实时三平面组织同步显像技术评价心肌梗死患者左室心肌收缩不同步运动的研究
|
摘要
目的心肌梗死(myocardial infarction, MI)患者普遍存在左室心肌收缩不同步运动现象,如何准确评价不同步运动对于诊断、治疗及判断预后均具有重要临床意义,也是近年来国内外心脏起搏与电生理学界研究的热点课题。本研究采用实时三平面超声心动图技术(real-time triplane echocardiography, RT-3PE)与组织同步显像技术(Tissue Synchronization Imaging, TSI)相结合即三平面组织同步显像技术(Triplane-TSI)对正常人和心肌梗死患者左室壁运动的同步性进行评价,其主要目的是：1.应用实时三平面组织同步显像技术评价正常人及心肌梗死患者左室心肌的收缩同步性运动,并比较两组间左室收缩不同步参数之间的差异。2.应用实时三平面技术评价正常人与心肌梗死患者左室收缩功能,并与传统二维改良Simpsion法进行比较,探讨三平面超声技术评价左心功能的价值。3.探讨心肌梗死患者左心室心肌收缩不同步与左室心功能的关系。方法应用实时三平面组织同步显像技术(RT3P-TSI),分别测量50例正常人和50例心肌梗死患者(25例前壁MI,25例下壁MI)左室12节段收缩达峰时间期(Ts)及收缩达峰速度(Vp),并得到12节段收缩达峰时间标准差(Ts-SD)和12节段的最大和最小时间的差值(Ts-diff);并采用RT3PE分别测量48例正常人、48例心肌梗死患者左室舒张末期容积(?)(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(I.VESV)、每搏量(SV)和射血分数(EP),并与二维改良Simpson(?)去所测的LVEDV、LVESV、SV、EF进行比较。结果①前壁和下壁心梗组缩达峰时间(Ts)和对照组相比,Ts明显延长,(P<0.05);前壁心梗组的前壁和前间隔的Ts明显长于对照组和自身其他节段(P<0.05),下壁心梗组的下壁和后壁的Ts明显长于对照组和自身其他节段(P<0.05)；②前壁和下壁心梗组Vp比对照组明显减低(P<0.05)；③前壁心梗组和下壁心梗组不同步指数Ts-diff、Ts-SD比对照组显著延长(P<0.05);④在正常对照组中RT3PE与二维改良Simpson's法两种方法所测I.VEDV、 LVESV、SV、EF之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),并且上述两种方法所测相应的测量值密切相关(r=0.914,0.892,0.815,0.996)；心肌梗死组中RT3PE与二维改良Simpson's法两种方法所测LVEDV、LVESV、SV、EF之间差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),并且上述两种方法所测相应的测量值有较好的相关性(r=0.816,0.852,0.798,0.801)⑤实时三平面超声心动图法所测I.VEDV、LVESV、SV, EF在心肌梗死组与对照组之间比较之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。⑥左室射血分数(LVEF)与Ts-diff, Ts-SD呈负相关性(r值为-0.652,-0.552,P<0.05)。结论心肌梗死患者存在左室收缩功能损害及不同步运动,且两者之间存在良好的负相关性,三平面组织同步显像技术为准确评价不同部位心肌梗死患者左室功能及收缩不同步运动提供了新方法。
Objective Left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony widely exists in patients with myocardial infarction(MI),so how to evaluate the myocardial dyssynchrony accurately plays an important clinical role in the diagnosis,treatment and judgment of prognosis.It has been a hot topic in cardiac pacing and electrophysiology in recent years throughout the world. This study is to evaluate left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patients with myocardial infarction by real-time three-triplane echocardiography tissue synchronization imaging (RT3P-TSI),combing TSI and RT-3PE.The purposes of this study were:1.To evaluate left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patient with myocardial infarction by real-time three-triplane echocardiography tissue synchronization imaging (RT3P-TSI).2.To verify the accuracy of left ventricular systolic function(LVSF) in myocardial infarction patients by Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) modoified Simpson's methods and real-time tri-plane echocardiography(RT-3PE),and to explore whether RT-3PE is a quick and accurate ultrasonic technology for the measurement of LVSF.3. To assess the relationship between the Left ventricular dyssynchrony indexes Ts-diff. Ts-SD and Left ventricular systolic function.Methods50controls and50MI patients (Twenty-five anterior MI and Twenty-five inferior MI patients) were enrolled in this study. The time and velocity to regional peak systolic velocity(Ts),(Vp) in six basal and six middle segments (12segments) of the left ventricular were measured semiautomatically using RT3P-TSI and two parameters of systolic dyssynchrony were computed (Ts-diff and Ts-SD). The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),Jeft ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),stroke volume (SV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured to the control group and MI patients by2DE modoified Simpson's methods and RT-3PE. Results①Ts delays in anterior segments and interventricular septum in anterior MI group (P<0.05). Ts delayed in anterior segments and inlerventricular septum in anterior MI group (P<0.05). Ts delayed in inferior and posterior segments in inferior MI group (P<0.05).Ts of lateral was prolonged in the MI group compared with controls (P<0.05).②Vp was significantly shortest in MI group when compared with controls.③The Ts-SD and Ts-diff were prolonged in the anterior MI group and inferior MI group when compared with controls (P<0.05).④n normal people there were no statistically significant difference among the values of LVEDV、LVESV、SV and LVEF.there was good correlation between RT-3PE and2DE Simpson's methods(r=0.914,0.892,0.815,0.996), Furthermore, In MI people there were no statistically significant difference among the values of LVEDV、LVESV、SV and LVEF between RT-3PE and2DE Simpson's methods.There was good correlation between RT-3PE and2DE Simpson's methods(r=0.816,0.852,0.798,0.801)⑤The values of LVEDV、LVESV、SV and LVEF were measured by RT-3PE in MI patients and the control group,has statistically significant difference⑥eft ventricular of ejection fraction (LVEF) is correlated negatively with he dyssynchrony indexes Ts-diff、Ts-SD (r=-0.652,-0.552, P<0.05).Conclusion.the systolic dyssynchrony of LV was damaged is common in MI patients. LVEF is correlated negatively with the two parameters of dyssynchrony indexes.Triplane TSI is a new and accurate methods in assessment of left ventricular dyssychrony.
