变压器经济运行控制系统开发
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摘要
随着电力系统的发展和电网降损、节能工作的深入，变压器经济运行的重要性日益突出。目前在电力系统中，大多数变压器还运行在自然状态，其电能损耗约占发电量的10％、系统线损的50％。开展变压器经济运行研究具有十分重要的现实意义。本文以开封110kV北郊变电站为对象开展变压器经济运行控制系统的研发工作。
变压器经济运行就是在确保变压器安全运行及保证供电量的基础上，充分利用现有设备，通过变压器运行方式的合理选取、负荷曲线的优化调整、全网变压器运行位置的优化组合以及变压器运行条件的改善等措施，最大限度地降低变压器的电能损耗。
本文阐述了我国能源利用现状及变压器经济运行的作用和意义，回顾了变压器经济运行工作的发展历程及技术现状，并针对河南省开封市110kV北郊变电站提出了满足现场运行条件的控制系统功能和技术要求。本文归纳了变压器经济运行的基本理论，总结了变压器有功功率损耗、无功功率损耗和综合功率损耗的计算方法，讨论了变压器的负荷一损耗特性。在此基础上，重点介绍了两台双绕组变压器变电站在变压器并列和分列两种运行方式下的经济运行判据，并给出了以综合功率节约为目标的变压器经济运行算法。
本文以开封110kV北郊变电站为应用对象开发变压器经济运行控制系统。控制系统硬件部分主要由研祥“EVOC”系列工业控制计算机及其配套的PCL-813、PCL-720智能I／O板卡、电量变送器等组成。初步完成了控制系统外围电路元器件选型和设计工作。系统输入量包括10个模拟量(两台主变的有功功率、无功功率、高、低压侧的电压等)和7个开关量(主变两侧的断路器常开接点信号、低压母联断路器的常开接点信号等)，输出量包括14个开关量(主变两侧的断路器常开接点信号等)。
本系统控制软件以WINDOWS为平台，采用研祥集团动态链接库
一-一一一一-一一一一一一送巡彭越望醚逸去一一‘一
PCLS一DLLI、PCLS一DLLZ以及编程软件C什Builders和Aeeess数据库进行开发。
控制软件检测变压器实时运行工况，根据经济运行判据和变压器运行约束条件作
出控制决策，形成了符合现场运行实际要求的变压器经济运行控制策略。软件具
有以下功能:l)把系统采集的模拟量和开关量，存入实时数据库，实现数据共享，
提高系统控制的实时性。2)能跟随变压器负荷的实时变化，以操作提示或实时控制
的方式监视变压器的运行。两种控制方式可由运行人员选择。3)用数据、图像、报
表多种方式展现变压器的运行数据及运行状态，可打印保存有关信息。4)具有事件
数据库功能。可以随时纪录值班人员的倒闸操作和变压器的开关动作情况，便于
运行人员查看。控制软件具有界面友好、操作灵活等特点，便于现场运行人员接
受和使用。
作为控制系统制作和进入现场的准备，在实验室进行了模拟试验。试验系统
由工控机、FO板卡、直流电源、模拟量输入电路、开关量输入电路、开关量输出
电路等组成。模拟试验表明，所开发的变压器经济运行控制系统基本上可以满足
开封1 10kV北郊变电站变压器经济运行的要求。
With the further development of electrical industry, energy conservation and consumption reduction, the significance of economical operation of transformers become more and more outstanding. However, in the current power system, most of transformers are still in the state of natural operation with electrical consumption rate of approximately 10% of the total power production and 50% of the power loss respectively. Thus the study on transformer economical operations is vitally significant. This thesis studies the development of transformer economical operation of HOkV power substation in the suburb of Kaifeng city, China.
The economical operation of transformer refers to the full exploitation of the equipment and machineries available to maximally lower the power consumption of transformers with the reasonable selection of transforming modes, the perfect modulation of the load curve, the optimal combination of current transformer position, and the improvement of the current operation conditions on the basis of secure transformer operation and sufficient power supply.
It expostulates the current situation and significance of national energy exploitation and the significance of transformer economical operation, and then reexamines its history and technological situation, finally it put forward the functions of the control system required by the real-time operation of 1 lOkV power substation in Kaifeng, China. Furthermore, it expounds the fundamental principles of transformer economical operation, the calculation of active power loss-saving, reactive power loss-saving and comprehensive power loss-saving together with the characteristics of load-consumption. It mainly focuses on the criteria of economical operation of two-winding transformer in power substation under transformer operating combination and separation, and finally, it proposes its calculation modes for comprehensive power conservation.
