可视化地震资料解释系统的研究与开发
|
摘要
地震资料解释系统是专门为解释地震资料的地质内容而设计的,是地质勘探领域不可缺少的解释工具。传统的地震解释都局限于二维的表达方式,对理解地质形态造成了困难。可视化技术的出现为其研究提供了新的途径,它能充分利用地震信息,以直观的三维图形对各种复杂数据场进行描述,并且解释速度快、精度高,成为研究油藏构造和隐蔽性油气藏储层的有效手段之一。
首先,对地震资料解释系统的现状、国内外发展方向以及课题的研究意义进行综述,分析了解释系统中的关键技术。
其次,从地震数据的研究入手,阐述了数据的采集过程、数据格式及其转换过程。通过读取地震数据,并借助OpenGL实现了地震资料的可视化,可以定制二维、三维立体显示等,使解释人员能直观地理解地质构造走向。在地层解释部分,研究地震层位解释的一般方法,并采用种子点引导的方法对三维层面进行自动追踪,结果表明该方法比传统方法解释速度快、精度高。在断层解释中,分析了相干技术及其三代相干算法,并应用改进的相干算法进行实验,效果图上断层清晰可见。对于断层两侧层位连续性的判定,采用了BP神经网络方法进行识别,训练结果与已知情况一致,可以使用该方法进行断层层位的推断。
最后,以VC++为开发工具,分别从地震数据管理、数据可视化、地震地层解释、断层解释四个方面对地震资料解释系统进行了设计与开发,实现了预期的功能,并对解释系统的进一步研究作以展望。
The system of seismic data interpretation is designed for explaining the geology details. it can quickly discover the geologic abnormal situation. The traditional two-dimensional method can not satisfy the interpretation need, it makes difficult to know the geological conditions. The visualization technique can fully use the 3D seismic information to describe each kind of complex data and relations by the 3D graphics which people understand easily, so the technique becomes one of effective methods to describe the structural problems of complex fault blocks and the storage of hiding oil field.
Firstly, it is carried on the comprehensive summary to the present situation of this seismic data interpretation system and the domestic and foreign development direction. The meanings of this research are analyzed in details and several key technologies of system are researched.
Secondly, the seismic data is analyzed, the data gathering process, the data format and the switching process has been introduced in this paper. Through read the seismic data and draws support from OpenGL to achieve the seismic data visualization, you can choose the method such as two dimensional and three dimensional displays and so on, so the personnel can understand the geologic structure trend intuitively. In the strata explanation part, the general method of the seismic explanation has been studied, and the automatic trace by the seed guidance has been carried out, the result demonstrated this method is better than the old one, because it has higher speed and more precision. In the fault interpretation, the coherence technique and its three generation algorithms has analyzed, and use the improvement algorithm carries on the experiment, the result of fault demonstration is obvious. Regarding the both sides position of the fault, used the BP neural network method to carry on the recognition, the training result is consistent with the known situation, so we can use this method to conclude the fault position.
Finally, this interpretation system has been designed and developed from four modules by VC++ 6.0. They are seismic data management, data visualization, strata interpretation and fault interpretation. The anticipated function has been realized, and then the further research of interpretation system has been forecasted.
首先,对地震资料解释系统的现状、国内外发展方向以及课题的研究意义进行综述,分析了解释系统中的关键技术。
其次,从地震数据的研究入手,阐述了数据的采集过程、数据格式及其转换过程。通过读取地震数据,并借助OpenGL实现了地震资料的可视化,可以定制二维、三维立体显示等,使解释人员能直观地理解地质构造走向。在地层解释部分,研究地震层位解释的一般方法,并采用种子点引导的方法对三维层面进行自动追踪,结果表明该方法比传统方法解释速度快、精度高。在断层解释中,分析了相干技术及其三代相干算法,并应用改进的相干算法进行实验,效果图上断层清晰可见。对于断层两侧层位连续性的判定,采用了BP神经网络方法进行识别,训练结果与已知情况一致,可以使用该方法进行断层层位的推断。
最后,以VC++为开发工具,分别从地震数据管理、数据可视化、地震地层解释、断层解释四个方面对地震资料解释系统进行了设计与开发,实现了预期的功能,并对解释系统的进一步研究作以展望。
The system of seismic data interpretation is designed for explaining the geology details. it can quickly discover the geologic abnormal situation. The traditional two-dimensional method can not satisfy the interpretation need, it makes difficult to know the geological conditions. The visualization technique can fully use the 3D seismic information to describe each kind of complex data and relations by the 3D graphics which people understand easily, so the technique becomes one of effective methods to describe the structural problems of complex fault blocks and the storage of hiding oil field.
