柴北缘断裂构造特征及其封闭性评价
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摘要
综合利用地震、测井、生产测试等相关地质资料,在研究柴达木盆地北缘构造发育特征的基础上,总结了断裂的类型、活动期次以及断裂分布,分析了断裂的发育特征,结果表明柴北缘下干柴沟组上段和上干柴沟组为主要的滑脱层,沿浅层滑脱面滑脱的断裂决大部分向上断穿到地表,从断穿层位看,柴北缘断裂类型比较简单,主要有3种:一种是基底卷入型断至地表的断裂;第二种为基底卷入型断至下干柴沟组上段和上干柴沟组的断裂;第三种为以下干柴沟组上段和上干柴沟组为滑脱面断至地表的盖层滑脱型断裂。
综合分析断层侧向和垂向封闭机理及其影响因素,确定断层侧向封闭性评价方法为以Allen图为基础,以断裂带中泥质含量计算结果去预测断层岩类型,断层垂向封闭性评价方法为计算断面正压力及分析裂缝的评价方法。对柴北缘典型地区断裂的断层封闭性进行了解剖,结果表明南八仙地区主要发育泥岩涂抹和少量的层状硅酸盐/框架断层岩,断层侧向好,断层垂向封闭性受次级裂缝影响,封闭性较差。马北地区主要发育泥岩涂抹和层状硅酸岩/框架断层岩,断层侧向封闭性好,油砂山组断裂埋深较小,垂向封闭性较差;在下干柴沟组上段、上干柴沟组以及下干柴沟组下段产生部分裂缝,使垂向封闭性变差。鸭湖地区主要发育泥岩涂抹、层状硅酸岩/框架断层岩,断层侧向封闭性好。除③号断裂埋深较浅,断层垂向封闭性较差外,其它断裂垂向封闭性好。油气藏的分布明显受到断裂的控制,断裂早期的沟通为油气运移聚集提供了条件、形成多种类型油气藏,后期活动的断裂对油气藏的保存和破坏有着制约的作用。
Bye use of geological date such as seismic, well logging, produce testing etc, the structural characteristic is studied and the evolving process of the north of Chaidamu basin is reversed, the type, the action time and the distribution of fault are summarized, the development characteristic of fault is analyzed, the result shows that up member of Xiaganchaigou formation and Shangganchaigou formation are mainly detachment zones in the north of Chaidamu basin, fault that slip from the shallow detachment zone majority throw to earth surface. From throw level to see, fault type is very simple in the north of Chaidamu basin, that mainly have three types, first is basement involution fault that throw to the earth surface, second is basement involution fault that throw to de up member of Xiaganchaigou formation and Shangganchaigou formation, third is overlying formation slip fault that throw to the earth surface from two detachment zones, up member of Xiaganchaigou formation and Shangganchaigou formation.
The lateral seal and vertical seal mechanism of fault and effecting factor are analyzed, the result shows that the evaluation method of fault lateral seal is Allan that is the base, using shale content calculation result to forecast fault rock type, the evaluation method of fault vertical seal is to calculate fault plane normal pressure and analyze fracture seal. Fault seal of type area in the north of Chaidamu basin is dissected, the result shows that Nabaxain area mainly develops clay smears and phyllosilicate-framework fault rock, the lateral seal is good, the vertical seal is bad because of secondary fracture, Mabei area mainly develops clay smears and phyllosilicate-framework fault rock, the lateral seal is good, fault buried depth is contrast shallow in Youshashan formation, vertical seal is bad, because partly fracture formed in up member of Xiaganchaigou formation, Shangganchaigou formation and lower member of Xiaganchaigou formation, vertical seal is bad, Yahu area mainly develops clay smears and phyllosilicate-framework fault rock, the lateral seal is good, fault vertical seal is good expect that③fault vertical seal is bad because③fault buried depth is shallow. The distribution of oil-gas reservoir is obviously controlled by fault, fault act in early time that provide the condition of oil-gas migration and accumulation, formation multiple types oil-gas reservoirs, Fault act in late time that confined oil-gas reservoirs’preservation and destruction.