The objective of this thesis is to develop the control system for transformer economical operation for 110kV power substation in Kaifeng. This system will be installed with the hardware of "EVOC" series and its necessary accessories of PCL-813, PCL-720 intelligence I/O board manufactured by Yanxiang Engineering &Manipulation Group and intelligent electric quantity transducer. So far, the preliminary selection and design of peripheral circuit elements has been accomplished. The system input are ten
simulative quantities (active power, reactive power of two main transformers and etc) and seven switching quantities (the junction signal of breakers on both side of the transformer),while the output data comprises 14 switching quantities.
This control system is developed with the software of Access Database, C++ Builder as well as Yanxiang dynamic linked library PCLS-DLL1, PCLS-DLL2 on the windows platform. The software aims to monitor the real-time transformer operation and make timely control decision based on the economical operation criteria and constraints on transformer operation, then construct the real-time manipulative strategies. The software functions as follows: (1) store the simulative and switching data into real-time database for information share and enhancement of real-time system control. (2) monitor the transformer operation with operation cues or real-time control in accordance with the real-time transformer load fluctuation, the two modes are to the options of the operator. (3) demonstrate the operation and condition with data, graphs etc, which can be typed and stored. (4) enjoy the function of event database which can record the operation of both the transformers and the operators for further inspection. The control sof
tware has friendly interface and feasible operation to the user's convenience.
A simulated test is performed in the laboratory as the preparation for control system and experiment. The system consists of industrial personal computer, intelligent I/O board, direct current source, simulative input circuit, switching input circuit and switching output circuit. The simulated test illustr
变压器经济运行就是在确保变压器安全运行及保证供电量的基础上，充分利用现有设备，通过变压器运行方式的合理选取、负荷曲线的优化调整、全网变压器运行位置的优化组合以及变压器运行条件的改善等措施，最大限度地降低变压器的电能损耗。
本文阐述了我国能源利用现状及变压器经济运行的作用和意义，回顾了变压器经济运行工作的发展历程及技术现状，并针对河南省开封市110kV北郊变电站提出了满足现场运行条件的控制系统功能和技术要求。本文归纳了变压器经济运行的基本理论，总结了变压器有功功率损耗、无功功率损耗和综合功率损耗的计算方法，讨论了变压器的负荷一损耗特性。在此基础上，重点介绍了两台双绕组变压器变电站在变压器并列和分列两种运行方式下的经济运行判据，并给出了以综合功率节约为目标的变压器经济运行算法。
本文以开封110kV北郊变电站为应用对象开发变压器经济运行控制系统。控制系统硬件部分主要由研祥“EVOC”系列工业控制计算机及其配套的PCL-813、PCL-720智能I／O板卡、电量变送器等组成。初步完成了控制系统外围电路元器件选型和设计工作。系统输入量包括10个模拟量(两台主变的有功功率、无功功率、高、低压侧的电压等)和7个开关量(主变两侧的断路器常开接点信号、低压母联断路器的常开接点信号等)，输出量包括14个开关量(主变两侧的断路器常开接点信号等)。
本系统控制软件以WINDOWS为平台，采用研祥集团动态链接库
一-一一一一-一一一一一一送巡彭越望醚逸去一一‘一
PCLS一DLLI、PCLS一DLLZ以及编程软件C什Builders和Aeeess数据库进行开发。
控制软件检测变压器实时运行工况，根据经济运行判据和变压器运行约束条件作
出控制决策，形成了符合现场运行实际要求的变压器经济运行控制策略。软件具
有以下功能:l)把系统采集的模拟量和开关量，存入实时数据库，实现数据共享，
提高系统控制的实时性。2)能跟随变压器负荷的实时变化，以操作提示或实时控制
的方式监视变压器的运行。两种控制方式可由运行人员选择。3)用数据、图像、报
表多种方式展现变压器的运行数据及运行状态，可打印保存有关信息。4)具有事件
数据库功能。可以随时纪录值班人员的倒闸操作和变压器的开关动作情况，便于
运行人员查看。控制软件具有界面友好、操作灵活等特点，便于现场运行人员接
受和使用。
作为控制系统制作和进入现场的准备，在实验室进行了模拟试验。试验系统
由工控机、FO板卡、直流电源、模拟量输入电路、开关量输入电路、开关量输出
电路等组成。模拟试验表明，所开发的变压器经济运行控制系统基本上可以满足
开封1 10kV北郊变电站变压器经济运行的要求。
With the further development of electrical industry, energy conservation and consumption reduction, the significance of economical operation of transformers become more and more outstanding. However, in the current power system, most of transformers are still in the state of natural operation with electrical consumption rate of approximately 10% of the total power production and 50% of the power loss respectively. Thus the study on transformer economical operations is vitally significant. This thesis studies the development of transformer economical operation of HOkV power substation in the suburb of Kaifeng city, China.
