主要问题及目的、创新之处、特点及方法、意义和构成进行了概述。
第二章:外宣翻译及其研究现状述评
本章首先对外宣的相关术语进行了概述和厘定,为明确外宣翻译内涵、性质、研究对象及其与文学翻译和其它类型文本的差异等异质特征奠定基础。继而详细论述了外宣翻译的目的、效果评估、传播途径以及对外宣翻译研究的相对滞后现状等问题,以此来突显对外宣翻译研究的重要意义。
第三章:外宣翻译与文化全球化
随着全球化现象的出现,全球化研究日渐成为新的“显学”。文化全球化研究是一种重要的全球化理论研究模式。20世纪80年代末90年代初,国外学者开始从文化或文明角度研究全球化,形成了一个新的理论空间——文化全球化研究。其中,罗兰·罗伯逊(Roland Roberson)、伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦(Immanuel Wallerstein)、弗朗西斯·福山(Francis Fukuyama)和塞谬尔·亨廷顿(Samuel P.Huntington)、约翰·汤姆林森(John Tomlinson)等学者形成了自己的研究特色,成为这个领域的代表人物。在国内,根据中国学术期刊网1999-2006年的统计,输入关键词“文化全球化”即可检索百篇以上相关论文。但就目前而言,对“全球化”、“文化全球化”等概念的界定和认识还存在歧义,出现了“反文化全球化”也不足为怪。因此,本章首先对文化全球化的内涵和实质进行了清楚的界定。明确提出文化全球化外宣翻译的本质是“译有所为”。外宣翻译的原则是“内外有别”,甚至是“外外有别”。真正实现外宣翻译的“译有所为”的过程是以译者为主导作用的适应与选择的过程。
第四章:外宣翻译的过程:译者适应与选择
本章是研究的核心。首先对古今中外译界对“适应”与“选择”的论述以及与本研究相关的语言学理论、语用学理论、关联翻译理论、翻译适应选择论等进行了梳理和简评,阐释了翻译适应选择论对外宣翻译的解释及指导作用,确立了本研究的理论基础是翻译适应选择论。
其次,笔者运用详实的语料对译者在外宣翻译过程中适应什么?如何适应?选择什么?如何选择?译者适应与选择的相互作用等问题进行论证研究,并以翻译适应选择论为视角对外宣翻译误译进行评析,更加突显外宣翻译的过程就是译者适应与选择的过程以及译者适应与选择的重要性。
最后,本章主要讨论译者适应与选择过程中所涉及的认知心理因素,即意识程度问题。“意识的机能或目的是使人能够进行选择而较好地适应环境”。(舒尔茨,1988:147)意识作为人所特有的反映控制机能,其实质就在于认识客观世界、控制改造世界的实践活动。(韩民青,1988:121)但人的意识对客观世界的反映不是消极被动的、简单的、肤浅的反映,而是一个积极能动的过程,它能够深入到客观事物的内部,揭示出事物的本质和规律,用以指导自己的实践活动。(孙奎贞等,1987:53)胡庚申(2007:34)认为从翻译实践角度来看,可以说,“适应”和“选择”或多或少其实一直都是译者的潜意识行为,是译者从事翻译活动的一种本能。但是,本研究认为文化全球化迫切要求外宣译者重新审视自己的意识观,才能多维度地适应特定的翻译生态环境,才有可能产生“整合适应选择度”最高的译品。并通过实例探讨了译者在外宣翻译过程中意识程度对其适应与选择的影响。
第五章:外宣翻译的特点
通过前几章节的理论演绎、语料分析和外宣翻译本身的学科性质,本章尝试性地归纳出外宣翻译的十大特点:适应性;选择性;社会性;文化性;创造性;历史性;严谨与简洁性;一贯性;意图性;互动性。
第六章:结论
在本章,笔者对本研究进行了简要的总结。论及了本研究的局限性。并对今后的进一步深入研究提出了一些建议与展望。
To synchronize China's ongoing reform and opening-up to the outside world and the accelerating development of the Chinese economy, China is striding into the international arena for its significant achievements and considerable influence. A variety of resources call for day-to-day translation from Chinese into foreign languages. This rare opportunity for China's global communication endows the translators with a glorious and arduous mission for boosting China's global image. In China's global communication, the translator's task is to turn Chinese versions into foreign languages in an excellent way to reflect China's standpoints by means of such media as books, periodicals, newspapers, broadcasting, television, and network etc. and various international conferences. Translation for China's global communication is to a large extent a specific embodiment of a nation's level of foreign exchanges and humanities environmental construction. This dissertation, based on the Translation as Adaptation and Selection as its theory framework, expounds in detail the following perspectives: what translational eco-environment for China's global communication the translator should adapt, how to adapt it, the respective result of the translator's adaptation and its maladaptation, what the translator having adapted translational eco-environment for China's global communication should select and how to select it. This study strives to get a breakthrough in the three aspects. Firstly, in the context of today's cultural globalization, the essence of translation forChina' global communication is "that translation is a purposeful activity"——not only to transmit Chinese culture to the outside world but also push forward the social progress for mankind civilization development. This is because the races and cultures of the world can never coexist, melt and develop without translation with the connecting role of multi-cultures' contact and shock. The translation process of China's global communication is that of the translator-centered adaptation to translational eco-environment like cultural globalization and optimal selection of translation method to produce translation versions with the highest degree of holistic adaptation and selection. Secondly, Professor Hu Gengshen believes that Adaptation and Selection is more or less always the translator's subconscious mental activity, which is done by its instinct. However, the