Firstly, it is carried on the comprehensive summary to the present situation of this seismic data interpretation system and the domestic and foreign development direction. The meanings of this research are analyzed in details and several key technologies of system are researched.
Secondly, the seismic data is analyzed, the data gathering process, the data format and the switching process has been introduced in this paper. Through read the seismic data and draws support from OpenGL to achieve the seismic data visualization, you can choose the method such as two dimensional and three dimensional displays and so on, so the personnel can understand the geologic structure trend intuitively. In the strata explanation part, the general method of the seismic explanation has been studied, and the automatic trace by the seed guidance has been carried out, the result demonstrated this method is better than the old one, because it has higher speed and more precision. In the fault interpretation, the coherence technique and its three generation algorithms has analyzed, and use the improvement algorithm carries on the experiment, the result of fault demonstration is obvious. Regarding the both sides position of the fault, used the BP neural network method to carry on the recognition, the training result is consistent with the known situation, so we can use this method to conclude the fault position.
Finally, this interpretation system has been designed and developed from four modules by VC++ 6.0. They are seismic data management, data visualization, strata interpretation and fault interpretation. The anticipated function has been realized, and then the further research of interpretation system has been forecasted.
引文
[1] 陈小宏,易维启.时移地震油藏监测技术研究.北京:勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1): 3~5
[2] 李兰斌.开发地震技术及其进展.河南石油,2000,14(5):35~39
[3] Geoffrey A. Dorn,杨勤勇译.现代三维地震解释.石油物探译丛,1999,1:8~18
[4] 陆孟基.地震勘探原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社,1991,226~230
[5] 宋端智,张爱敏,贾皓丽,许永忠.基于微机的三维地震资料可视化系统研究.中国矿业 大学学报,2002,31(2):194~197
[6] 朱海龙.地震资料可视化解释的研究应用现状.石油物探译丛,1999,10:4~6
[7] Ronald W Ward.未来地球物理技术的发展趋势—美国国家石油委员会委员的观点. The Leading Edge,1996,15(6)
[8] 王咸彬,曹辉.真(全)三维构造解释技术初探.石油物探,2000,39(2)
[9] Chris H.Chapan. Fundamentals of seismic propagation. Earth-Science Reviews,1999,44: 96~102
[10] 陈茂山.第三代油气勘探资料解释系统发展过程中的挑战与机遇.石油地球物理勘探 探,2001,36(4):110~115
[11] 陆孟基.《地震勘探原理》(下册).石油大学出版社,1993:82~90
[12]Thomas E.Vinson. A new look at 3D seismic interpretation. JPT,1996,6:188~192
[13]SEG 网站. Technical standards. 2003-2004, http://www.seg.org
[14] 李捷,王辉,肖佃师,李占东.基于微机的三维地震资料可视化系统的数据格式及数据 存取.大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(6):25~28
[15] G.D.kidd.Fundamentals of 3-D seismic volume visualization. TLE 1999,18(6):29~33 [16] Bruce S.Hart.Definition of subsurface stratigraphy, structure and Rock properties from 3-D seismic data. The Leading EDGE,1998,9:92~95
[17] 关达,付强.地震解释技术新进展.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(12):368~370
[18] 张爱印,邱兆泰,鲍五堂,台立勋.三维可视化技术在地震资料解释中的研究与应用.中国煤田地质,2006,18(4):53~55