The economical operation of transformer refers to the full exploitation of the equipment and machineries available to maximally lower the power consumption of transformers with the reasonable selection of transforming modes, the perfect modulation of the load curve, the optimal combination of current transformer position, and the improvement of the current operation conditions on the basis of secure transformer operation and sufficient power supply.
It expostulates the current situation and significance of national energy exploitation and the significance of transformer economical operation, and then reexamines its history and technological situation, finally it put forward the functions of the control system required by the real-time operation of 1 lOkV power substation in Kaifeng, China. Furthermore, it expounds the fundamental principles of transformer economical operation, the calculation of active power loss-saving, reactive power loss-saving and comprehensive power loss-saving together with the characteristics of load-consumption. It mainly focuses on the criteria of economical operation of two-winding transformer in power substation under transformer operating combination and separation, and finally, it proposes its calculation modes for comprehensive power conservation.
The objective of this thesis is to develop the control system for transformer economical operation for 110kV power substation in Kaifeng. This system will be installed with the hardware of "EVOC" series and its necessary accessories of PCL-813, PCL-720 intelligence I/O board manufactured by Yanxiang Engineering &Manipulation Group and intelligent electric quantity transducer. So far, the preliminary selection and design of peripheral circuit elements has been accomplished. The system input are ten
simulative quantities (active power, reactive power of two main transformers and etc) and seven switching quantities (the junction signal of breakers on both side of the transformer),while the output data comprises 14 switching quantities.
This control system is developed with the software of Access Database, C++ Builder as well as Yanxiang dynamic linked library PCLS-DLL1, PCLS-DLL2 on the windows platform. The software aims to monitor the real-time transformer operation and make timely control decision based on the economical operation criteria and constraints on transformer operation, then construct the real-time manipulative strategies. The software functions as follows: (1) store the simulative and switching data into real-time database for information share and enhancement of real-time system control. (2) monitor the transformer operation with operation cues or real-time control in accordance with the real-time transformer load fluctuation, the two modes are to the options of the operator. (3) demonstrate the operation and condition with data, graphs etc, which can be typed and stored. (4) enjoy the function of event database which can record the operation of both the transformers and the operators for further inspection. The control sof
tware has friendly interface and feasible operation to the user's convenience.
A simulated test is performed in the laboratory as the preparation for control system and experiment. The system consists of industrial personal computer, intelligent I/O board, direct current source, simulative input circuit, switching input circuit and switching output circuit. The simulated test illustr
引文
[1] 胡景生．变压器经济运行．北京：中国电力出版社．1999
[2] 胡景生，裴铁成．电网经济运行与能源标准化．北京：中国标准出版社．2001
[3] 胡景生．变压器经济运行软件的开发与应用．节能．1996，(5)：43～47
[4] 王丹民．变压器经济运行分析．沈阳工业大学学报．1999，21(1)：38～40
[5] 李永．三绕组变压器经济运行实用计算．节能．2000，(6)：29～31
[6] 余文会，张山等．基于SCADA系统的变压器经济运行程序的二次开发．广东电力．2001，14(1)：31～32
[7] 黄强，游大海．变电站变压器经济运行的探讨．湖北电力．2001，25(2)：35～37
[8] 胡景生．电网经济运行节电技术综述．节能．2000(4)：23～28
[9] 徐建政，王剑等．神经元网络技术在变压器经济运行控制中的应用．继电器．2001，29(10)：34～37