present study argues that cultural globalization urges the translator to take a fresh look at its sense of consciousness. Only by improving its degree of consciousness can the translator realize its multi-dimensional adaptation to specific translational eco-environment to produce the translation versions with the highest degree of holistic adaptation and selection. The translator's best adaptation and optimal selection to achieve "doing things with translations" of translation for China's global communication demands the translator to think globally and consistently strengthen his/her subjectivity consciousness, multicultural consciousness, translational function and skopos consciousness, skill consciousness in translation and quality consciousness etc. Thirdly, the present study applies the concept in a broad sense of China's global communication including transmitting means such as broadcasting, television, newspapers, periodicals, and network to translation process study of China's global communication. In case study, this dissertation highlights the key points by abandoning deliberately some forms, instead, focusing its attention on the forms of special coverage, large special report, and news report etc. which are involved in information translation for China's global communication. In the analysis of data, the study tries to speak with evidence by inspecting word for word. Based on the analysis of data and the subject nature of translation for China's global communication itself, the present study has tentatively generalized ten features of China's global communication translation, namely, adaptability, selectivity, sociality, culture, creativity, historicity, preciseness and perspicuity, consistency, intentionality and interactivity.
This paper gives top priority to research originality regarding these aspects as follows: First, translation for China's global communication is an emerging study field. To probe into its nature, especially into its translation process is a manifestation of innovation. Second, the present study in the context of cultural globalization, focuses on the translation process of China's global communication, and puts forward the essence that translation is a purposeful activity. Third, in the light of data and literature held by the author, there is no study on translation for China's global communication which is based on the theory of Translation as Adaptation and Selection and fully highlights the translator's domination. Fourth, the cognitive psychology factor i.e. the level of consciousness interrelated with the translator's adaptation and selection is brought into the present study. Last but not least, the author makes a tentative summary of the features of translation for China's global communication to provide a theoretical guide for translation practice. All in all, this dissertation is an interdisciplinary approach to and tentative research on translation for China's global communication.
This dissertation falls into six chapters.
Chapter 1. Introduction
In this chapter, the author introduces the present study's topic selection background, theoretical structure, main problems and purposes, originalities, features and methods to offer an overview of the dissertation.
Chapter 2. A literature overview of the translation for China's global communication
This chapter, a general overview and clear definition of the terms interrelated with China's global communication, lays a foundation for singling out the meaning, nature, study object of translation for China's global communication and the differences between translation for China's global communication and other types of text translation such as literary translation. And then the purpose, the effect evaluation, and the transmission way of translation for China's global communication and the research lag phenomenon on it are discussed in detail to highlight the significance of research on translation for China's global communication.
