东辛油田东营组油藏形成机制和油气聚集研究
摘要
东辛油田经历了多次构造运动和复杂的地质发展历史，在多种应力方式和应力场的作用下成生和发展，以断裂发育、油气藏类型丰富而著称，并极具复杂性。多年的勘探实践证实研究区几乎所有的油气圈闭均与断层有关，为此本论文目的是阐明研究区东营组断层的构造特征和演化，预测断层封闭性以及对油气富集的控制和影响，为揭示研究区油气富集规律和有利地区预测奠定基础。
本论文以构造地质学、石油地质学、测井地质学和岩石力学的理论为指导，综合应用地质、地震、测井和油藏工程等多种信息和计算机手段，定性和定量相结合，工作中首先从区域地质概况的研究入手，在构造特征及断裂体系研究的基础上，指出东辛油田的构造演化受到走滑和伸展作用的双重控制，同时在膏盐层拱张力的作用下，使这一地区的断裂展布极为复杂，进一步决定了断层发育具有长期性、继承性和同生性的特点；尽管各断层的产生期不同，但结束时期基本相近；断层具有运移和封闭油气的双重属性，它们是一对矛盾的统一体；研究区断层对油气的疏导作用受到构造条件、断层在油气运移期的活动规律、关键时刻断层的活动强度以及断块的翘倾作用所控制；断块的封堵能力与主应力性质、大小、方向、断层两侧的界岩关系、泥岩沾污因子以及断层活动期与油气运移期的配置关系等因素有关；研究区不仅不同时期断层封闭性存在差异，即使是同一时期同一断层平面上的不同部位、纵向上的不同深度，封闭程度也表现出很大不同，因此断层封闭性具时空差异性；现今断层的封闭性优于Ng末期断层的封堵性，并对油气的保存以及油柱高度的最终定型具有重要意义；断层封闭史的研究可以较好地揭示油气的成藏过程，而断层封闭性模糊综合评判方法可以较好地表示各因素影响断层封闭性的综合效应；断层封闭性的综合研究表明，弧形断层、多组断裂的复合部位以及断层转换带附近断层封闭性较强，也是本区东营组进一步勘探的潜力所在。
Dongxin oilfield has undergone several tectonic movements and witnessed a complex geology history. Created and developing in a complicated stress field, it has a reputation of growing factures and abundant pools. Years of practical exploration affirm that almost all traps are related with faults in this area. The purpose of the paper is to expound the tectonic characters and evolution of faults of Dongying formation, further to predict the fault sealing properties, their dominance over and effect on oil/gas accumulation, and then to unveil the laws of oil/gas distribution.
Instructed by the theory of tectonics, petroleum geology, logging geology and lithology mechanics, this thesis comprehensively applies multi-information of geology, seismic, logging and reservoir engineering as well as computer technology to study the tectonic characters and fault system in the research zone. It put forward that the tectonic evolution in Dongxin oilfield is controlled by extension and strike-slip action. Furthermore, this zone is full of complicated faults, which determine the enduring, succession and the common characters of the fault development. Despite the producing time of the faults is different, their ending time is close. Being a self- contradictory unity, fault has dual functions of closing the oil and gas and carrier. Faults in research zone are controlled by the tectonic conditions, fault's active regulation in carrying time, active intensity of key time fault and the up warping faults. The ability of the faults to plug is relative to the main-tension attribute, size, direction, relation-ship between the rocks aside the fault, dirty component of mudstone, the relationship of the time of fault activity and carrying time of oil etc. In research zone not only is the faults' sealing ability of different time various, but the same is the sealing ability at different depth, even they formed in different spot of same time and same place. So the fault sealing property has time-space difference. The sealing property of present formation is superior to that of Ng end, so it has important meaning to the conservation of oil and gas and the determination of ultimate oil height. The studying of fault sealing history can illustrate the accumulating process clearly and the misty synthesize evaluation to the fault sealing can reveal the jointly influence of all factors to it. Through comprehensive research of the fault sealing property, it is known that the fault closing of radial fault, uniting position of sets faults and the region surrounding the fault transitional zone is good, so it is the potential zone of the further exploration of Dongying formation.
