中国部分地区腐生子囊菌种类与分布的初步研究
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摘要
腐生子囊菌是重要的真菌资源,一直是国际真菌学家们研究的对象。我国地域辽阔,真菌资源丰富,但与发达国家相比,腐生子囊菌的调查和研究却非常滞后。为了逐步搞清腐生子囊菌的种类与分布,丰富我国的真菌资源研究,我们对我国部分地区的腐生子囊菌进行了调查、采集、鉴定、分离和保藏,以期丰富我国真菌多样性的内容,为腐生真菌资源的开发利用奠定了基础。
2007-2009年间,选择安徽黄山(石门峡、九龙瀑、慈光阁)、福建武夷山(虎笑崖、一线天、青龙瀑、龙川大峡谷、王龙谷)、吉林长白山、山东沂蒙山和昆嵛山(三林场、九龙池)、湖北神农架、四川(蟠龙、九寨沟、黄龙)、海南儋州、云南昆明和勐腊等地,采集植物枯枝、落叶、树皮等1200余份标本,采用直接检查法和湿室诱培法检查和鉴定出3纲9目17科23属38种真菌,其中包括中国新记录属2个、新记录种19个、待定种6个。本文对每个属种的建立、演变历史、属级特征、分布地点、最新分类近况、无性态及其相似属种进行了详细描述和讨论,并附有形态照片。具体结果如下：
中国新记录属：Phaeochora、Isthmiella。
中国新记录种：Didymosphaeria dimastospora、Leptosphaeria brightonensis、Leptosphaeria millefolii、Leptosphaeria suffulta、Massarinula dendroclami、Massarinula gloeospora、Phaeosphaeria humerata、Phaeosphaeria marciensis、Massariosphaeria mosana、Anthostomella calamicola、Anthostomella nitidissima、Anthostomella rhaphidophylli、Anthostomella smilacis、Anthostomella tenaciis、Anthostomella tomicoides、Rosellinia sublimbata、Phaeochora steinheilii、Melanopsamma pomiformis、Isthmiella abietis。
中国已报道属：隔孢球壳属Didymosphaeria、小球腔菌属Leptosphaeria、扁孔腔菌属Lophiostoma、Massarinula、Astrosphaeriella、亚鸭嘴菌属Schizostoma、暗球腔菌属Phaeosphaeria、双色隔孢腔菌属Phragmogibbera、葡萄座腔菌属Botryosphaeria、Gloniella、Rhytidhysteron、黑团球壳腔菌属Massariosphaeria、碗座属Nitschkia、锥毛壳属Coniochaeta、圆孔壳菌属Amphisphaeria、假蕉孢壳属Diatrypella、Collodiscula、小花口壳属Anthostomella、炭团菌属Hypoxylon、座坚壳属Rosellinia、Melanopsamma。
中国已报道种：Leptosphaeria macrospora、短扁孔腔菌Lophiostoma curtum、扁凸裂嘴壳Schizostoma vicinum、Phragmogibbera herbicola、Gloniella bambusae、Rhytidhysteron hysterinum、Nitschkia confertula、Coniochaeta sordaria、星形圆孔壳菌Amphisphaeria stellata、Diatrypella favacea、Collodiscula japonica、Hypoxylon perforatum、乳头座坚壳Rosellinia mammiformis、柄座坚壳Rosellinia tienpinensis。
Saprophytic ascomycetes are important biodiversity components in fungi. The quantity of saprophytic ascomycetes reported from China is far away from that in the world though our country possessing vast territory. To carry out the investigation of diversity on saprophytic ascomycetes of China,the main purposes of the present thesis are to study on species and distribution of saprophytic ascomycetes in parts of China. At the same time, saprophytic ascomycetes were examined, isolated and preserved for the further use of saprophytic ascomycetes resources.