Objective Left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony widely exists in patients with myocardial infarction(MI),so how to evaluate the myocardial dyssynchrony accurately plays an important clinical role in the diagnosis,treatment and judgment of prognosis.It has been a hot topic in cardiac pacing and electrophysiology in recent years throughout the world. This study is to evaluate left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patients with myocardial infarction by real-time three-triplane echocardiography tissue synchronization imaging (RT3P-TSI),combing TSI and RT-3PE.The purposes of this study were:1.To evaluate left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patient with myocardial infarction by real-time three-triplane echocardiography tissue synchronization imaging (RT3P-TSI).2.To verify the accuracy of left ventricular systolic function(LVSF) in myocardial infarction patients by Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) modoified Simpson's methods and real-time tri-plane echocardiography(RT-3PE),and to explore whether RT-3PE is a quick and accurate ultrasonic technology for the measurement of LVSF.3. To assess the relationship between the Left ventricular dyssynchrony indexes Ts-diff. Ts-SD and Left ventricular systolic function.Methods50controls and50MI patients (Twenty-five anterior MI and Twenty-five inferior MI patients) were enrolled in this study. The time and velocity to regional peak systolic velocity(Ts),(Vp) in six basal and six middle segments (12segments) of the left ventricular were measured semiautomatically using RT3P-TSI and two parameters of systolic dyssynchrony were computed (Ts-diff and Ts-SD). The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),Jeft ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),stroke volume (SV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured to the control group and MI patients by2DE modoified Simpson's methods and RT-3PE. Results①Ts delays in anterior segments and interventricular septum in anterior MI group (P<0.05). Ts delayed in anterior segments and inlerventricular septum in anterior MI group (P<0.05). Ts delayed in inferior and posterior segments in inferior MI group (P<0.05).Ts of lateral was prolonged in the MI group compared with controls (P<0.05).②Vp was significantly shortest in MI group when compared with controls.③The Ts-SD and Ts-diff were prolonged in the anterior MI group and inferior MI group when compared with controls (P<0.05).④n normal people there were no statistically significant difference among the values of LVEDV、LVESV、SV and LVEF.there was good correlation between RT-3PE and2DE Simpson's methods(r=0.914,0.892,0.815,0.996), Furthermore, In MI people there were no statistically significant difference among the values of LVEDV、LVESV、SV and LVEF between RT-3PE and2DE Simpson's methods.There was good correlation between RT-3PE and2DE Simpson's methods(r=0.816,0.852,0.798,0.801)⑤The values of LVEDV、LVESV、SV and LVEF were measured by RT-3PE in MI patients and the control group,has statistically significant difference⑥eft ventricular of ejection fraction (LVEF) is correlated negatively with he dyssynchrony indexes Ts-diff、Ts-SD (r=-0.652,-0.552, P<0.05).Conclusion.the systolic dyssynchrony of LV was damaged is common in MI patients. LVEF is correlated negatively with the two parameters of dyssynchrony indexes.Triplane TSI is a new and accurate methods in assessment of left ventricular dyssychrony.
引文
[1]Alessia Gimelli, Patrizia Landi,Paolo Marraccini,etal. Left ventricular ejection fraction measurements:accuracy and prognostic implications in a large population of patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease. hit J Cardiovasc lmaging,2008,24:793-801.