Chapter 3. The translation for China's global communication and cultural globalization
With the emerging of globalization, globalization study is looming as a distinguished subject. Cultural globalization study is an important theory study model of globalization. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the overseas scholars began to study globalization in the sight of culture or civilization,and thus a new theoretical space——cultural globalization took shape.Among them are Roland Roberson, Immanuel Wallerstein, Francis Fukuyama, Samuel P. Huntington, and John Tomlinson who have formed their own academic characteristics. In China, according to statistics between 1999 and 2006 from Chinese periodical network by entering the keyword "cultural globalization", more than a hundred relevant papers can be retrieved. However, the definition and people's understanding of globalization and cultural globalization are divided. It is not surprising that the anti-cultural globalization appears. In view of the above reasons, this chapter first clearly defines the connotation and essence of cultural globalization. Then it explicitly proposes that, in the context of cultural globalization, the essence of translation for China's global communication is "that translation is a purposeful activity". The underlying principle of " distinctions between domestic and foreign readers" and "distinctions between foreign readers" should be observed throughout the translation process of China's global communication. The translation for China's global communication, also a purposeful activity, is a process of adaptation and selection with translator-centeredness and translator's domination.
Chapter4. China's global communication translation process: translator's adaptation and selection
This chapter, the core of the present study, will first make some brief comments on the discourse on "adaptation" and " selection" from the translation field at all times and in all countries and the linguistic theory, the pragmatic theory, the relevance theory of translation, the approach to Translation as Adaptation and Selection which are related to the present study. And in view of that, the author elaborates the explicable and guiding role to the translation for China's global communication of Translation as Adaptation and Selection which is therefore established as the rationale of the present study.
The author will then by means of the detailed and actual data, study on such problems as what and how the translator should adapt and select in the translation process of China's global communication, the interrelationship between the translator's adaptation and the translator's selection and so on so forth. From the perspective of Translation as Adaptation and Selection, the author surveys and analyses the mistranslation in translation for China's global communication. All this aims to highlight the indispensability that the translation process of China' global communication is the process of the translator's adaptation and selection.
Lastly, this chapter will examine the cognitive psychological factor, i.e. the level of awareness involved in the process of translator's adaptation and selection. The function and purpose of consciousness is to enable people to select and better adapt to the environment. The consciousness peculiar to humans serves as the reactive and controlling function to interpret, control and transform the objective world, which is active and positive not passive, simple and superficial. Human's consciousness can penetrate into the inner part of the objective things and throw light upon their essence and rule to guide its practical activity. Professor Hu Gengshen believes that Adaptation and Selection is more or less always the translator's subconscious mental activity, which is done by its instinct. However, the present study argues that cultural globalization urges the translator to take a fresh look at its sense of consciousness. Only by improving its degree of consciousness can the translator realize its multi-dimensional adaptation to specific translational eco-environment to produce the translation versions with the highest degree of holistic adaptation and selection. Therefore, this chapter probes into the impact of the translator's level of awareness in the translation process of China' global communication on the translator's adaptation and selection.
Chapter 5. The main features of translation for China's global communication
Based on the theoretical deduction, data analysis in the previous chapters and the subject nature of translation for China's global communication itself, the ten features of China's global communication translation are tentatively generalized in this chapter: adaptability, selectivity, sociality, culture, creativity, historicity, preciseness and perspicuity, consistency, intentionality and interactivity.
Chapter 6. Concluding remarks
In this chapter, the author wraps up the gist of the present study, including its limitations and puts forward the suggestions for future research.
