基于Web技术的计算机辅助海运安全管理系统
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摘要
作者综合运用了多种Web技术，采用面向对象的统一开发过程UDP，
在LOTUS公司的Domino平台上成功开发出了计算机辅助海运安全管
理系统CASMS，本文对这一系统分析、设计、实现以及整个开发过程
中所涉及到的技术问题进行了介绍。
CASMS是交通部重点科技项目《海运安全的计算机智能管理技术》
的一部分，主要用来辅助航运企业建立海运安全管理系统SMS，提高安
全管理水平。也可以用于建立ISO管理或其他管理系统。在CASMS中，
用户，包括公司、主管机关、或任何能连接Internet的场所（例如在大
海中的船舶）通过浏览器可以方便地检索、查阅和审核SMS的文件和工
作记录；可以填写和审批工作记录；可以编辑和更新SMS文件，系统能
自动建立和维护文件之间的相互关系；可以设置工作记录的处理流程，
并集中管理文件的安全性。
目前，Internet的应用已经相当普及，而Internet的发展中Web技
术占了十分重要的地位，它的内容涉及URL、MIME、HTTP、HTML、
XML、CGI、JavaScript、JAVA和网络加密技术等，对这些技术进行分
析研究并充分利用它们的特点，是成功开发Web应用的基础。本文对这
些技术进行了分析论述。
一个比较复杂的系统的开发，应该采用面向对象的分析设计方法。面
向对象的分析与设计OOA＆D的方法在80年代末至90年代中形成高潮，
面向对象建模语言也得到了很大的发展，出现了不少这样的语言。不同
种类的建模语言之间的差别妨碍着不同用户之间的交流，软件工程界通
过共同的努力产生了统一建模语言UML。它是一种定义良好、易于表达、
功能强大且普遍适用的建模语言，它融入了软件工程领域的新思想、新
方法和新技术。UML不仅支持面向对象的分析与设计，还支持从需求分
析开始的软件开发的全过程。
由于软件系统的日益复杂，软件开发应该在一种受控的工作方式中进
行。统一开发过程UDP是目前这一领域最为重要的成果。UDP是基于
组件的。利用它特别适合于开发由组件构成的的软件系统，在组件之间
有良好定义的接口相互联系。UDP利用UML为建模语言，依赖于三个
关键方面——用例、基本架构、迭代和增量开发，来集成软件开发的各
个方面，并最终确立一个集成的开发过程框架。
在CAS MS的研究和实现过程中，作者使用了统一建模语言UML和
统一开发过程UDP来管理和控制软件开发的整个过程，这是保证CASMS
的成功开发并真正具有可扩展性和可维护性的关键。本文用UML对系统
的分析设计和实现作了说明，并着重讨论了实现过程中所涉及到的关键
技术，包括文件关系的处理、文件流转的实现、文件安全性控制和文件
查阅等。
CASMS 投入使用以后，目前运行结果良好，且解决了不少企业在
SMS管理方面原先存在的实际问题。
本文最后还对系统的智能化作了分析，并对其将来的发展作了展望。
本文的主要贡献是综合运用当前较新的适用技术，尤其是与Web有
关的技术，并将它们引入 旧O 管理系统中，从而成功的解决了航运公司
的计算机辅助海运安全体系的设计开发和实现。这一系统己成功地在实
践中得到应用。
This paper presents the author's work on the design and implementation of
the Computer Aided Safety Management System (CASMS), which is a part
of the work on omputer Aided Intelligent Management Technology for
Maritime Safety? a project sponsored by the Ministry of Communication of
China. With this system:
(1) Users at any site, such as in the headquarter or branch offices of the
organization, or even on board ship in the ocean, being connected by
Internet, can retrieve, browse, and check Safety Management System
(SMS) files and orking records?of the organization, which adopts
CASMS to supports its safety management;
(2) The staffs of the organization can fill in and audit working records,
according to their authorization, granted by the administrator of the
SMS;
(3)The administrator of SMS can edit and update SMS files. Meanwhile,
the system can maintain the relationship between the files automatically,
during the creation and updating of the files.
(4)The administrator of SMS may set up the file flow for a work session
and grant the file processing authorization to various users;
(5) The administrator of SMS can manage and control the security and the
integrity of the system.
The system is developed on Lotus Domino platform. Meanwhile, various
Web techniques are used and integrated into CASMS, including URL, MIME,
HTTP, XML, CGI, JavaScript, Java , Network Security, and etc. The author
carefully analyzes and makes use of above techniques in the development of
the system. Some of the key techniques, which play important roles in CASMS
are discussed in the paper.