本论文以构造地质学、石油地质学、测井地质学和岩石力学的理论为指导，综合应用地质、地震、测井和油藏工程等多种信息和计算机手段，定性和定量相结合，工作中首先从区域地质概况的研究入手，在构造特征及断裂体系研究的基础上，指出东辛油田的构造演化受到走滑和伸展作用的双重控制，同时在膏盐层拱张力的作用下，使这一地区的断裂展布极为复杂，进一步决定了断层发育具有长期性、继承性和同生性的特点；尽管各断层的产生期不同，但结束时期基本相近；断层具有运移和封闭油气的双重属性，它们是一对矛盾的统一体；研究区断层对油气的疏导作用受到构造条件、断层在油气运移期的活动规律、关键时刻断层的活动强度以及断块的翘倾作用所控制；断块的封堵能力与主应力性质、大小、方向、断层两侧的界岩关系、泥岩沾污因子以及断层活动期与油气运移期的配置关系等因素有关；研究区不仅不同时期断层封闭性存在差异，即使是同一时期同一断层平面上的不同部位、纵向上的不同深度，封闭程度也表现出很大不同，因此断层封闭性具时空差异性；现今断层的封闭性优于Ng末期断层的封堵性，并对油气的保存以及油柱高度的最终定型具有重要意义；断层封闭史的研究可以较好地揭示油气的成藏过程，而断层封闭性模糊综合评判方法可以较好地表示各因素影响断层封闭性的综合效应；断层封闭性的综合研究表明，弧形断层、多组断裂的复合部位以及断层转换带附近断层封闭性较强，也是本区东营组进一步勘探的潜力所在。
Dongxin oilfield has undergone several tectonic movements and witnessed a complex geology history. Created and developing in a complicated stress field, it has a reputation of growing factures and abundant pools. Years of practical exploration affirm that almost all traps are related with faults in this area. The purpose of the paper is to expound the tectonic characters and evolution of faults of Dongying formation, further to predict the fault sealing properties, their dominance over and effect on oil/gas accumulation, and then to unveil the laws of oil/gas distribution.
Instructed by the theory of tectonics, petroleum geology, logging geology and lithology mechanics, this thesis comprehensively applies multi-information of geology, seismic, logging and reservoir engineering as well as computer technology to study the tectonic characters and fault system in the research zone. It put forward that the tectonic evolution in Dongxin oilfield is controlled by extension and strike-slip action. Furthermore, this zone is full of complicated faults, which determine the enduring, succession and the common characters of the fault development. Despite the producing time of the faults is different, their ending time is close. Being a self- contradictory unity, fault has dual functions of closing the oil and gas and carrier. Faults in research zone are controlled by the tectonic conditions, fault's active regulation in carrying time, active intensity of key time fault and the up warping faults. The ability of the faults to plug is relative to the main-tension attribute, size, direction, relation-ship between the rocks aside the fault, dirty component of mudstone, the relationship of the time of fault activity and carrying time of oil etc. In research zone not only is the faults' sealing ability of different time various, but the same is the sealing ability at different depth, even they formed in different spot of same time and same place. So the fault sealing property has time-space difference. The sealing property of present formation is superior to that of Ng end, so it has important meaning to the conservation of oil and gas and the determination of ultimate oil height. The studying of fault sealing history can illustrate the accumulating process clearly and the misty synthesize evaluation to the fault sealing can reveal the jointly influence of all factors to it. Through comprehensive research of the fault sealing property, it is known that the fault closing of radial fault, uniting position of sets faults and the region surrounding the fault transitional zone is good, so it is the potential zone of the further exploration of Dongying formation.
引文
1．张厚福等．石油地质学．石油工业出版社，1987
2．林承焰．剩余油形成与分布．石油大学出版社，1999
3．刘泽容等．复杂断块群油藏形成机制和构造模式．石油工业出版社，1998
4．关德师等．中国非常规油气地质．石油工业出版社，1995
5．黄汝昌．中国低熟油及凝析气藏形成与分布规律，石油工业出版社，1997
6．田在艺等．中国含油气沉积盆地论．石油工业出版社，1996
7．刘兴材等．场势作用与复式油气区的形成．复式油气田，1996，(4)
8．段智斌等．济阳坳陷第三系应力场分析．复式油气田，1996(4)
9．陈安定．苏北下第三系源岩“浅”熟的构造背景．石油勘探与开发，1996，23(4)
10．李椿等．琼东南盆地①号断层南段封闭性分析．大庆石油学院学报，1996，20(1)
11．解习农等．断裂带流体作用及动力学模型．地学前缘，1996，3(3)
12．吕延防．断层封闭的差异性分析．大庆石油学院学报，1996，20(4)