About 1200 stems,leaves,tree barkes of plants were collected from Mt.Huang (Shimen gorge, Jiulong waterfall, Ciguang pavilion), Wuyi Mountain (Huxiao precipice, Yixiantian, Qinglong waterfall, Longchuan gorge, Wanglong valley), Changbai Mountain, Yimeng Mountain,Kunyu Mountain(Sanlin field, Jiulong pool), Yichang and Sichuan during 2007 to 2008.The specimens were brought back to the laboratory in the sterile plastic bags and were examined directly while they were still fresh and moist under stereo-microscope or incubated in the moist boxes.3 classes 9 orders 17 familfes 23 genera and 38 species of saprophytic ascomycetes were identified. Among them,2 taxa were regarded as new genera recorded for China,19 taxa were regarded as the new recorded species for China,14 taxa had been reported in China, and 3 taxa were unidentified species. The generic establishment, evolution history, characteristics, distribution locality and latest classification, anamorph and related species were described and discussed detailedly.
New recorded genera:Phaeochora,Isthmiella.
New recorded species:Didymosphaeria dimastospora, Leptosphaeria brightonensis, Leptosphaeria millefolii, Leptosphaeria suffulta, Massarinula dendroclami, Massarinula gloeospora, Phaeosphaeria humerata, Phaeosphaeria marciensis, Massariosphaeria mosana, Anthostomella calamicola, Anthostomella nitidissima, Anthostomella rhaphidophylli, Anthostomella smilacis, Anthostomella tenacis, Anthostomella tomicoides, Rosellinia sublimbata, Phaeochora steinheilii, Melanopsamma pomiformis, Isthmiella abietis.
Genera have been previously reported from China:Didymosphaeria, Leptosphaeria, Lophiostoma, Massarinula, Astrosphaeriella, Schizostoma, Phaeosphaeria, Phragmogibbera, Botryosphaeria, Gloniella, Rhytidhysteron, Massariosphaeria, Nitschkia, Coniochaeta, Amphisphaeria, Diatrypella, Collodiscula, Anthostomella, Hypoxylon, Rosellinia, Melanopsamma.
Species have been previously reported from China:Leptosphaeria macrospora, Lophiostoma curtum, Schizostoma vicinum, Phragmogibbera herbicola, Gloniella bambusae, Rhytidhysteron hysterinum, Nitschkia confertula, Coniochaeta sordaria, Amphisphaeria stellata, Diatrypella favacea, Collodiscula japonica,Hypoxylon perforatum, Rosellinia mammiformis, Rosellinia tienpinensis.
2007-2009年间,选择安徽黄山(石门峡、九龙瀑、慈光阁)、福建武夷山(虎笑崖、一线天、青龙瀑、龙川大峡谷、王龙谷)、吉林长白山、山东沂蒙山和昆嵛山(三林场、九龙池)、湖北神农架、四川(蟠龙、九寨沟、黄龙)、海南儋州、云南昆明和勐腊等地,采集植物枯枝、落叶、树皮等1200余份标本,采用直接检查法和湿室诱培法检查和鉴定出3纲9目17科23属38种真菌,其中包括中国新记录属2个、新记录种19个、待定种6个。本文对每个属种的建立、演变历史、属级特征、分布地点、最新分类近况、无性态及其相似属种进行了详细描述和讨论,并附有形态照片。具体结果如下：
中国新记录属：Phaeochora、Isthmiella。
中国新记录种：Didymosphaeria dimastospora、Leptosphaeria brightonensis、Leptosphaeria millefolii、Leptosphaeria suffulta、Massarinula dendroclami、Massarinula gloeospora、Phaeosphaeria humerata、Phaeosphaeria marciensis、Massariosphaeria mosana、Anthostomella calamicola、Anthostomella nitidissima、Anthostomella rhaphidophylli、Anthostomella smilacis、Anthostomella tenaciis、Anthostomella tomicoides、Rosellinia sublimbata、Phaeochora steinheilii、Melanopsamma pomiformis、Isthmiella abietis。
中国已报道属：隔孢球壳属Didymosphaeria、小球腔菌属Leptosphaeria、扁孔腔菌属Lophiostoma、Massarinula、Astrosphaeriella、亚鸭嘴菌属Schizostoma、暗球腔菌属Phaeosphaeria、双色隔孢腔菌属Phragmogibbera、葡萄座腔菌属Botryosphaeria、Gloniella、Rhytidhysteron、黑团球壳腔菌属Massariosphaeria、碗座属Nitschkia、锥毛壳属Coniochaeta、圆孔壳菌属Amphisphaeria、假蕉孢壳属Diatrypella、Collodiscula、小花口壳属Anthostomella、炭团菌属Hypoxylon、座坚壳属Rosellinia、Melanopsamma。