本研究创新之处在于:1)外宣翻译是个新兴研究领域,对其研究本身,尤其是对其翻译过程的研究本身就是一种创新。2)本研究以文化全球化为背景,对外宣翻译过程进行研究,提出其本质是“译有所为”。3)根据笔者目前掌握的资料和文献,还没有以翻译适应选择论为理论基础对外宣翻译进行研究,本研究充分强调译者在外宣翻译过程中的主导作用。4)将译者适应与选择过程中所涉及的认知心理因素,即意识程度问题纳入翻译过程的研究。5)尝试性地总结出外宣翻译的特点,为外宣翻译实践提供理论指导。
本研究共分六章。
第一章:绪论
笔者对本研究的选题背景、理论框架、主要问题及目的、创新之处、特点及方法、意义和构成进行了概述。
第二章:外宣翻译及其研究现状述评
本章首先对外宣的相关术语进行了概述和厘定,为明确外宣翻译内涵、性质、研究对象及其与文学翻译和其它类型文本的差异等异质特征奠定基础。继而详细论述了外宣翻译的目的、效果评估、传播途径以及对外宣翻译研究的相对滞后现状等问题,以此来突显对外宣翻译研究的重要意义。
第三章:外宣翻译与文化全球化
随着全球化现象的出现,全球化研究日渐成为新的“显学”。文化全球化研究是一种重要的全球化理论研究模式。20世纪80年代末90年代初,国外学者开始从文化或文明角度研究全球化,形成了一个新的理论空间——文化全球化研究。其中,罗兰·罗伯逊(Roland Roberson)、伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦(Immanuel Wallerstein)、弗朗西斯·福山(Francis Fukuyama)和塞谬尔·亨廷顿(Samuel P.Huntington)、约翰·汤姆林森(John Tomlinson)等学者形成了自己的研究特色,成为这个领域的代表人物。在国内,根据中国学术期刊网1999-2006年的统计,输入关键词“文化全球化”即可检索百篇以上相关论文。但就目前而言,对“全球化”、“文化全球化”等概念的界定和认识还存在歧义,出现了“反文化全球化”也不足为怪。因此,本章首先对文化全球化的内涵和实质进行了清楚的界定。明确提出文化全球化外宣翻译的本质是“译有所为”。外宣翻译的原则是“内外有别”,甚至是“外外有别”。真正实现外宣翻译的“译有所为”的过程是以译者为主导作用的适应与选择的过程。
第四章:外宣翻译的过程:译者适应与选择
本章是研究的核心。首先对古今中外译界对“适应”与“选择”的论述以及与本研究相关的语言学理论、语用学理论、关联翻译理论、翻译适应选择论等进行了梳理和简评,阐释了翻译适应选择论对外宣翻译的解释及指导作用,确立了本研究的理论基础是翻译适应选择论。
其次,笔者运用详实的语料对译者在外宣翻译过程中适应什么?如何适应?选择什么?如何选择?译者适应与选择的相互作用等问题进行论证研究,并以翻译适应选择论为视角对外宣翻译误译进行评析,更加突显外宣翻译的过程就是译者适应与选择的过程以及译者适应与选择的重要性。
最后,本章主要讨论译者适应与选择过程中所涉及的认知心理因素,即意识程度问题。“意识的机能或目的是使人能够进行选择而较好地适应环境”。(舒尔茨,1988:147)意识作为人所特有的反映控制机能,其实质就在于认识客观世界、控制改造世界的实践活动。(韩民青,1988:121)但人的意识对客观世界的反映不是消极被动的、简单的、肤浅的反映,而是一个积极能动的过程,它能够深入到客观事物的内部,揭示出事物的本质和规律,用以指导自己的实践活动。(孙奎贞等,1987:53)胡庚申(2007:34)认为从翻译实践角度来看,可以说,“适应”和“选择”或多或少其实一直都是译者的潜意识行为,是译者从事翻译活动的一种本能。但是,本研究认为文化全球化迫切要求外宣译者重新审视自己的意识观,才能多维度地适应特定的翻译生态环境,才有可能产生“整合适应选择度”最高的译品。并通过实例探讨了译者在外宣翻译过程中意识程度对其适应与选择的影响。
第五章:外宣翻译的特点
通过前几章节的理论演绎、语料分析和外宣翻译本身的学科性质,本章尝试性地归纳出外宣翻译的十大特点:适应性;选择性;社会性;文化性;创造性;历史性;严谨与简洁性;一贯性;意图性;互动性。
第六章:结论
在本章,笔者对本研究进行了简要的总结。论及了本研究的局限性。并对今后的进一步深入研究提出了一些建议与展望。
To synchronize China's ongoing reform and opening-up to the outside world and the accelerating development of the Chinese economy, China is striding into the international arena for its significant achievements and considerable influence. A variety of resources call for day-to-day translation from Chinese into foreign languages. This rare opportunity for China's global communication endows the translators with a glorious and arduous mission for boosting China's global image. In China's global communication, the translator's task is to turn Chinese versions into foreign languages in an excellent way to reflect China's standpoints by means of such media as books, periodicals, newspapers, broadcasting, television, and network etc. and various international conferences. Translation for China's global communication is to a large extent a specific embodiment of a nation's level of foreign exchanges and humanities environmental construction. This dissertation, based on the Translation as Adaptation and Selection as its theory framework, expounds in detail the following perspectives: what translational eco-environment for China's global communication the translator should adapt, how to adapt it, the respective result of the translator's adaptation and its maladaptation, what the translator having adapted translational eco-environment for China's global communication should select and how to select it. This study strives to get a breakthrough in the three aspects. Firstly, in the context of today's cultural globalization, the essence of translation forChina' global communication is "that translation is a purposeful activity"——not only to transmit Chinese culture to the outside world but also push forward the social progress for mankind civilization development. This is because the races and cultures of the world can never coexist, melt and develop without translation with the connecting role of multi-cultures' contact and shock. The translation process of China's global communication is that of the translator-centered adaptation to translational eco-environment like cultural globalization and optimal selection of translation method to produce translation versions with the highest degree of holistic adaptation and selection. Secondly, Professor Hu Gengshen believes that Adaptation and Selection is more or less always the translator's subconscious mental activity, which is done by its instinct. However, the present study argues that cultural globalization urges the translator to take a fresh look at its sense of consciousness. Only by improving its degree of consciousness can the translator realize its multi-dimensional adaptation to specific translational eco-environment to produce the translation versions with the highest degree of holistic adaptation and selection. The translator's best adaptation and optimal selection to achieve "doing things with translations" of translation for China's global communication demands the translator to think globally and consistently strengthen his/her subjectivity consciousness, multicultural consciousness, translational function and skopos consciousness, skill