13．吕延防等．延吉盆地东部坳陷油气运聚模式．天然气工业，1997，17(2)
14．吴奇之等．中国油气盆地构造演化与油气聚集．北京：石油工业出版社，1997
15．李志明等．地应力与油气勘探开发．北京：石油工业出版社，1997
16．钟宏平等．珠江口盆地断层活动强度与规律．中国海上油气(地质)，1990，4(4)
17．中国油气聚集与分布编委会：中国油气聚集与分布，北京：石油工业出版社，1991
18．钟宏平等．含油气盆地断层封闭研究进展综述．地质科技情报，1991，10(2)
19．曹瑞成．早期勘探区断层封闭性评价方法．石油学报，1992，13(1)
20．王平．地质力学方法研究．石油学报，1992，13(1)
21．信荃麟、刘泽容等．含油气盆地构造岩相分析．北京：地质出版社，1993
22．刘泽容、信荃麟等．油藏描述原理与方法技术．石油工业出版社，1993
23. Smith D A. Theoretical consideration of sealing and nonsealing faults. AAPG Bull, 1966, 50(2)
24. Scholz C H. Svkes L R. Aggarwal Y P. Earthquake prediction: a physical basis. Science. 1973, 181(4102)
25. Harding T P. Petroleum traps associated with wrench faults, AAPG Bull, 1974, 58(7)
26. Harding T P. Tectonic significance and hydrocarbon trapping consequence of sequential folding synchronous with San Andreas Faulting, San Joaquin Valley, California. AAPG
Bull, 1976, 60(7)
27. Simoneit B R T, Brenner S, Peters K E. Thermal alteration of cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrusions in the eastern Atlantic. Nature, 1978, 273(5663)
28. Allan U S. A model for migration and entrapment of hydrocarbons. AAPG Research Conference on seals for hydrocarbons, Keystone Colorado, 1980
29. Smith D A. Sealing and nonsealing faults in Louisiana gulf coast salt basin, AAPG Bull, 1980, 64(2)
30. Simoneit B R T, Brenner S, Peters K E. Thermal alteration of cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrusions in the eastern Atlantic—Ⅱ effect on bitumen and kerogen. Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 1981, 45(9)
31. Sibson R H. et al. Seismic pumping-a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism, Jour. Geol. Sci. 1975, 131(6)
2．林承焰．剩余油形成与分布．石油大学出版社，1999
3．刘泽容等．复杂断块群油藏形成机制和构造模式．石油工业出版社，1998
4．关德师等．中国非常规油气地质．石油工业出版社，1995
5．黄汝昌．中国低熟油及凝析气藏形成与分布规律，石油工业出版社，1997
6．田在艺等．中国含油气沉积盆地论．石油工业出版社，1996
7．刘兴材等．场势作用与复式油气区的形成．复式油气田，1996，(4)
8．段智斌等．济阳坳陷第三系应力场分析．复式油气田，1996(4)
9．陈安定．苏北下第三系源岩“浅”熟的构造背景．石油勘探与开发，1996，23(4)
10．李椿等．琼东南盆地①号断层南段封闭性分析．大庆石油学院学报，1996，20(1)
11．解习农等．断裂带流体作用及动力学模型．地学前缘，1996，3(3)
12．吕延防．断层封闭的差异性分析．大庆石油学院学报，1996，20(4)
13．吕延防等．延吉盆地东部坳陷油气运聚模式．天然气工业，1997，17(2)
14．吴奇之等．中国油气盆地构造演化与油气聚集．北京：石油工业出版社，1997
15．李志明等．地应力与油气勘探开发．北京：石油工业出版社，1997
16．钟宏平等．珠江口盆地断层活动强度与规律．中国海上油气(地质)，1990，4(4)
17．中国油气聚集与分布编委会：中国油气聚集与分布，北京：石油工业出版社，1991
18．钟宏平等．含油气盆地断层封闭研究进展综述．地质科技情报，1991，10(2)
19．曹瑞成．早期勘探区断层封闭性评价方法．石油学报，1992，13(1)
20．王平．地质力学方法研究．石油学报，1992，13(1)
21．信荃麟、刘泽容等．含油气盆地构造岩相分析．北京：地质出版社，1993
22．刘泽容、信荃麟等．油藏描述原理与方法技术．石油工业出版社，1993
23. Smith D A. Theoretical consideration of sealing and nonsealing faults. AAPG Bull, 1966, 50(2)
24. Scholz C H. Svkes L R. Aggarwal Y P. Earthquake prediction: a physical basis. Science. 1973, 181(4102)
25. Harding T P. Petroleum traps associated with wrench faults, AAPG Bull, 1974, 58(7)
26. Harding T P. Tectonic significance and hydrocarbon trapping consequence of sequential folding synchronous with San Andreas Faulting, San Joaquin Valley, California. AAPG
Bull, 1976, 60(7)
27. Simoneit B R T, Brenner S, Peters K E. Thermal alteration of cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrusions in the eastern Atlantic. Nature, 1978, 273(5663)
28. Allan U S. A model for migration and entrapment of hydrocarbons. AAPG Research Conference on seals for hydrocarbons, Keystone Colorado, 1980
29. Smith D A. Sealing and nonsealing faults in Louisiana gulf coast salt basin, AAPG Bull, 1980, 64(2)
30. Simoneit B R T, Brenner S, Peters K E. Thermal alteration of cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrusions in the eastern Atlantic—Ⅱ effect on bitumen and kerogen. Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 1981, 45(9)
31. Sibson R H. et al. Seismic pumping-a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism, Jour. Geol. Sci. 1975, 131(6)