中国已报道种：Leptosphaeria macrospora、短扁孔腔菌Lophiostoma curtum、扁凸裂嘴壳Schizostoma vicinum、Phragmogibbera herbicola、Gloniella bambusae、Rhytidhysteron hysterinum、Nitschkia confertula、Coniochaeta sordaria、星形圆孔壳菌Amphisphaeria stellata、Diatrypella favacea、Collodiscula japonica、Hypoxylon perforatum、乳头座坚壳Rosellinia mammiformis、柄座坚壳Rosellinia tienpinensis。
Saprophytic ascomycetes are important biodiversity components in fungi. The quantity of saprophytic ascomycetes reported from China is far away from that in the world though our country possessing vast territory. To carry out the investigation of diversity on saprophytic ascomycetes of China,the main purposes of the present thesis are to study on species and distribution of saprophytic ascomycetes in parts of China. At the same time, saprophytic ascomycetes were examined, isolated and preserved for the further use of saprophytic ascomycetes resources.
About 1200 stems,leaves,tree barkes of plants were collected from Mt.Huang (Shimen gorge, Jiulong waterfall, Ciguang pavilion), Wuyi Mountain (Huxiao precipice, Yixiantian, Qinglong waterfall, Longchuan gorge, Wanglong valley), Changbai Mountain, Yimeng Mountain,Kunyu Mountain(Sanlin field, Jiulong pool), Yichang and Sichuan during 2007 to 2008.The specimens were brought back to the laboratory in the sterile plastic bags and were examined directly while they were still fresh and moist under stereo-microscope or incubated in the moist boxes.3 classes 9 orders 17 familfes 23 genera and 38 species of saprophytic ascomycetes were identified. Among them,2 taxa were regarded as new genera recorded for China,19 taxa were regarded as the new recorded species for China,14 taxa had been reported in China, and 3 taxa were unidentified species. The generic establishment, evolution history, characteristics, distribution locality and latest classification, anamorph and related species were described and discussed detailedly.
New recorded genera:Phaeochora,Isthmiella.
New recorded species:Didymosphaeria dimastospora, Leptosphaeria brightonensis, Leptosphaeria millefolii, Leptosphaeria suffulta, Massarinula dendroclami, Massarinula gloeospora, Phaeosphaeria humerata, Phaeosphaeria marciensis, Massariosphaeria mosana, Anthostomella calamicola, Anthostomella nitidissima, Anthostomella rhaphidophylli, Anthostomella smilacis, Anthostomella tenacis, Anthostomella tomicoides, Rosellinia sublimbata, Phaeochora steinheilii, Melanopsamma pomiformis, Isthmiella abietis.
Genera have been previously reported from China:Didymosphaeria, Leptosphaeria, Lophiostoma, Massarinula, Astrosphaeriella, Schizostoma, Phaeosphaeria, Phragmogibbera, Botryosphaeria, Gloniella, Rhytidhysteron, Massariosphaeria, Nitschkia, Coniochaeta, Amphisphaeria, Diatrypella, Collodiscula, Anthostomella, Hypoxylon, Rosellinia, Melanopsamma.
Species have been previously reported from China:Leptosphaeria macrospora, Lophiostoma curtum, Schizostoma vicinum, Phragmogibbera herbicola, Gloniella bambusae, Rhytidhysteron hysterinum, Nitschkia confertula, Coniochaeta sordaria, Amphisphaeria stellata, Diatrypella favacea, Collodiscula japonica,Hypoxylon perforatum, Rosellinia mammiformis, Rosellinia tienpinensis.
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