综合分析断层侧向和垂向封闭机理及其影响因素,确定断层侧向封闭性评价方法为以Allen图为基础,以断裂带中泥质含量计算结果去预测断层岩类型,断层垂向封闭性评价方法为计算断面正压力及分析裂缝的评价方法。对柴北缘典型地区断裂的断层封闭性进行了解剖,结果表明南八仙地区主要发育泥岩涂抹和少量的层状硅酸盐/框架断层岩,断层侧向好,断层垂向封闭性受次级裂缝影响,封闭性较差。马北地区主要发育泥岩涂抹和层状硅酸岩/框架断层岩,断层侧向封闭性好,油砂山组断裂埋深较小,垂向封闭性较差;在下干柴沟组上段、上干柴沟组以及下干柴沟组下段产生部分裂缝,使垂向封闭性变差。鸭湖地区主要发育泥岩涂抹、层状硅酸岩/框架断层岩,断层侧向封闭性好。除③号断裂埋深较浅,断层垂向封闭性较差外,其它断裂垂向封闭性好。油气藏的分布明显受到断裂的控制,断裂早期的沟通为油气运移聚集提供了条件、形成多种类型油气藏,后期活动的断裂对油气藏的保存和破坏有着制约的作用。
Bye use of geological date such as seismic, well logging, produce testing etc, the structural characteristic is studied and the evolving process of the north of Chaidamu basin is reversed, the type, the action time and the distribution of fault are summarized, the development characteristic of fault is analyzed, the result shows that up member of Xiaganchaigou formation and Shangganchaigou formation are mainly detachment zones in the north of Chaidamu basin, fault that slip from the shallow detachment zone majority throw to earth surface. From throw level to see, fault type is very simple in the north of Chaidamu basin, that mainly have three types, first is basement involution fault that throw to the earth surface, second is basement involution fault that throw to de up member of Xiaganchaigou formation and Shangganchaigou formation, third is overlying formation slip fault that throw to the earth surface from two detachment zones, up member of Xiaganchaigou formation and Shangganchaigou formation.
The lateral seal and vertical seal mechanism of fault and effecting factor are analyzed, the result shows that the evaluation method of fault lateral seal is Allan that is the base, using shale content calculation result to forecast fault rock type, the evaluation method of fault vertical seal is to calculate fault plane normal pressure and analyze fracture seal. Fault seal of type area in the north of Chaidamu basin is dissected, the result shows that Nabaxain area mainly develops clay smears and phyllosilicate-framework fault rock, the lateral seal is good, the vertical seal is bad because of secondary fracture, Mabei area mainly develops clay smears and phyllosilicate-framework fault rock, the lateral seal is good, fault buried depth is contrast shallow in Youshashan formation, vertical seal is bad, because partly fracture formed in up member of Xiaganchaigou formation, Shangganchaigou formation and lower member of Xiaganchaigou formation, vertical seal is bad, Yahu area mainly develops clay smears and phyllosilicate-framework fault rock, the lateral seal is good, fault vertical seal is good expect that③fault vertical seal is bad because③fault buried depth is shallow. The distribution of oil-gas reservoir is obviously controlled by fault, fault act in early time that provide the condition of oil-gas migration and accumulation, formation multiple types oil-gas reservoirs, Fault act in late time that confined oil-gas reservoirs’preservation and destruction.