Object-oriented analysis & design (OOA&D), including Universal Modeling
Language (UML) and Unified Development Process (UDP) are adopted in the
whole process of the design and implementation of CASMS.
The OOA&D research and application made great progresses in the period
from the end of 80's to the middle of 90's. Meanwhile a few of Object-oriented
modeling language were developed. Among them, UML is one of the powerful,
well-defined and easy to use one, It has combined many new concepts, new
methods and new technologies from various software engineering areas, and
it has been accepted by the software engineering society already. UML
supports not only OOA&D but also the whole process of software development.
In this paper, the analysis, design and implementation of CASMS, as well as
the related technologies, such as the maintenance of the relationship between
files, file flow control, file security control, and file browsing are represented by
UML.
UDP has made great contributions in the control of Software development
process. UDP is most suitable in the developing of component - based system.
UDP uses UML as its modeling language, and it depends on three concepts:
case-based, architecture-based, and iteration and incremental development.
UDP integrates all steps of software development into an integrated
development structure.
The author takes the advantage of UML and UDP In the development of
CASMS, including the control of the whole development process. The adoption
of UDP and UML not only guaranteed the successfully development of
CASMS, but also made the system extendable and maintainable.
The development of the intelligent CASMS technique and the further work
of CASMS are also discussed in the paper.
CASMS has been adopted by the YUHAI Shipping Company, and is
working well now in t
在LOTUS公司的Domino平台上成功开发出了计算机辅助海运安全管
理系统CASMS，本文对这一系统分析、设计、实现以及整个开发过程
中所涉及到的技术问题进行了介绍。
CASMS是交通部重点科技项目《海运安全的计算机智能管理技术》
的一部分，主要用来辅助航运企业建立海运安全管理系统SMS，提高安
全管理水平。也可以用于建立ISO管理或其他管理系统。在CASMS中，
用户，包括公司、主管机关、或任何能连接Internet的场所（例如在大
海中的船舶）通过浏览器可以方便地检索、查阅和审核SMS的文件和工
作记录；可以填写和审批工作记录；可以编辑和更新SMS文件，系统能
自动建立和维护文件之间的相互关系；可以设置工作记录的处理流程，
并集中管理文件的安全性。
目前，Internet的应用已经相当普及，而Internet的发展中Web技
术占了十分重要的地位，它的内容涉及URL、MIME、HTTP、HTML、
XML、CGI、JavaScript、JAVA和网络加密技术等，对这些技术进行分
析研究并充分利用它们的特点，是成功开发Web应用的基础。本文对这
些技术进行了分析论述。
一个比较复杂的系统的开发，应该采用面向对象的分析设计方法。面
向对象的分析与设计OOA＆D的方法在80年代末至90年代中形成高潮，
面向对象建模语言也得到了很大的发展，出现了不少这样的语言。不同
种类的建模语言之间的差别妨碍着不同用户之间的交流，软件工程界通
过共同的努力产生了统一建模语言UML。它是一种定义良好、易于表达、
功能强大且普遍适用的建模语言，它融入了软件工程领域的新思想、新
方法和新技术。UML不仅支持面向对象的分析与设计，还支持从需求分
析开始的软件开发的全过程。
由于软件系统的日益复杂，软件开发应该在一种受控的工作方式中进
行。统一开发过程UDP是目前这一领域最为重要的成果。UDP是基于
组件的。利用它特别适合于开发由组件构成的的软件系统，在组件之间
有良好定义的接口相互联系。UDP利用UML为建模语言，依赖于三个
关键方面——用例、基本架构、迭代和增量开发，来集成软件开发的各
个方面，并最终确立一个集成的开发过程框架。
在CAS MS的研究和实现过程中，作者使用了统一建模语言UML和
统一开发过程UDP来管理和控制软件开发的整个过程，这是保证CASMS
的成功开发并真正具有可扩展性和可维护性的关键。本文用UML对系统
的分析设计和实现作了说明，并着重讨论了实现过程中所涉及到的关键
技术，包括文件关系的处理、文件流转的实现、文件安全性控制和文件
查阅等。
CASMS 投入使用以后，目前运行结果良好，且解决了不少企业在
SMS管理方面原先存在的实际问题。
本文最后还对系统的智能化作了分析，并对其将来的发展作了展望。
本文的主要贡献是综合运用当前较新的适用技术，尤其是与Web有
关的技术，并将它们引入 旧O 管理系统中，从而成功的解决了航运公司
的计算机辅助海运安全体系的设计开发和实现。这一系统己成功地在实
践中得到应用。
This paper presents the author's work on the design and implementation of
the Computer Aided Safety Management System (CASMS), which is a part
of the work on omputer Aided Intelligent Management Technology for
Maritime Safety? a project sponsored by the Ministry of Communication of
China. With this system:
(1) Users at any site, such as in the headquarter or branch offices of the
organization, or even on board ship in the ocean, being connected by
Internet, can retrieve, browse, and check Safety Management System
(SMS) files and orking records?of the organization, which adopts
CASMS to supports its safety management;
(2) The staffs of the organization can fill in and audit working records,
according to their authorization, granted by the administrator of the
SMS;
(3)The administrator of SMS can edit and update SMS files. Meanwhile,
the system can maintain the relationship between the files automatically,
during the creation and updating of the files.