consciousness in translation and quality consciousness etc. Thirdly, the present study applies the concept in a broad sense of China's global communication including transmitting means such as broadcasting, television, newspapers, periodicals, and network to translation process study of China's global communication. In case study, this dissertation highlights the key points by abandoning deliberately some forms, instead, focusing its attention on the forms of special coverage, large special report, and news report etc. which are involved in information translation for China's global communication. In the analysis of data, the study tries to speak with evidence by inspecting word for word. Based on the analysis of data and the subject nature of translation for China's global communication itself, the present study has tentatively generalized ten features of China's global communication translation, namely, adaptability, selectivity, sociality, culture, creativity, historicity, preciseness and perspicuity, consistency, intentionality and interactivity.
This paper gives top priority to research originality regarding these aspects as follows: First, translation for China's global communication is an emerging study field. To probe into its nature, especially into its translation process is a manifestation of innovation. Second, the present study in the context of cultural globalization, focuses on the translation process of China's global communication, and puts forward the essence that translation is a purposeful activity. Third, in the light of data and literature held by the author, there is no study on translation for China's global communication which is based on the theory of Translation as Adaptation and Selection and fully highlights the translator's domination. Fourth, the cognitive psychology factor i.e. the level of consciousness interrelated with the translator's adaptation and selection is brought into the present study. Last but not least, the author makes a tentative summary of the features of translation for China's global communication to provide a theoretical guide for translation practice. All in all, this dissertation is an interdisciplinary approach to and tentative research on translation for China's global communication.
This dissertation falls into six chapters.
Chapter 1. Introduction
In this chapter, the author introduces the present study's topic selection background, theoretical structure, main problems and purposes, originalities, features and methods to offer an overview of the dissertation.
Chapter 2. A literature overview of the translation for China's global communication
This chapter, a general overview and clear definition of the terms interrelated with China's global communication, lays a foundation for singling out the meaning, nature, study object of translation for China's global communication and the differences between translation for China's global communication and other types of text translation such as literary translation. And then the purpose, the effect evaluation, and the transmission way of translation for China's global communication and the research lag phenomenon on it are discussed in detail to highlight the significance of research on translation for China's global communication.
Chapter 3. The translation for China's global communication and cultural globalization
With the emerging of globalization, globalization study is looming as a distinguished subject. Cultural globalization study is an important theory study model of globalization. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the overseas scholars began to study globalization in the sight of culture or civilization,and thus a new theoretical space——cultural globalization took shape.Among them are Roland Roberson, Immanuel Wallerstein, Francis Fukuyama, Samuel P. Huntington, and John Tomlinson who have formed their own academic characteristics. In China, according to statistics between 1999 and 2006 from Chinese periodical network by entering the keyword "cultural globalization", more than a hundred relevant papers can be retrieved. However, the definition and people's understanding of globalization and cultural globalization are divided. It is not surprising that the anti-cultural globalization appears. In view of the above reasons, this chapter first clearly defines the connotation and essence of cultural globalization. Then it explicitly proposes that, in the context of cultural globalization, the essence of translation for China's global communication is "that translation is a purposeful activity". The underlying principle of " distinctions between domestic and foreign readers" and "distinctions between foreign readers" should be observed throughout the translation process of China's global communication. The translation for China's global communication, also a purposeful activity, is a process of adaptation and selection with translator-centeredness and translator's domination.