引文
[1]柴北缘逆冲带油气富集规律与目标选择,青海油田公司勘探开发研究院、中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,2005,科研报告(2004BA616A-04-07)
[2]柴达木盆地柴北缘地区石油地质规律与规划部署研究,大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,2001,科研报告
[3]魏国齐等.中国中西部前陆盆地构造特征研究,中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,2005,科研报告(2004BA616A-04-01)
[4]魏国齐,李本亮等.中西部前陆盆地构造特征研究,中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,2004
[5]赵孟军等,前陆盆地大中型气藏成藏过程及潜力分析,2003,科研报告(2001BA605A-06-03)
[6]赵文智,何登发,宋岩,靳九强.中国陆上主要含油气盆地石油地质基本特征.地质论评,1999,45(3):232-240
[7]吕延防,李国会,王跃文.断层封闭性定量研究方法.石油学报,1996.17(2):39-43
[8]吕延防.断层封闭的差异性分析.大庆石油学院学报,1996.20(4):7-11
[9]付广,李凤君,白明轩.断层侧向封闭性与垂向封闭性关系分析.大庆石油地质与开发,1998.17(2):6-9
[10]吕延防,陈章明.非线性映射分析判断断层封闭性.石油学报,1995.16(2):36-41
[11]付晓飞,付广,赵平伟,断层封闭机理及主要影响因素研究.天然气地球科学,1999,10(3-4):54-62
[12]Smith DA.Theoretical consideration of sealing and nonsealing faults.AAPG Bulletin,1966.50:363-374
[13]Knipe R J. Faulting processes seal evolution and reservoir discontinuities: an integrated analysis of the ULA field, Central Graben, North Sea(abs). In: The Geological Society of London Newsletter ed. Abstracts of the petroleum Group meeting on collaborative research programme in petroleum geoscience between UK Higher education Institute and the petroleum Industry, 1992
[14]Weber, KJ, Mandl, G., Pilaar, WF, Lehner, F. & Precious, RG.The role of faults in hydrocarbon migration and trapping in Nigerian growth fault structures.Tenth Annual Offshore Technology Conference Proceeding, Houston, Texas. 1978.62(4):2643-2653
[15] Bouvier J D ,Kaars-Sijpesteijn C F et al.Three-dimension Seismic interpretation and Fault Sealing Investigation,Nun River field,Nigeria.AAPG,1989.73(11):1397-1414
[16] Jev, BI, CH Kaars-Sijpersteijn, MPAM Peters, NL Watts and JT Wilkie.Akaso field,Nigeria:use of intergrated 3-D seismic,fault slicing,clay smearing,and RFT pressure data on fault trapping and dynamic leakage.AAPG Bulletin,1993.77:1389-1404
[17]Dewney M.W.Evaluating seals for hydrocarbon accumulations.AAPG Bulletin,1984.68:1752-1763
[18] 陈发景.盆地构造分析在我国油气普查勘探中的作用.石油与天然气地质,1989,10(3):247-255
[19]李亚辉,刘泽容,陈利.断层封闭演化史研究方法及其应用.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(3):15-18
[20]邓俊国,王亚欣,张振威,王占利.保定地区阜平群变质岩岩石特征及原岩分析.保定师专学报,2000,13(2):31-35
[21]周新桂,孙宝珊,谭成轩,孙宏斌,郑荣植,马常星.现金地应力与断层封闭效应.石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):127-131
[22]童亨茂.断层开启与封闭的定量分析.石油与天然气地质,1998.19(3):215-220
[23]吕延防,张发强,吴春霞.断层涂抹层分布规律的物理模拟实验研究.石油勘探与开发,2001.28(1):30-32
[24]Knipe R J. Faulting process and fault seal. In: Larsen R M. Brekke H et al ed. Structural and tectonic modeling and its application to petroleum geology. Amsterdam Elsevier, 1992, 325-342