(4)The administrator of SMS may set up the file flow for a work session
and grant the file processing authorization to various users;
(5) The administrator of SMS can manage and control the security and the
integrity of the system.
The system is developed on Lotus Domino platform. Meanwhile, various
Web techniques are used and integrated into CASMS, including URL, MIME,
HTTP, XML, CGI, JavaScript, Java , Network Security, and etc. The author
carefully analyzes and makes use of above techniques in the development of
the system. Some of the key techniques, which play important roles in CASMS
are discussed in the paper.
Object-oriented analysis & design (OOA&D), including Universal Modeling
Language (UML) and Unified Development Process (UDP) are adopted in the
whole process of the design and implementation of CASMS.
The OOA&D research and application made great progresses in the period
from the end of 80's to the middle of 90's. Meanwhile a few of Object-oriented
modeling language were developed. Among them, UML is one of the powerful,
well-defined and easy to use one, It has combined many new concepts, new
methods and new technologies from various software engineering areas, and
it has been accepted by the software engineering society already. UML
supports not only OOA&D but also the whole process of software development.
In this paper, the analysis, design and implementation of CASMS, as well as
the related technologies, such as the maintenance of the relationship between
files, file flow control, file security control, and file browsing are represented by
UML.
UDP has made great contributions in the control of Software development
process. UDP is most suitable in the developing of component - based system.
UDP uses UML as its modeling language, and it depends on three concepts:
case-based, architecture-based, and iteration and incremental development.
UDP integrates all steps of software development into an integrated
development structure.
The author takes the advantage of UML and UDP In the development of
CASMS, including the control of the whole development process. The adoption
of UDP and UML not only guaranteed the successfully development of
CASMS, but also made the system extendable and maintainable.
The development of the intelligent CASMS technique and the further work
of CASMS are also discussed in the paper.
CASMS has been adopted by the YUHAI Shipping Company, and is
working well now in t
引文
[1] HTTP, http://www.w3． org/protocols
[2] HTML, http://www.w3． org/markup
[3] XML. http://www.w3． org/XML
[4] XSL. http://www.w3． org/style/xsl
[5] DOM. http://www.w3． org/DOM
[6] CSS. Specification http://www.w3． org/TP/REC_CSS1
[7] Applets. http://java.sun.com/Applets
[8] JAVA . http://java.sun.com
[9] Lotus Notes. http://notes.net
[10] How to Use XML with Lotus Domino. http://www.redbook.ibm.com
[11] DilipC. Naik. Internet Standards and Protocols. Microsoft Press. 1998
[12] Klaus Bergner, Andreas Rausch, Marc Sihling. Using UML for Modeling a Distributed Java Application. Institut fur Informatik Technische Universitat Munchen,1998
[13] Scott W. Ambler. Enhancing the Unified Process: Software Process for the Post-2000 (P2K) World. Ronin International Inc., 2000
[14] Engineering Process Summary (Fusion 2． 0) . Hewlett-Packard Company , 1997
[15] OMG. Unified Modeling Language Specification. Object Management Group, Inc. 1999
[16] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson, The Unified
[17] Modeling Language User Guide, Addison Wesley, 1999
[18] M. Fowler with K. Scott. UML Distilled: Applying the Standard Object Modeling Language. Addison-Wesley, 1997