[2]Toussaint JF, Lavergen T, Ouitraut J, etal. Biventrieular pacing in severe beam failure patients rev erses electro-mechanical dyssynchronization from apex to base. PACE,2000,23: 1731-1734
[3]Nucifora G, Bertini M, Marsan NA, etal:Impact of left ventricular dyssynchrony early on left ventricular function after first acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol.2010; 105(3):306-311.
[4]Kuznetsova, Tatiana; Bogaert,etal.Association of left ventricular diastolic function with systolic dyssynchrony:a population study.EHJ Cardiovascular Imaging2013) 14 (5):471-479.
[5]Robert Manka,Sebastian Kozerke,Andrea K Rutz,etal.A CMR study of the effects of tissue edema and necrosis on left ventricular dyssynchrony in acute myocardial infarction:implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy.Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2012,14(47).
[6]Elnoamany MF, Badran HM, Abo Elazm TH, etal:Asynchrony of left ventricular systolic performance after the first acute myocardial infarction in patients with narrow QRS complexes: Doppler tissue imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.2006; 19(12):1449-1457.
[7]Turan B, Yilmaz F, Karaahmet T,etal.Role of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Predicting Remodeling after ST elevation Myocardial Infarction.Echocardiography 2012;29:165-172.
[8]杨新娟(综述).心室同步收缩对心功能的影响.中国心血管杂志,2003, 8:70-72.
[9]Galiuto Ignone G DeMariaAN. Contraction and relaxation velocities of normal left ventricle using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol.1998,81(5):.609-614.
[10]Greenbaum RA, HoSY. Left ventrieular fibre architeeture in man. Br Heart J,1981,45: 248-263。
[11]霍勇,高炜主编·心肌梗死·沈阳：沈阳科学技术出版社。2003·150.
[12]Kerwin WF. Botvinick EH, O'Connel JW,etal. Ventricular contraction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy:effect of biventricular pacing to correct interventricular dyssynchrony. J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35:1221-1227.
[13]Rechman AU, D'cruze H.Quantitative echocardiographfic assessment of ventricular shape. Echocardiography,1997,14:171-180.
[14]Kim wY, Sogaard P, Mortensen PT, etal.Three dimensional echocardiography documents hemodynamic improvement by biventricular pacing in patients with severe heart failure. Heart,2001,85:514-520.
[15]Lau CP, Xu CM, Chau E, etal.Reveral of left ventricular remodeling by synchronous biventricular pacing in heart failure. PACE,2000,23:1722-1725.
[16]Renter S, Garfigue S, Bordachar P, etal. Intermediate-term results of biventricular pacing in heart failure:Correlation between clinical and hemodynamic date. PACE,2000,23:1713-1717.
[17]Marti L, McCulloch, Stephen H,etal.Imaging methodology and protocols for three-dimensional echocardiography. Current Opinion in Cardiology,2009,24(1):395-401.
[18]S.A. Kleijn, O. Kamp. Clinical application of three-dimensional echocardiography: past,present and future.Neth Heart J,2009,17(1):18-24.
[19]王瑶,高长青,叶卫华,等.超声心动图实时三平面成像法测量左心室容积的实验研究.中华超声影像学杂志,2006,15(10)：776-779.
[20]刘蓉,邓又斌,刘冰冰,等.实时三平面超声心动图测量左室室壁瘤的左室容积的实验研究临床超声医学杂志,2007,9(11)：644-647.
[21]盛炜,高长青,王瑶,etal.超声心动图实时三平面成像法测量左心室容积的研究.中国医学影像技术.2006,22(11),1694-1696.
[22]龚静吉,谢明星,王新房,等.实时三平面超声心动图测量正常人左心室每搏量的临床研究.中华超声影像学杂志,2006,15(4):247-250.
[23]刘蓉,邓又斌,杨好意,等.实时三平面超声心动图评价扩张型心肌病、冠心病患者左室容积及收缩功能.中国医学影像技术,2007,23(6):862-864.
[24]高瑞锋,张全斌,刘丰,等.实时三平面超声心动图评价心肌梗死患者左心室总体收缩功能的研究.中华超声医学杂志,2012. 9(2)：117-121.
[25]潘永寿,王高兴,秦蕾,等.实时三维超声心动图评价冠心病左室重构及心功能的研究.中国超声医学杂志2008, 24(12): 1090-1093.
[26]Yu CM, Zhang Q, Fung JW, et al. A novel tool to assess systolic asynchrony and identify responders of cardiac resynchmnization therapy by tissue synchronization imaging. J Am Coil Cardiol 2005; 45(5):677-684.
[27]Ali Kazemisaeid,Mehrnaz Rezvanfard,Hakimeh Sadeghian,etal.Comparison between tissue doppler imaging (TDI) and tissue synchronization imaging (TSI) in evaluation of left ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with advanced heart failure. Echocardiogr 2012;29(1):7-12.
[28]Ng, Arnold C. T,Tran, Da T,Allman, Christine, etal. Prognostic implications of left ventricular dyssynchrony early after non-ST elevation myocardial infarction without congestive heart failure.Eur Heart J,2010,31(3):298-308.