[25]付晓飞,杨勉,吕延防,孙永河,库车坳陷典型构造天然气运移过程物理模拟,石油学报,2004,25(5),38-43
[26]付晓飞,吕延防,付广,杨晶霞,库车坳陷北带逆掩断层在天然气运聚成藏中的作用,中国海上油气,2004,16(3),161-165
[27]付晓飞,吕延防,孙永河,库车坳陷北带天然气聚集成藏的关键因素,石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3),22-25
[28]付晓飞,方德庆,吕延防,付广,孙永河,从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法,地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2005,30(3):328-335
[29]万天丰,王明明,殷秀兰,晋香兰.渤海湾地区不同方向断裂带的封闭性.现代地质,2004,18(2):157-162
[30]Allan U S. Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures. AAPG, 1989,73(7):803-811
[31]Yielding G B F reeman, Needham D T. Quantitative fault seal prediction. AAPG, 1997,81(6):897-917
[32]Peter Bretan, Graham Yielding. Helen Jones Using calibrated shale gouge ratio to estimate hydrocarbon column heights. AAPG, 2003, 87(3):397-413
[33]G Yielding, J A Overland, G Byberg Characterization of fault zones for reservoir modeling, an example from the Gullfaks field, northern North Sea. AAPG, 1999, 83(6):925-951
[34]吕延防,付广等.断层封闭性研究.石油工业出版社,2002,122-123
[35]吕延防,陈章明.非线性映射分析判断断层封闭性.石油学报,1995.16(2):36-41
[36]曹瑞成,陈章明.早期探区断层封闭性评价方法.石油学报,1992.13(2):33-378
[37]付广,李凤君,白明轩.断层侧向封闭性与垂向封闭性关系分析.大庆石油地质与开发,1998.17(2):6-9
[38]阎福礼,贾东,卢华复,于际民,徐光伟.油气运移的断层封闭因素探讨.江苏地质,2000.24(2):95-100
[39]曾联波,金之钧,张明利等.柴达木侏罗纪盆地性质及其演化特征.沉积学报,2002,20(2):288-292
[40]姜振学,庞雄奇等.中西部前陆盆地油气成藏主控因素分析,中国石油大学(北京),2005,科研报告(2004BA616A-04-03-01).
[41]柴北缘盆地北缘前陆盆地油气富集规律及勘探目标选择,2003,青海油田分公司,科研报告(2001BA605A-06-06).
[42]赵孟军,秦胜飞,姜振学.前陆盆地大中型气田成藏过程及成藏特征,中国石油勘探开发研究院,2005,科研报告(2004BA616-04-03).
[43]邓祖佑,陈兆年等.柴达木盆地北缘油气运移与保存条件研究,2001,大庆油田有限责任公司勘探分公司,科研报告
[2]柴达木盆地柴北缘地区石油地质规律与规划部署研究,大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,2001,科研报告
[3]魏国齐等.中国中西部前陆盆地构造特征研究,中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,2005,科研报告(2004BA616A-04-01)
[4]魏国齐,李本亮等.中西部前陆盆地构造特征研究,中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,2004
[5]赵孟军等,前陆盆地大中型气藏成藏过程及潜力分析,2003,科研报告(2001BA605A-06-03)
[6]赵文智,何登发,宋岩,靳九强.中国陆上主要含油气盆地石油地质基本特征.地质论评,1999,45(3):232-240
[7]吕延防,李国会,王跃文.断层封闭性定量研究方法.石油学报,1996.17(2):39-43
[8]吕延防.断层封闭的差异性分析.大庆石油学院学报,1996.20(4):7-11
[9]付广,李凤君,白明轩.断层侧向封闭性与垂向封闭性关系分析.大庆石油地质与开发,1998.17(2):6-9
[10]吕延防,陈章明.非线性映射分析判断断层封闭性.石油学报,1995.16(2):36-41
[11]付晓飞,付广,赵平伟,断层封闭机理及主要影响因素研究.天然气地球科学,1999,10(3-4):54-62
[12]Smith DA.Theoretical consideration of sealing and nonsealing faults.AAPG Bulletin,1966.50:363-374
[13]Knipe R J. Faulting processes seal evolution and reservoir discontinuities: an integrated analysis of the ULA field, Central Graben, North Sea(abs). In: The Geological Society of London Newsletter ed. Abstracts of the petroleum Group meeting on collaborative research programme in petroleum geoscience between UK Higher education Institute and the petroleum Industry, 1992