[10] Vasedin Ⅵ. Economical regime of transformer operation. Promyshlennaya Energetika, Vol.18, NO:1, Jan 2000
[11] 魏胜宏．并列运行变压器经济运行方式的自动控制．节能技术．2001，19(3)：39～40
[12] 石新春，朱晓荣等．变压器运行方式优化计算机辅助设计．电力情报．1999(2)：13～16
[13] 杜贵卿，宋鲁华．变电站电压无功及经济运行的综合自动控制．2000(5)：13～15
[14] 谭玉玲．关于公用变压器的n-1运行方式与损耗的探讨。电网技术．2001，25(11)：74～76
[15] 高升，鲁粟．变电站变压器经济运行方式的研究．计算技术与自动化．2001，20(4)：28～31
[16] Kamavas, Yannis L, Papadopoulos, Demetrios P. Maintenance oriented algorithm for economic operation of an autonomous diesel-electric station. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 51, NO.2, August 1999
[17] Alomoush.M.L, Shahidehpour.S.M. Contingency-constrained congestion management with a minimum number of adjustments in preferred schedules. Internationl Journal of Electrical Power &Energy Systems, Vol. 22, NO. 4, May 2000
[18] 徐剑正，凌云．并列运行变压器经济运行模式分析．电力自动化设备．2001，21(9)：46～48
[19] 郝治国，赵学文等．变电站变压器经济运行实时监控系统．继电器．2002，30(1)：18～21
[20] 黄向前．浅谈变电所内变压器的经济运行．电网技术．2000，24(3)：65～69
[21] 胡国元．变电所变压器的技术特性优劣计算分析．中国电力．1997，30(9)：32～35
[22] 陈泰宁．从综合经济效益谈配电线路与变压器的合理设置．上海铁道科技．2000(1)：36～38
[23] Ding Yushan Mathematical Model of The Economical Operation of transformers. Rural electrification. Chinese Electric Engineering Association, 1993,13(9):35～37
[24] Bridenbaugh C J, DiMascio D A, Aquila R D. Voltage Control Improvement Through Capacitor and Transformer Tap Optimization. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1992,7(1): 222～227
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[27] 丁毓山，南俊星．微机保护与综合自动化系统．中国水利水电出版社．2002
[28] 黄益庄．变电站综合自动化技术．清华大学出版社．1999
[29] EVOC. PCL-813—32-Charmel S.E. Isolated A/D Card. Industrial PC Products User's Manual
[30] EVOC. PCL-720—Digital I/O& Counts. Industrial PC Products User's Manual
[31] Oguz Soysal A, Adam Semlyen. Practical transfer function estimation and its application to wide frequency range representation of transformer. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1993,8(3): 1627
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[33] 变电运行培训教材(下册)．江苏省电力工业局南通供电局编．水利电力出版社．1985
[34] 和可智．C++程序设计．西安交通大学出版社．2001
[35] 张晓东，李敬．C++Builder5程序设计．中国铁道出版社．2001
[36] Charlie Calvert,et al．C++Builder应用开发大全．清华大学出版社．1999
[37] 严浩军．变电站电压无功综合自动控制问题探讨．电网技术．2000，27(7)：34～37
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[39] 石亚君．配电自动化数据库结构的研究和配电变压器经济运行分析．中国农业大学硕士论文．2000
[40] 王磊，黄纯．基于模糊控制理论的变电站电压无功综合控制装置的设计．继电器．2003，31(8)：40～42
[41] 刘志超，陈宏钟．基于专家系统的变电站电压无功控制装置．电力系统自动化．2003，27(2)：74～77
[42] 熊小伏，王志勇基于SCADA实时数据的变压器经济运行方式研究．电网技术．2003，27(7)：9～11
[2] 胡景生，裴铁成．电网经济运行与能源标准化．北京：中国标准出版社．2001
[3] 胡景生．变压器经济运行软件的开发与应用．节能．1996，(5)：43～47
[4] 王丹民．变压器经济运行分析．沈阳工业大学学报．1999，21(1)：38～40
[5] 李永．三绕组变压器经济运行实用计算．节能．2000，(6)：29～31
[6] 余文会，张山等．基于SCADA系统的变压器经济运行程序的二次开发．广东电力．2001，14(1)：31～32
[7] 黄强，游大海．变电站变压器经济运行的探讨．湖北电力．2001，25(2)：35～37
[8] 胡景生．电网经济运行节电技术综述．节能．2000(4)：23～28
[9] 徐建政，王剑等．神经元网络技术在变压器经济运行控制中的应用．继电器．2001，29(10)：34～37
[10] Vasedin Ⅵ. Economical regime of transformer operation. Promyshlennaya Energetika, Vol.18, NO:1, Jan 2000
[11] 魏胜宏．并列运行变压器经济运行方式的自动控制．节能技术．2001，19(3)：39～40
[12] 石新春，朱晓荣等．变压器运行方式优化计算机辅助设计．电力情报．1999(2)：13～16
[13] 杜贵卿，宋鲁华．变电站电压无功及经济运行的综合自动控制．2000(5)：13～15
[14] 谭玉玲．关于公用变压器的n-1运行方式与损耗的探讨。电网技术．2001，25(11)：74～76
[15] 高升，鲁粟．变电站变压器经济运行方式的研究．计算技术与自动化．2001，20(4)：28～31
[16] Kamavas, Yannis L, Papadopoulos, Demetrios P. Maintenance oriented algorithm for economic operation of an autonomous diesel-electric station. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 51, NO.2, August 1999
[17] Alomoush.M.L, Shahidehpour.S.M. Contingency-constrained congestion management with a minimum number of adjustments in preferred schedules. Internationl Journal of Electrical Power &Energy Systems, Vol. 22, NO. 4, May 2000
[18] 徐剑正，凌云．并列运行变压器经济运行模式分析．电力自动化设备．2001，21(9)：46～48
[19] 郝治国，赵学文等．变电站变压器经济运行实时监控系统．继电器．2002，30(1)：18～21
[20] 黄向前．浅谈变电所内变压器的经济运行．电网技术．2000，24(3)：65～69
[21] 胡国元．变电所变压器的技术特性优劣计算分析．中国电力．1997，30(9)：32～35
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