[19] M. Griss. "Domain Engineering And Variability In The Reuse-Driven
[20] Software Engineering Business" . Object Magazine, December 1996
[21] Bruce Eckel. Thinking in C++. Prentice Hall , 1995
[22] Bruce Eckel. Thinking in Java. Prentice Hall , 1998
[23] Andrews. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks. Prentice Hall ,1996
[24] Ralph M. Stair, George W. Reynolds. Principles of Information Systems, A Managerial Approach. Course Technology, ITP, 1998
[25] Roger S. Pressman. Software Engineering, A Practitioner's Approach. McGraw-Hill,1997
[26] Mary shaw, David Gardan. Software architecture:perspectives on an emerging discipline. Prentice Hall, Inc, 1996
[27] Barbara A. Bolin, R. Benjamin Qrdoex. Lotus Notes: The Complete Reference. McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc,1996
[28] 张公忠．现代网络技术教程．电子工业出版社，2000
[29] 马洪兵，张秋玲．HTML语言与Web站点开发技术．清华大学出版社，1998
[30] [美]John Vacca史宗海等译．Intranet的安全性．电子工业出版社，2000
[31] 林海．浏览器／服务器应用开发．科学技术出版社，2000
[32] 姚东，白建军，王雪梅．动态网页高级编程．人民邮电出版社，2000
[33] 莲花软件(中国)有限公司．Lotus Domino R5安全技术．机械工业出版社，2000
[34] 北京义驰美迪技术开发有限责任公司．Lotus Domino4.6网络配置和规划．中国水利水电出版社，1998
[35] 北京义驰美迪技术开发有限责任公司．Lotus Domino4.6应用开发指南．中国水利水电出版社，1998
[36] 北京义驰美迪技术开发有限责任公司．Lotus Domino4.6系统管理．中国水利水电出版社，1998
[37] 雷光复．面向对象的新一代数据库系统．国防工业出版社，2000
[2] HTML, http://www.w3． org/markup
[3] XML. http://www.w3． org/XML
[4] XSL. http://www.w3． org/style/xsl
[5] DOM. http://www.w3． org/DOM
[6] CSS. Specification http://www.w3． org/TP/REC_CSS1
[7] Applets. http://java.sun.com/Applets
[8] JAVA . http://java.sun.com
[9] Lotus Notes. http://notes.net
[10] How to Use XML with Lotus Domino. http://www.redbook.ibm.com
[11] DilipC. Naik. Internet Standards and Protocols. Microsoft Press. 1998
[12] Klaus Bergner, Andreas Rausch, Marc Sihling. Using UML for Modeling a Distributed Java Application. Institut fur Informatik Technische Universitat Munchen,1998
[13] Scott W. Ambler. Enhancing the Unified Process: Software Process for the Post-2000 (P2K) World. Ronin International Inc., 2000
[14] Engineering Process Summary (Fusion 2． 0) . Hewlett-Packard Company , 1997
[15] OMG. Unified Modeling Language Specification. Object Management Group, Inc. 1999
[16] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson, The Unified
[17] Modeling Language User Guide, Addison Wesley, 1999
[18] M. Fowler with K. Scott. UML Distilled: Applying the Standard Object Modeling Language. Addison-Wesley, 1997
[19] M. Griss. "Domain Engineering And Variability In The Reuse-Driven
[20] Software Engineering Business" . Object Magazine, December 1996
[21] Bruce Eckel. Thinking in C++. Prentice Hall , 1995
[22] Bruce Eckel. Thinking in Java. Prentice Hall , 1998
[23] Andrews. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks. Prentice Hall ,1996
[24] Ralph M. Stair, George W. Reynolds. Principles of Information Systems, A Managerial Approach. Course Technology, ITP, 1998
[25] Roger S. Pressman. Software Engineering, A Practitioner's Approach. McGraw-Hill,1997
[26] Mary shaw, David Gardan. Software architecture:perspectives on an emerging discipline. Prentice Hall, Inc, 1996
[27] Barbara A. Bolin, R. Benjamin Qrdoex. Lotus Notes: The Complete Reference. McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc,1996
[28] 张公忠．现代网络技术教程．电子工业出版社，2000
[29] 马洪兵，张秋玲．HTML语言与Web站点开发技术．清华大学出版社，1998
[30] [美]John Vacca史宗海等译．Intranet的安全性．电子工业出版社，2000
[31] 林海．浏览器／服务器应用开发．科学技术出版社，2000
[32] 姚东，白建军，王雪梅．动态网页高级编程．人民邮电出版社，2000
[33] 莲花软件(中国)有限公司．Lotus Domino R5安全技术．机械工业出版社，2000
[34] 北京义驰美迪技术开发有限责任公司．Lotus Domino4.6网络配置和规划．中国水利水电出版社，1998
[35] 北京义驰美迪技术开发有限责任公司．Lotus Domino4.6应用开发指南．中国水利水电出版社，1998
[36] 北京义驰美迪技术开发有限责任公司．Lotus Domino4.6系统管理．中国水利水电出版社，1998
[37] 雷光复．面向对象的新一代数据库系统．国防工业出版社，2000