[29]Dominique Auger, Matteo Bertini,Nina Ajmone Marsan,etal.Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy combining two different three-dimensional analyses of left ventricular dyssynchrony.Am J Cardiol 2011;108(5):711-717.
[30]Van de Veire, N R; Yu, C-M; Ajmone-Marsan, N;etal.Triplane tissue Doppler imaging:a novel three-dimensional imaging modality that predicts reverse left ventricular remodelling after cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Heart 2008;94(3):e9.
[3]Deshmukh P, Casavant DA,Romanyshyn M. etal.Permanent Direct H is Brindle Pacing:a novel approach to cardic pacing in patents with normal His-Purkinje activation. Circulation,2000, 101:869-877.
[32]Grines CL,Bashore TM.Boudaulas H, etal. Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block. The effect of interventricular asynchrony. Circulation.1989,79:845-853.
[33]Rosenqvist M, IsaazK. Botvinick EH etal. Relative importance of activation sequence compared to atrioventricular synchrony in left ventricular function. Am J cardiol,1991.67: 148-156.
[34]Cui CZ, Yang DY,Fu W, etal.Hemodynamic effects of ventricular contraction sequence by A-V junctional pacing in patients with SSS. J Am Coll Cardiol,1992,19:66A
[35]De Sutter J, De bondt P, De Wiele C, et al. Prevalence of potential candidates for biventricular pacing among patients with known coronary artery disease:a prospective registry from a single center. Pace,2000,23:1718-1721
[37]Toussaint J, Lavergne T, Allitraut J, etal. Biventricular pacing severe heart failure patients reveraea electromechanical dyssynchronization from apex to base. PACE,2000,23:1731-1734.
[38]Kerwin WF,Botvnick EH, Connel JW,etal.Ventricular contraction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy:effect of biventricular pacing to correct Interventricular dyssynchrony. J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35:1221-1227.
[39]Cui CZ, leline Fox,Vincent GM,etal. Effects of ventricular contraction sequence on hemodynamic and wall motion. Pace,1993,16:1559-1569.
[40]D'Cruz,Sharaf IS.Patterns of flow within the dilated cardiomyopathic left ventricle:Color flow Doppler observations. Eehocardiography,1991,8:227-231.
[41]Nucifora G, Bertini M, Marsan NA, etal:Impact of left ventricular dyssynchrony early on left ventricular function after first acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105(3):306-311.
[1]Owan TE, Redfield MM. Epidemiology of diastolic heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis.2005.
[2]华伟,王方正,张澎,等.CRT-D在慢性心力衰竭患者的临床应用。中华心律失常学杂志2006.
[3]Curry CW, Nelson GS, Wyman BT, et al. Myocardial dyssynchrony in dilated cardiomyopathy with intraventricular conduction delay as depicted by 3D logged magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation,2000,101:E2.
[4]Kerw in W F, Bo tvinck EH, O'Connell JW, etal. Ventricular conduction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy:effect of biventricular pacing to correct interventricular dyssynchrony.J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35:1221-1227.
[5]Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E. etal. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure[J]. N Engl J Med,2005,352:1539-1549.
[6]Pitzalis MV, lacoviello M, Romito R,etal.Cardiac resynchronization therapy tailored by echocardiographic evaluation ventricular asynchrony J Am Coll Cardiol.2002;40(9):1615-22.
[7]Rouleau F, Merheb M, Geffroy S,etal.Echocardiographic assessment of the interventricular delay of activation and correlation to the QRS width in dilated cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol.2001;24(10):1500-6.
[8]智光,阎国辉。超声心动图新技术在心脏再同步治疗中的应用[J].中华超声影像学杂志武警医学,2006,17(12)：883-886.
[9]Ghio S, Constantin C, Klersy C.etal. Interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony are common in heart failure patients,regardless of QRS duration[J].Eur Heart J,2004,25(7):571-578.
[10]Bonakdar HR, Jorat MV, Fazelifar AF.etal.Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy using simple electrocardiographic and echocardiographic tools. Europace.2009 Oct; 11(10):1330-7.
[11]Yu CM, Lin H, Fung WH,etal.Comparison of acute changes in left ventricular volume, systolic and diastolic functions,and intraventricular synchronicity after biventricular and right ventricular pacing for heart failure.Am Heart J.2003:145(5):E18.
[12]Yu CM, Fung WH, Lin H, etal. Predictors of left ventricular reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol.2003;91(6):684-8.
[13]Abraham TP, Nishimura RA, Holmes DR Jr, et al. Strain rate imaging for assessment of regional myocardial function:results from a clinical model of septal ablation.Circulation,2002; 105:1403-6.
[14]Ansalono G, Giannantoni P,Pdcci R.etal. Doppler myocardial imaging in patients with heart failure receiving biventricular pacing treatment. Am Heart J,2001,142(5):881.