[19]Doug Stoner. 3-D Visualization technology application: complex-structure interpretation. JPT,1997(4):96~102
[20] 杨梦岩,常德双,孙忠等.可视化技术与全三维地震解释方法.石油物探,2002,41(增刊): 381~382
[21]Dorn G. Visualization in 3D seismic interpretation.TLE,1995(10):39~41
[22] 张永华.三维地震资料综合解释方法探讨.石油物探,2004,43(1):49~52
[23] 程建远,何文欣等.三维地震资料的精细解释技术.煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(6):56~57
[24] Shepard D.A two dimensional interpolation function for irregularly spaced data. Proceeding of ACM 23rd National Conference,1999:517~524
[25] Gordon W J,Wixom J A.Shepard’s method of metric interpolation to bivariate and mul- tivariate interpolation. Mathematics of Computation,2002,32,(14):253~262
[26] 王咸彬.全三维储层解释技术及其应用.石油物探,2003,42,(4):481~482
[27] Oliver MA,Webster R.Kriging:a method of interpolation for geographical information system.Journal of Geophysics Research,2001,78:905~908
[28] 佘德平,曹辉.相干数据及其在三维地震解释中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(12):71~75
[29] Mike S.Bahorich 等.应用三维相干性进行地层和构造解释.《SEG 第 65 界年会论文集》,石油工业出版社,1996
[30] 李正文等.地震勘探资料解释.地质出版社,1998
[31] Hou Bogang, Wuda Bala. Seismic coherence cube technology and its application.Geos- cience,1999, 13(1):123~124
[32] 孙夕平,杜世通,汤磊.相干体技术研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):245~261
[33] 刘进,李绍虎.断层的三维可视化建模研究.吉林大学学报,2004,34(10):408~411
[34] Houlding S W.3-D Geoscience Modeling-Computer Techniques for Geological characterization.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1994:33~36
[35] Egan S S. Computer modeling and visualization of the structural deformation caused by movement along geological faults.Computers And Geosciences,1999,25(3):51~53
[36] 张延章,韩品龙,池永红,牟智全,何滨,刘国权.地震相干技术的应用及效果分析.中国海上油气,2003,17(3):215~217
[37] WU Qiang, XU Hua. An approach to computer modeling and visualization of geological faults in 3D. Computers and Geosciences,2003,29(3):151~155
[38] BAHORICH M,FARMER S.3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and strata graphic features:The coherence cubs.The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):72~73
[39] 张军华,王永刚,赵勇,马永利,侯伯刚.相干体技术算法的改进及其在 TJH 地区的应用.物探与化探,2002,26(1):50~52
[40] 罗振丽,张爱敏,丁在宇.相干体技术和图像处理技术在检测断层中的应用.中国 煤田地质,2004,16(3):210~212
[41] 张幼蒂,李新春,韩万林,张瑞新.综合集成化人工智能技术及其矿业应用.江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2004:6~8
[42] Erik Finnstrom, Rolf Helland. Virtual reality-adding value to exploration and production. Communication of the ACM,2004,20(10):693~694
[2] 李兰斌.开发地震技术及其进展.河南石油,2000,14(5):35~39
[3] Geoffrey A. Dorn,杨勤勇译.现代三维地震解释.石油物探译丛,1999,1:8~18
[4] 陆孟基.地震勘探原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社,1991,226~230
[5] 宋端智,张爱敏,贾皓丽,许永忠.基于微机的三维地震资料可视化系统研究.中国矿业 大学学报,2002,31(2):194~197
[6] 朱海龙.地震资料可视化解释的研究应用现状.石油物探译丛,1999,10:4~6
[7] Ronald W Ward.未来地球物理技术的发展趋势—美国国家石油委员会委员的观点. The Leading Edge,1996,15(6)
[8] 王咸彬,曹辉.真(全)三维构造解释技术初探.石油物探,2000,39(2)
[9] Chris H.Chapan. Fundamentals of seismic propagation. Earth-Science Reviews,1999,44: 96~102
[10] 陈茂山.第三代油气勘探资料解释系统发展过程中的挑战与机遇.石油地球物理勘探 探,2001,36(4):110~115
[11] 陆孟基.《地震勘探原理》(下册).石油大学出版社,1993:82~90