Chapter4. China's global communication translation process: translator's adaptation and selection
This chapter, the core of the present study, will first make some brief comments on the discourse on "adaptation" and " selection" from the translation field at all times and in all countries and the linguistic theory, the pragmatic theory, the relevance theory of translation, the approach to Translation as Adaptation and Selection which are related to the present study. And in view of that, the author elaborates the explicable and guiding role to the translation for China's global communication of Translation as Adaptation and Selection which is therefore established as the rationale of the present study.
The author will then by means of the detailed and actual data, study on such problems as what and how the translator should adapt and select in the translation process of China's global communication, the interrelationship between the translator's adaptation and the translator's selection and so on so forth. From the perspective of Translation as Adaptation and Selection, the author surveys and analyses the mistranslation in translation for China's global communication. All this aims to highlight the indispensability that the translation process of China' global communication is the process of the translator's adaptation and selection.
Lastly, this chapter will examine the cognitive psychological factor, i.e. the level of awareness involved in the process of translator's adaptation and selection. The function and purpose of consciousness is to enable people to select and better adapt to the environment. The consciousness peculiar to humans serves as the reactive and controlling function to interpret, control and transform the objective world, which is active and positive not passive, simple and superficial. Human's consciousness can penetrate into the inner part of the objective things and throw light upon their essence and rule to guide its practical activity. Professor Hu Gengshen believes that Adaptation and Selection is more or less always the translator's subconscious mental activity, which is done by its instinct. However, the present study argues that cultural globalization urges the translator to take a fresh look at its sense of consciousness. Only by improving its degree of consciousness can the translator realize its multi-dimensional adaptation to specific translational eco-environment to produce the translation versions with the highest degree of holistic adaptation and selection. Therefore, this chapter probes into the impact of the translator's level of awareness in the translation process of China' global communication on the translator's adaptation and selection.
Chapter 5. The main features of translation for China's global communication
Based on the theoretical deduction, data analysis in the previous chapters and the subject nature of translation for China's global communication itself, the ten features of China's global communication translation are tentatively generalized in this chapter: adaptability, selectivity, sociality, culture, creativity, historicity, preciseness and perspicuity, consistency, intentionality and interactivity.
Chapter 6. Concluding remarks
In this chapter, the author wraps up the gist of the present study, including its limitations and puts forward the suggestions for future research.
引文
[1]引自 http://www.66wen.com/05wx/xinwen/xinwen/20060512/15479.html
[2]引自 http://www.edu24ol.com/web_news/html/2008-9/200893173348442.html
[3]引自 http://www.165net.com/trans/chinese/ziyuan/wenxue.htm
[4]引自 http://wiki.hexun.com/view/9289.html
[5]引自 http://www.bjreview.com/lianghui/txt/2007-03/20/content_59667._4.htm
[6]引自 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a64c9a1010006nt.html-type=v5-one&label=rela_prevarticle
[7]引自 http://www.chinatranslation.org/articleview/2008-8-25/article_view_13714.htm
[8]引自 http://www.nju.edu.cn/cps/site/NJU/njue/profile/index.htm
[9]引自 http://www.pku.edu.cn/eabout/
[10]引自 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b27f1820100ayt7.html
[10]引自 http://www.sina.com.cn,2005-05-19
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[3]引自 http://www.165net.com/trans/chinese/ziyuan/wenxue.htm
[4]引自 http://wiki.hexun.com/view/9289.html
[5]引自 http://www.bjreview.com/lianghui/txt/2007-03/20/content_59667._4.htm
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[8]引自 http://www.nju.edu.cn/cps/site/NJU/njue/profile/index.htm
[9]引自 http://www.pku.edu.cn/eabout/
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