[15]Yu CM, ChauE, Sanderson JE, etal, Tissue Doppler echocardiographic evidence of reverse remodeling and improved synchronicity by simultaneously delaying regional contraction after biventricular pacing therapy for heart failure. Circulation,2002,105(4):438-445.
[16]Bax JJ, Molhoek SG vail Erven L, etal. Usefulness of myocardial tissue Doppler echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular dyssynchrony before and after Biventricular pacing in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardial.2003; 91(1):94-97.
[17]Yu CM, Zhang Q, etal. High prevalence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic asynchrony in patients with congestive heart failure and normal QRS duration. Heart,2003,89:54-60.
[18]Sogaard P,Egeblad H, KimWY, etal. Tissue Doppler imaging Predicts improved systolic performance and reversed left ventricular remodeling during long term cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coil Cardiol,2002,40:723-730.
[19]Breithardt OA, Stellbrink C, Kramer AP, etal. Echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular asynchrony Predicts all acute hemodynamic benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coil Cardiol,2002,40:536-545.
[20]Yu CM, Fung JW, Zhang Q, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging is superior to strain rate imaging and post systolic shortening Oil the prediction of revcl"se remodeling in both ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization Therapy. Circulation,2004,110(1):66
[21]Dohi K, Sufoletto MS, Schwartzman D, e al. Utility of Echocardiographic Radial Strain Imaging to Quantify Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Predict Acute Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Am J Cardiol,2005,96(1):112.
[22]Cannesson M, Tanabe M, Sufoletto MS, ct al. Velocity Vector Imaging to Quantify Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Predict Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Am J Cardiol,2006,98(7):949.
[23]Gorcsan J, Kanzaki H, Bazaz R, et al. Usefulness of echocardiographic tissue synchronization imaging to predict acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol,2004, 93(9):1178-1181.
[24]林英,郝力丹,郭瑞强等.实时三维超声心动图和超声斑点追踪技术评价扩张型心脏病左心室收缩同步性.中华超声影像学杂志,2009,25(5)：799-801.
[25]Suffoletto MS, Dohi K, Cannesson M.etal. Novel speckle-tracking radial strain from routine black-and-whiteechocardiographic images to quantify dyssynchrony and predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.Circulation.2006,113(7):960-8.
[26]Zhang Q, Fung JW, Yip GW, et al.Improvement of left ventricular short-axis,but not long-axis function or torsion after cardiac resynchronisation therapy:an assessment by two-dimensional speckle tracking. J Am Coll Cardiol,2007,50 (15):1476-1483.27.
[27]Delgado V, Ypenburg C, van Bommel RJ,.etal. Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony by speckle tracking strain imaging comparison between longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain in cardiac resynchronization therapy.J Am Coll Cardiol.2008,51(20):1944-52.
[28]Cannesson M, Tanabe M, Suffoletto MS, etal.Velocity vector imaging to quantify ventricular dyssynchrony and predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007,20(6):756-63.
[29]段利科,李玲,谢明星.etal.超声三维斑点追踪技术评价慢性心功能不全患者左室旋转及扭转运动的初步研究.中国超声医学杂志,2011,1 (27):30-34.
[30]Nesser HJ, Mor-Avi V, Gorissen W, etal. Quantification of left ventricular volumes using three-dimensional echocardiographic speckle tracking:comparison with MRI. Eur Heart J,2009, 30:1565-1573.
[31]Kang Y, Sun MM, Cui J.etal.Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for the assessmentof left ventricular function and mechanical dyssynchrony.Acta Cardiol.2012 Aug;67(4):423-30.
[32]Zhang Q, Yu CM, Fug J, et al. Assessment of the effect of cardiac resynchmnization therapy on intraventricular mechanical synchronicity by regional volumetric changes.Am J Cardiol, 2005,95(1):126-128.
[33]J.A. van der Heide,M. F. A. Aly,S. A. Kleijn,etal.A new quantification method for mechanical dyssynchrony with three-dimensional echocardiography; segmental time and volume loss for prediction of response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy.Int J Cardiovasc Imaging.2012,28: 1895-1904.
[34]Kleijn SA, Aly MF, Knol DL,etal. Ameta-analysis of left ventricular dyssynchrony assessment and prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy by three-dimensional echocardiography. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging 2012; 13(9):763-775.
[35]Dominique Auger, Matteo Bertini,Nina Ajmone Marsan,etal.Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy combining two different three-dimensional analyses of left ventricular dyssynchrony.Am J Cardiol 2011;108(5):711-717.
[36].Van de Veire, N R; Yu, C-M; Ajmone-Marsan, N;etal.Triplane tissue Doppler imaging:a novel three-dimensional imaging modality that predicts reverse left ventricular remodelling after cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Heart 2008;94(3):e9
[2]Toussaint JF, Lavergen T, Ouitraut J, etal. Biventrieular pacing in severe beam failure patients rev erses electro-mechanical dyssynchronization from apex to base. PACE,2000,23: 1731-1734
[3]Nucifora G, Bertini M, Marsan NA, etal:Impact of left ventricular dyssynchrony early on left ventricular function after first acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol.2010; 105(3):306-311.