[12]Thomas E.Vinson. A new look at 3D seismic interpretation. JPT,1996,6:188~192
[13]SEG 网站. Technical standards. 2003-2004, http://www.seg.org
[14] 李捷,王辉,肖佃师,李占东.基于微机的三维地震资料可视化系统的数据格式及数据 存取.大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(6):25~28
[15] G.D.kidd.Fundamentals of 3-D seismic volume visualization. TLE 1999,18(6):29~33 [16] Bruce S.Hart.Definition of subsurface stratigraphy, structure and Rock properties from 3-D seismic data. The Leading EDGE,1998,9:92~95
[17] 关达,付强.地震解释技术新进展.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(12):368~370
[18] 张爱印,邱兆泰,鲍五堂,台立勋.三维可视化技术在地震资料解释中的研究与应用.中国煤田地质,2006,18(4):53~55
[19]Doug Stoner. 3-D Visualization technology application: complex-structure interpretation. JPT,1997(4):96~102
[20] 杨梦岩,常德双,孙忠等.可视化技术与全三维地震解释方法.石油物探,2002,41(增刊): 381~382
[21]Dorn G. Visualization in 3D seismic interpretation.TLE,1995(10):39~41
[22] 张永华.三维地震资料综合解释方法探讨.石油物探,2004,43(1):49~52
[23] 程建远,何文欣等.三维地震资料的精细解释技术.煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(6):56~57
[24] Shepard D.A two dimensional interpolation function for irregularly spaced data. Proceeding of ACM 23rd National Conference,1999:517~524
[25] Gordon W J,Wixom J A.Shepard’s method of metric interpolation to bivariate and mul- tivariate interpolation. Mathematics of Computation,2002,32,(14):253~262
[26] 王咸彬.全三维储层解释技术及其应用.石油物探,2003,42,(4):481~482
[27] Oliver MA,Webster R.Kriging:a method of interpolation for geographical information system.Journal of Geophysics Research,2001,78:905~908
[28] 佘德平,曹辉.相干数据及其在三维地震解释中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(12):71~75
[29] Mike S.Bahorich 等.应用三维相干性进行地层和构造解释.《SEG 第 65 界年会论文集》,石油工业出版社,1996
[30] 李正文等.地震勘探资料解释.地质出版社,1998
[31] Hou Bogang, Wuda Bala. Seismic coherence cube technology and its application.Geos- cience,1999, 13(1):123~124
[32] 孙夕平,杜世通,汤磊.相干体技术研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):245~261
[33] 刘进,李绍虎.断层的三维可视化建模研究.吉林大学学报,2004,34(10):408~411
[34] Houlding S W.3-D Geoscience Modeling-Computer Techniques for Geological characterization.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1994:33~36
[35] Egan S S. Computer modeling and visualization of the structural deformation caused by movement along geological faults.Computers And Geosciences,1999,25(3):51~53
[36] 张延章,韩品龙,池永红,牟智全,何滨,刘国权.地震相干技术的应用及效果分析.中国海上油气,2003,17(3):215~217
[37] WU Qiang, XU Hua. An approach to computer modeling and visualization of geological faults in 3D. Computers and Geosciences,2003,29(3):151~155
[38] BAHORICH M,FARMER S.3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and strata graphic features:The coherence cubs.The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):72~73
[39] 张军华,王永刚,赵勇,马永利,侯伯刚.相干体技术算法的改进及其在 TJH 地区的应用.物探与化探,2002,26(1):50~52
[40] 罗振丽,张爱敏,丁在宇.相干体技术和图像处理技术在检测断层中的应用.中国 煤田地质,2004,16(3):210~212
[41] 张幼蒂,李新春,韩万林,张瑞新.综合集成化人工智能技术及其矿业应用.江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2004:6~8
[42] Erik Finnstrom, Rolf Helland. Virtual reality-adding value to exploration and production. Communication of the ACM,2004,20(10):693~694