高温高浓度旋风分离器性能试验研究
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摘要
为了预测高温下浓度对分离器性能的影响,本文选用一个直径300mm的切流返转式旋风分离器,在常温到673K的温度范围内进行了性能试验研究。试验用粉料为二氧化硅与滑石粉,其中位粒径分别为16μm和16.5μm;入口浓度的变化范围2g/m3-60g/m3。试验测定了不同粉料入口气速、温度、浓度下旋风分离器的分离效率与压降。结果表明:①使用二氧化硅作为分离粉料时,分离效率随浓度的增加而降低;使用滑石粉作为分离粉料时,分离效率随浓度的增加而增加;②相同粉料时,旋风分离器的粒级效率随着浓度的变化趋势与分离效率一致;③随着浓度的增加,旋风分离器的压降成下降趋势,但是用滑石粉做的试验相对降低的趋势不如二氧化硅试验的明显;④使用二氧化硅作为试验粉料时,随着温度的升高,旋风分离器的分离效率下降。但是使用滑石粉作为试验粉料时,旋风分离器的分离效率随着温度的升高而升高;⑤随着温度的增加,旋风分离器的压降成下降趋势,在其他条件保持不变的情况下,粉料自身的性质对旋风分离器的能耗影响不是很大。
通过对已有试验结果的分析,表明:旋风分离器的粒级效率是斯托克斯数、雷诺数、弗劳德数以及一系列无因次尺寸参数的函数。结合以前的研究工作,本文还得出了分离性能与有关无量纲参数间的关系,而且温度和浓度对分离效率和压降影响的理论计算值与试验结果较吻合。
In order to predict the influence of operating temperatures and concentration on cyclone performance, an experimental investigation was conducted on particle separation in a reverse flow, tangential volute-inlet cyclone separator, which had a diameter of 300 millimeters, with air heated up to 673K. The test powder silica had a mass median diameter of ca. 16 microns and the test powder talcum had a mass median diameter of ca. 16 microns. The inlet concentration ranged from 2g/m3~60g/m3. Both the separation efficiency and pressure drop of the cyclone were measured as a function of the inlet velocity and operating temperature. Firstly, for silica powder, the separation efficiency decreased with the increase of concentration; but for talc powder, the separation efficiency increased with the rise of concentration. Secondly, the fractional efficiency exhibited the same trend as the separation efficiency when the dust concentration changed. Thirdly, for both test powders, an increase of dust concentration all resulted in a lower pressure drop though not to the same extent.. Forthly, as the temperature rised, the separation efficiency became higher for talc powder but lower for silica powder. Finally, With the increase in temperature, the pressure drop of a cyclone tended to fall with other conditions remained unchanged. It seemed that the physical property of the test powder had little influence on the cyclone pressure drop.
An analysis of our own data and published results showed that the fractional efficiency of a cyclone was a definite function of such dimensionless numbers as Stokes number, Reynolds number, Froude number and dimensionless cyclone inlet area and dimensionless outlet diameter. A non-dimensional experimental correlation of the cyclone performance, including the influence of temperature, was obtained on the basis of previous work. The prediction of the influence of temperature on separation efficiencies and pressure drops was in fairly good agreement with experimental results.
通过对已有试验结果的分析,表明:旋风分离器的粒级效率是斯托克斯数、雷诺数、弗劳德数以及一系列无因次尺寸参数的函数。结合以前的研究工作,本文还得出了分离性能与有关无量纲参数间的关系,而且温度和浓度对分离效率和压降影响的理论计算值与试验结果较吻合。
In order to predict the influence of operating temperatures and concentration on cyclone performance, an experimental investigation was conducted on particle separation in a reverse flow, tangential volute-inlet cyclone separator, which had a diameter of 300 millimeters, with air heated up to 673K. The test powder silica had a mass median diameter of ca. 16 microns and the test powder talcum had a mass median diameter of ca. 16 microns. The inlet concentration ranged from 2g/m3~60g/m3. Both the separation efficiency and pressure drop of the cyclone were measured as a function of the inlet velocity and operating temperature. Firstly, for silica powder, the separation efficiency decreased with the increase of concentration; but for talc powder, the separation efficiency increased with the rise of concentration. Secondly, the fractional efficiency exhibited the same trend as the separation efficiency when the dust concentration changed. Thirdly, for both test powders, an increase of dust concentration all resulted in a lower pressure drop though not to the same extent.. Forthly, as the temperature rised, the separation efficiency became higher for talc powder but lower for silica powder. Finally, With the increase in temperature, the pressure drop of a cyclone tended to fall with other conditions remained unchanged. It seemed that the physical property of the test powder had little influence on the cyclone pressure drop.