[4]Kuznetsova, Tatiana; Bogaert,etal.Association of left ventricular diastolic function with systolic dyssynchrony:a population study.EHJ Cardiovascular Imaging2013) 14 (5):471-479.
[5]Robert Manka,Sebastian Kozerke,Andrea K Rutz,etal.A CMR study of the effects of tissue edema and necrosis on left ventricular dyssynchrony in acute myocardial infarction:implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy.Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2012,14(47).
[6]Elnoamany MF, Badran HM, Abo Elazm TH, etal:Asynchrony of left ventricular systolic performance after the first acute myocardial infarction in patients with narrow QRS complexes: Doppler tissue imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.2006; 19(12):1449-1457.
[7]Turan B, Yilmaz F, Karaahmet T,etal.Role of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Predicting Remodeling after ST elevation Myocardial Infarction.Echocardiography 2012;29:165-172.
[8]杨新娟(综述).心室同步收缩对心功能的影响.中国心血管杂志,2003, 8:70-72.
[9]Galiuto Ignone G DeMariaAN. Contraction and relaxation velocities of normal left ventricle using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol.1998,81(5):.609-614.
[10]Greenbaum RA, HoSY. Left ventrieular fibre architeeture in man. Br Heart J,1981,45: 248-263。
[11]霍勇,高炜主编·心肌梗死·沈阳：沈阳科学技术出版社。2003·150.
[12]Kerwin WF. Botvinick EH, O'Connel JW,etal. Ventricular contraction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy:effect of biventricular pacing to correct interventricular dyssynchrony. J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35:1221-1227.
[13]Rechman AU, D'cruze H.Quantitative echocardiographfic assessment of ventricular shape. Echocardiography,1997,14:171-180.
[14]Kim wY, Sogaard P, Mortensen PT, etal.Three dimensional echocardiography documents hemodynamic improvement by biventricular pacing in patients with severe heart failure. Heart,2001,85:514-520.
[15]Lau CP, Xu CM, Chau E, etal.Reveral of left ventricular remodeling by synchronous biventricular pacing in heart failure. PACE,2000,23:1722-1725.
[16]Renter S, Garfigue S, Bordachar P, etal. Intermediate-term results of biventricular pacing in heart failure:Correlation between clinical and hemodynamic date. PACE,2000,23:1713-1717.
[17]Marti L, McCulloch, Stephen H,etal.Imaging methodology and protocols for three-dimensional echocardiography. Current Opinion in Cardiology,2009,24(1):395-401.
[18]S.A. Kleijn, O. Kamp. Clinical application of three-dimensional echocardiography: past,present and future.Neth Heart J,2009,17(1):18-24.
[19]王瑶,高长青,叶卫华,等.超声心动图实时三平面成像法测量左心室容积的实验研究.中华超声影像学杂志,2006,15(10)：776-779.
[20]刘蓉,邓又斌,刘冰冰,等.实时三平面超声心动图测量左室室壁瘤的左室容积的实验研究临床超声医学杂志,2007,9(11)：644-647.
[21]盛炜,高长青,王瑶,etal.超声心动图实时三平面成像法测量左心室容积的研究.中国医学影像技术.2006,22(11),1694-1696.
[22]龚静吉,谢明星,王新房,等.实时三平面超声心动图测量正常人左心室每搏量的临床研究.中华超声影像学杂志,2006,15(4):247-250.
[23]刘蓉,邓又斌,杨好意,等.实时三平面超声心动图评价扩张型心肌病、冠心病患者左室容积及收缩功能.中国医学影像技术,2007,23(6):862-864.
[24]高瑞锋,张全斌,刘丰,等.实时三平面超声心动图评价心肌梗死患者左心室总体收缩功能的研究.中华超声医学杂志,2012. 9(2)：117-121.
[25]潘永寿,王高兴,秦蕾,等.实时三维超声心动图评价冠心病左室重构及心功能的研究.中国超声医学杂志2008, 24(12): 1090-1093.
[26]Yu CM, Zhang Q, Fung JW, et al. A novel tool to assess systolic asynchrony and identify responders of cardiac resynchmnization therapy by tissue synchronization imaging. J Am Coil Cardiol 2005; 45(5):677-684.
[27]Ali Kazemisaeid,Mehrnaz Rezvanfard,Hakimeh Sadeghian,etal.Comparison between tissue doppler imaging (TDI) and tissue synchronization imaging (TSI) in evaluation of left ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with advanced heart failure. Echocardiogr 2012;29(1):7-12.