[14]Weber, KJ, Mandl, G., Pilaar, WF, Lehner, F. & Precious, RG.The role of faults in hydrocarbon migration and trapping in Nigerian growth fault structures.Tenth Annual Offshore Technology Conference Proceeding, Houston, Texas. 1978.62(4):2643-2653
[15] Bouvier J D ,Kaars-Sijpesteijn C F et al.Three-dimension Seismic interpretation and Fault Sealing Investigation,Nun River field,Nigeria.AAPG,1989.73(11):1397-1414
[16] Jev, BI, CH Kaars-Sijpersteijn, MPAM Peters, NL Watts and JT Wilkie.Akaso field,Nigeria:use of intergrated 3-D seismic,fault slicing,clay smearing,and RFT pressure data on fault trapping and dynamic leakage.AAPG Bulletin,1993.77:1389-1404
[17]Dewney M.W.Evaluating seals for hydrocarbon accumulations.AAPG Bulletin,1984.68:1752-1763
[18] 陈发景.盆地构造分析在我国油气普查勘探中的作用.石油与天然气地质,1989,10(3):247-255
[19]李亚辉,刘泽容,陈利.断层封闭演化史研究方法及其应用.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(3):15-18
[20]邓俊国,王亚欣,张振威,王占利.保定地区阜平群变质岩岩石特征及原岩分析.保定师专学报,2000,13(2):31-35
[21]周新桂,孙宝珊,谭成轩,孙宏斌,郑荣植,马常星.现金地应力与断层封闭效应.石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):127-131
[22]童亨茂.断层开启与封闭的定量分析.石油与天然气地质,1998.19(3):215-220
[23]吕延防,张发强,吴春霞.断层涂抹层分布规律的物理模拟实验研究.石油勘探与开发,2001.28(1):30-32
[24]Knipe R J. Faulting process and fault seal. In: Larsen R M. Brekke H et al ed. Structural and tectonic modeling and its application to petroleum geology. Amsterdam Elsevier, 1992, 325-342
[25]付晓飞,杨勉,吕延防,孙永河,库车坳陷典型构造天然气运移过程物理模拟,石油学报,2004,25(5),38-43
[26]付晓飞,吕延防,付广,杨晶霞,库车坳陷北带逆掩断层在天然气运聚成藏中的作用,中国海上油气,2004,16(3),161-165
[27]付晓飞,吕延防,孙永河,库车坳陷北带天然气聚集成藏的关键因素,石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3),22-25
[28]付晓飞,方德庆,吕延防,付广,孙永河,从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法,地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2005,30(3):328-335
[29]万天丰,王明明,殷秀兰,晋香兰.渤海湾地区不同方向断裂带的封闭性.现代地质,2004,18(2):157-162
[30]Allan U S. Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures. AAPG, 1989,73(7):803-811
[31]Yielding G B F reeman, Needham D T. Quantitative fault seal prediction. AAPG, 1997,81(6):897-917
[32]Peter Bretan, Graham Yielding. Helen Jones Using calibrated shale gouge ratio to estimate hydrocarbon column heights. AAPG, 2003, 87(3):397-413
[33]G Yielding, J A Overland, G Byberg Characterization of fault zones for reservoir modeling, an example from the Gullfaks field, northern North Sea. AAPG, 1999, 83(6):925-951
[34]吕延防,付广等.断层封闭性研究.石油工业出版社,2002,122-123
[35]吕延防,陈章明.非线性映射分析判断断层封闭性.石油学报,1995.16(2):36-41
[36]曹瑞成,陈章明.早期探区断层封闭性评价方法.石油学报,1992.13(2):33-378
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