人工加载对废用性骨质疏松大鼠胫骨影响的实验研究
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摘要
骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减少，骨组织微观结构退化（骨小梁变细，断裂，数量减少；皮质骨多孔，变薄）为特征的，致使骨强度下降、脆性增加、骨折危险性增高的一种全身性骨骼疾病。随着世界范围内的人口老龄化问题的逐年加重，老年人口在总人口中的比重不断上升；而现代化交通工具及设备（如汽车、电梯等）的日益普及，使人们在日常生活中的运动量将逐渐减少，因此，可以预计今后中老年人的骨质疏松症的发病率将会逐年增高。人类对骨生物力学与骨生物学的研究已进行了一百多年，对骨的功能适应性的研究已经取得了巨大的成就，然而，影响骨代谢的生物学因素与力学因素在骨组织代谢的调控系统中的耦联关系仍不十分清楚，针对骨质疏松的生物医学和力学研究相脱节，至今，国内外仍未见骨质疏松计算模型的报道，阻碍着对骨质疏松症的深入研究和防治。本论文是国家自然科学基金资助项目“骨质疏松的力学-生物学因素耦联关系及计算机模拟（10372034）”中有关骨质疏松中力学-生物学因素耦联关系系列研究的一部分，进行了一系列针对骨质疏松的动物试验，主要内容包括：
1 .废用性骨质疏松大鼠动物模型的制作：采用尾部骨牵引悬吊饲养的方法，制作了大鼠后肢废用性骨质疏松模型。
2 .动态活体加载装置的研制及活体加载时大鼠胫骨力学性质的研究：研制成功了一种可用于对大鼠等小型动物进行人工加载的加载装置，并对活体状态下大鼠胫骨应变与外部载荷之间的关系进行了探索研究。
3 .人工加载对悬吊大鼠胫骨力学性能影响的实验研究：采用自行研制的加载装置对悬吊大鼠后肢进行不同大小载荷的人工加载，4周后对各组大鼠胫骨皮质骨及松质骨进行压缩试验，结果表明悬吊加载各组大鼠胫骨皮质骨及松质骨力学性能显著优于悬吊组，与对照组相比无显著差异。
4 .人工加载对悬吊大鼠骨组织形态计量学影响的实验研究：采用显微CT扫描的方法对上一实验各组大鼠胫骨近端松质骨进行组织形态计量学测试，结果表明悬吊加载各组大鼠胫骨松质骨组织计量学指标显著优于悬吊组，与对照组相比无显著差异。
通过上述一系列试验，我们得到了以下结论：
1 .通过尾部悬吊的方法可以制作大鼠后肢废用性骨质疏松模型；
2 .本论文实验设计的加载装置可安全、有效地对活体大鼠进行可控的人工加载；
3 .人工加载可以显著改善悬吊大鼠胫骨的力学性能及组织形态计量学指标；
4 .大鼠胫骨的中段密质骨的骨重建阈值MESr约为90με左右。
Osteoporosis is a worldwide frequent disease in aged people, which gets more serious and higher incidence annually with the aging of the world's population but easily neglected. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Many researchers have been researching the biomechanics and biology of bone for over a century and achieved a lot of accomplishment, but the coupling realationship between biological factor and mechanics factor in the regulate and control of bone metabolization is still not distinct, calculation model of osteoporosis is still seldom seen in domestic and international reports. We are supported by National Nature Found of China to research the coupling realationship between biological factor and mechanics factor in the regulate and control of bone metabolization in osteoporosis and computer simulation, this paper is one experimental part of this item. According to the results of these experiments, we can draw some conclusions as follows:
1. Based on the theory of bone functional adaptability, a better rat model of osteoporosis was attained from the experiment of tail suspending after 4 weeks.
2. A dynamic axially living animal loading system was devised and tested to be credible and precise, and the realationship bteween loading and the strain of rat tibia was tested.
3.The artificial loading could pervent the reduce of mechanical performance and bone histomorphometry of suspended rats’tibia as effective as the daily activity, this means an adequate loading was necessary to maintain bone mass and biomechanical capability, and we conclude that the MESr of 9-month-old rat’s tibia was appoximitly 90με.
1 .废用性骨质疏松大鼠动物模型的制作：采用尾部骨牵引悬吊饲养的方法，制作了大鼠后肢废用性骨质疏松模型。
2 .动态活体加载装置的研制及活体加载时大鼠胫骨力学性质的研究：研制成功了一种可用于对大鼠等小型动物进行人工加载的加载装置，并对活体状态下大鼠胫骨应变与外部载荷之间的关系进行了探索研究。
3 .人工加载对悬吊大鼠胫骨力学性能影响的实验研究：采用自行研制的加载装置对悬吊大鼠后肢进行不同大小载荷的人工加载，4周后对各组大鼠胫骨皮质骨及松质骨进行压缩试验，结果表明悬吊加载各组大鼠胫骨皮质骨及松质骨力学性能显著优于悬吊组，与对照组相比无显著差异。
4 .人工加载对悬吊大鼠骨组织形态计量学影响的实验研究：采用显微CT扫描的方法对上一实验各组大鼠胫骨近端松质骨进行组织形态计量学测试，结果表明悬吊加载各组大鼠胫骨松质骨组织计量学指标显著优于悬吊组，与对照组相比无显著差异。
通过上述一系列试验，我们得到了以下结论：
1 .通过尾部悬吊的方法可以制作大鼠后肢废用性骨质疏松模型；
2 .本论文实验设计的加载装置可安全、有效地对活体大鼠进行可控的人工加载；
3 .人工加载可以显著改善悬吊大鼠胫骨的力学性能及组织形态计量学指标；
4 .大鼠胫骨的中段密质骨的骨重建阈值MESr约为90με左右。
Osteoporosis is a worldwide frequent disease in aged people, which gets more serious and higher incidence annually with the aging of the world's population but easily neglected. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Many researchers have been researching the biomechanics and biology of bone for over a century and achieved a lot of accomplishment, but the coupling realationship between biological factor and mechanics factor in the regulate and control of bone metabolization is still not distinct, calculation model of osteoporosis is still seldom seen in domestic and international reports. We are supported by National Nature Found of China to research the coupling realationship between biological factor and mechanics factor in the regulate and control of bone metabolization in osteoporosis and computer simulation, this paper is one experimental part of this item. According to the results of these experiments, we can draw some conclusions as follows:
1. Based on the theory of bone functional adaptability, a better rat model of osteoporosis was attained from the experiment of tail suspending after 4 weeks.
2. A dynamic axially living animal loading system was devised and tested to be credible and precise, and the realationship bteween loading and the strain of rat tibia was tested.
3.The artificial loading could pervent the reduce of mechanical performance and bone histomorphometry of suspended rats’tibia as effective as the daily activity, this means an adequate loading was necessary to maintain bone mass and biomechanical capability, and we conclude that the MESr of 9-month-old rat’s tibia was appoximitly 90με.
引文
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