[28]Ng, Arnold C. T,Tran, Da T,Allman, Christine, etal. Prognostic implications of left ventricular dyssynchrony early after non-ST elevation myocardial infarction without congestive heart failure.Eur Heart J,2010,31(3):298-308.
[29]Dominique Auger, Matteo Bertini,Nina Ajmone Marsan,etal.Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy combining two different three-dimensional analyses of left ventricular dyssynchrony.Am J Cardiol 2011;108(5):711-717.
[30]Van de Veire, N R; Yu, C-M; Ajmone-Marsan, N;etal.Triplane tissue Doppler imaging:a novel three-dimensional imaging modality that predicts reverse left ventricular remodelling after cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Heart 2008;94(3):e9.
[3]Deshmukh P, Casavant DA,Romanyshyn M. etal.Permanent Direct H is Brindle Pacing:a novel approach to cardic pacing in patents with normal His-Purkinje activation. Circulation,2000, 101:869-877.
[32]Grines CL,Bashore TM.Boudaulas H, etal. Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block. The effect of interventricular asynchrony. Circulation.1989,79:845-853.
[33]Rosenqvist M, IsaazK. Botvinick EH etal. Relative importance of activation sequence compared to atrioventricular synchrony in left ventricular function. Am J cardiol,1991.67: 148-156.
[34]Cui CZ, Yang DY,Fu W, etal.Hemodynamic effects of ventricular contraction sequence by A-V junctional pacing in patients with SSS. J Am Coll Cardiol,1992,19:66A
[35]De Sutter J, De bondt P, De Wiele C, et al. Prevalence of potential candidates for biventricular pacing among patients with known coronary artery disease:a prospective registry from a single center. Pace,2000,23:1718-1721
[37]Toussaint J, Lavergne T, Allitraut J, etal. Biventricular pacing severe heart failure patients reveraea electromechanical dyssynchronization from apex to base. PACE,2000,23:1731-1734.
[38]Kerwin WF,Botvnick EH, Connel JW,etal.Ventricular contraction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy:effect of biventricular pacing to correct Interventricular dyssynchrony. J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35:1221-1227.
[39]Cui CZ, leline Fox,Vincent GM,etal. Effects of ventricular contraction sequence on hemodynamic and wall motion. Pace,1993,16:1559-1569.
[40]D'Cruz,Sharaf IS.Patterns of flow within the dilated cardiomyopathic left ventricle:Color flow Doppler observations. Eehocardiography,1991,8:227-231.
[41]Nucifora G, Bertini M, Marsan NA, etal:Impact of left ventricular dyssynchrony early on left ventricular function after first acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105(3):306-311.
[1]Owan TE, Redfield MM. Epidemiology of diastolic heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis.2005.
[2]华伟,王方正,张澎,等.CRT-D在慢性心力衰竭患者的临床应用。中华心律失常学杂志2006.
[3]Curry CW, Nelson GS, Wyman BT, et al. Myocardial dyssynchrony in dilated cardiomyopathy with intraventricular conduction delay as depicted by 3D logged magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation,2000,101:E2.
[4]Kerw in W F, Bo tvinck EH, O'Connell JW, etal. Ventricular conduction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy:effect of biventricular pacing to correct interventricular dyssynchrony.J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35:1221-1227.
[5]Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E. etal. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure[J]. N Engl J Med,2005,352:1539-1549.
[6]Pitzalis MV, lacoviello M, Romito R,etal.Cardiac resynchronization therapy tailored by echocardiographic evaluation ventricular asynchrony J Am Coll Cardiol.2002;40(9):1615-22.
[7]Rouleau F, Merheb M, Geffroy S,etal.Echocardiographic assessment of the interventricular delay of activation and correlation to the QRS width in dilated cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol.2001;24(10):1500-6.
[8]智光,阎国辉。超声心动图新技术在心脏再同步治疗中的应用[J].中华超声影像学杂志武警医学,2006,17(12)：883-886.
[9]Ghio S, Constantin C, Klersy C.etal. Interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony are common in heart failure patients,regardless of QRS duration[J].Eur Heart J,2004,25(7):571-578.
[10]Bonakdar HR, Jorat MV, Fazelifar AF.etal.Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy using simple electrocardiographic and echocardiographic tools. Europace.2009 Oct; 11(10):1330-7.
[11]Yu CM, Lin H, Fung WH,etal.Comparison of acute changes in left ventricular volume, systolic and diastolic functions,and intraventricular synchronicity after biventricular and right ventricular pacing for heart failure.Am Heart J.2003:145(5):E18.
[12]Yu CM, Fung WH, Lin H, etal. Predictors of left ventricular reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol.2003;91(6):684-8.
[13]Abraham TP, Nishimura RA, Holmes DR Jr, et al. Strain rate imaging for assessment of regional myocardial function:results from a clinical model of septal ablation.Circulation,2002; 105:1403-6.
[14]Ansalono G, Giannantoni P,Pdcci R.etal. Doppler myocardial imaging in patients with heart failure receiving biventricular pacing treatment. Am Heart J,2001,142(5):881.
[15]Yu CM, ChauE, Sanderson JE, etal, Tissue Doppler echocardiographic evidence of reverse remodeling and improved synchronicity by simultaneously delaying regional contraction after biventricular pacing therapy for heart failure. Circulation,2002,105(4):438-445.
[16]Bax JJ, Molhoek SG vail Erven L, etal. Usefulness of myocardial tissue Doppler echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular dyssynchrony before and after Biventricular pacing in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardial.2003; 91(1):94-97.
[17]Yu CM, Zhang Q, etal. High prevalence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic asynchrony in patients with congestive heart failure and normal QRS duration. Heart,2003,89:54-60.
[18]Sogaard P,Egeblad H, KimWY, etal. Tissue Doppler imaging Predicts improved systolic performance and reversed left ventricular remodeling during long term cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coil Cardiol,2002,40:723-730.
[19]Breithardt OA, Stellbrink C, Kramer AP, etal. Echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular asynchrony Predicts all acute hemodynamic benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coil Cardiol,2002,40:536-545.
[20]Yu CM, Fung JW, Zhang Q, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging is superior to strain rate imaging and post systolic shortening Oil the prediction of revcl"se remodeling in both ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization Therapy. Circulation,2004,110(1):66
[21]Dohi K, Sufoletto MS, Schwartzman D, e al. Utility of Echocardiographic Radial Strain Imaging to Quantify Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Predict Acute Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Am J Cardiol,2005,96(1):112.
[22]Cannesson M, Tanabe M, Sufoletto MS, ct al. Velocity Vector Imaging to Quantify Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Predict Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Am J Cardiol,2006,98(7):949.
[23]Gorcsan J, Kanzaki H, Bazaz R, et al. Usefulness of echocardiographic tissue synchronization imaging to predict acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol,2004, 93(9):1178-1181.
[24]林英,郝力丹,郭瑞强等.实时三维超声心动图和超声斑点追踪技术评价扩张型心脏病左心室收缩同步性.中华超声影像学杂志,2009,25(5)：799-801.
[25]Suffoletto MS, Dohi K, Cannesson M.etal. Novel speckle-tracking radial strain from routine black-and-whiteechocardiographic images to quantify dyssynchrony and predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.Circulation.2006,113(7):960-8.
[26]Zhang Q, Fung JW, Yip GW, et al.Improvement of left ventricular short-axis,but not long-axis function or torsion after cardiac resynchronisation therapy:an assessment by two-dimensional speckle tracking. J Am Coll Cardiol,2007,50 (15):1476-1483.27.
[27]Delgado V, Ypenburg C, van Bommel RJ,.etal. Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony by speckle tracking strain imaging comparison between longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain in cardiac resynchronization therapy.J Am Coll Cardiol.2008,51(20):1944-52.
[28]Cannesson M, Tanabe M, Suffoletto MS, etal.Velocity vector imaging to quantify ventricular dyssynchrony and predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007,20(6):756-63.
[29]段利科,李玲,谢明星.etal.超声三维斑点追踪技术评价慢性心功能不全患者左室旋转及扭转运动的初步研究.中国超声医学杂志,2011,1 (27):30-34.
[30]Nesser HJ, Mor-Avi V, Gorissen W, etal. Quantification of left ventricular volumes using three-dimensional echocardiographic speckle tracking:comparison with MRI. Eur Heart J,2009, 30:1565-1573.
[31]Kang Y, Sun MM, Cui J.etal.Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for the assessmentof left ventricular function and mechanical dyssynchrony.Acta Cardiol.2012 Aug;67(4):423-30.
[32]Zhang Q, Yu CM, Fug J, et al. Assessment of the effect of cardiac resynchmnization therapy on intraventricular mechanical synchronicity by regional volumetric changes.Am J Cardiol, 2005,95(1):126-128.
[33]J.A. van der Heide,M. F. A. Aly,S. A. Kleijn,etal.A new quantification method for mechanical dyssynchrony with three-dimensional echocardiography; segmental time and volume loss for prediction of response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy.Int J Cardiovasc Imaging.2012,28: 1895-1904.
[34]Kleijn SA, Aly MF, Knol DL,etal. Ameta-analysis of left ventricular dyssynchrony assessment and prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy by three-dimensional echocardiography. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging 2012; 13(9):763-775.
[35]Dominique Auger, Matteo Bertini,Nina Ajmone Marsan,etal.Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy combining two different three-dimensional analyses of left ventricular dyssynchrony.Am J Cardiol 2011;108(5):711-717.
[36].Van de Veire, N R; Yu, C-M; Ajmone-Marsan, N;etal.Triplane tissue Doppler imaging:a novel three-dimensional imaging modality that predicts reverse left ventricular remodelling after cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Heart 2008;94(3):e9