An analysis of our own data and published results showed that the fractional efficiency of a cyclone was a definite function of such dimensionless numbers as Stokes number, Reynolds number, Froude number and dimensionless cyclone inlet area and dimensionless outlet diameter. A non-dimensional experimental correlation of the cyclone performance, including the influence of temperature, was obtained on the basis of previous work. The prediction of the influence of temperature on separation efficiencies and pressure drops was in fairly good agreement with experimental results.
引文
[1] Shepherd C. B. , Lapple C. E. . Flow Pattern and Pressure Drop in Cyclone Dust Collectors. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry[J],1940,32(9):1246-1248
[2]金有海.蜗壳式旋风分离器相似放大实验研究[D].北京:石油大学,1988
[3] Lapple C. E..Gravity and Centrifugal Separation[J].Industrial Hygiene Quarterly,1950,11(1):40-48
[4] Linden A. J..Investigations into Cyclone Dust Collectors[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1949,160(2):233-240
[5] Barth.W. Berechnung und . Auslegung von Zyklonabscheidern auf Grund neuerer Unterscuhungen(in Germen) [J].Brennstoff Warme Kraft 8,1956,Heft 1:1-9
[6] Leith D.. and Licht. W..The Collection Efficiency of Cyclone Type Particle Collection-A New Theoretical Approach[J].AIChE Symp,1972,68(126):196-206
[7] Dietz P. W..Collection efficiency of cyclone sepatator[J].AIChE,1981,27:888-892
[8] Mothes H.,L &o& ffler F..Bewegung und Abscheidung der Partikelen im Zyklon[J].Chem.Ing.Tech.,1984,56(9):714
[9] Rosin P.,Rammler E.,Intelmann.Grundlagen and Grenzen der Zyklonentstaubung[J].Z. Ver. Dtsch. Ing,1932,76(16):433-438
[10]金国淼.除尘设备[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:32-46
[11] Stairmand C.J..The Design and Performance of Cyclone Separators[J].Trans.I.Chem.Eng.,1951,29:356～383
[12] Barth W. Berechnung und . Auslegung von Zyklonabscheidern auf Grund neuerer Untersuchungen[J]. Brennstoff-Warme-Kraft,1956,8 (1)
[13] Muschelnautz E. Auslegung von Zyklonabscheidern in der Technischen praxis[J]. Staub-Reinhalt der Luft,1970,30(5):1
[14]井伊谷刚一.除尘装置的性能[M].马文彦译.北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[15] Licht W..Air Pollution Control Engineering-Basic calculation for particulate collection[M].1980
[16] Mothes H,Loffler F..Investigation of cyclone grade efficiency using a light scattering particle size measuring technique[J].J Aerosol Sci,1982,13:184-185
[17] Mothes H,Loffler F..Prediction of particle removal in cyclone separators[J].Int.Chem.Eng,1988,28:231-240
[18]陈建义.PV型旋风分离器相似分析及分离机理的研究[D].北京:石油大学,1989
[19] Stairmand C. J..Pressure Drop in Collector Design[J].Engineering,1949,168:409
[20] Alexand R. er.Fundamentals of Cyclone Design and Operation[J].Proc. Aust. Inst. Min. Metall.,1949,152(3):203-208
[21] First M. W..Cyclone Dust Collector Design[J].Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.,1949,49:127
[22]管伟.不同温度下蜗壳式旋风分离器系统的性能研究[D].北京:石油大学,2002
[23]时铭显等.旋风分离器技术的研究与开发[J].旋风分离器技术与设备研究成果与论文选集,1995:1-12
[24]金有海等.相似理论在旋风分离器中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1990,14(2)
[25]金有海等.PV型旋风分离器捕集效率计算方法的研究[J].石油学报(石油加工),1995,11(2)
[26]金有海,时铭显.旋风分离器分离性能计算模型分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1991,15(2):81-91
[27]金有海,陈建义,时铭显.PV型旋风分离器捕集效率计算方法的研究[J].石油加工,1995,13(3):282-285
[28]金有海,时铭显.旋风分离器相似放大实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1990,14(5):46-55
[29]李之光.相似与模化的理论及应用[M].国防工业出版社,1982
[30]刘建仁.相似旋风分离器特性的研究[M].湖南大学,1981
[31] Bürkholz.A.Approximation formulae for Particle Separation in Cyclones[J].Ger.Chem.Eng,1985,8
[32]小川明.气体中颗粒的分离[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991
[33] First M. W..Cyclone Dust Collector Design[J].Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.,1949,49:127
[34] Zhou Li , Zhang ZI-sheng , and Yu Kou-Tsung . Study of structure parameters of cyclones[J].Chem.Eng.Res.Des.,1988,66:114-120
[35] Kim W.S.,Lee J.W..Collection efficiency model based on boundary-layer characteristics for cyclones[J].AIChEJ,1997,43(10):2446-2455
[36] Parent J. D..Efficiency of Small Cyclone (Aerotec) as a function of Loading Temperature and Pressure Drop[J].Trans. AICHE,1946,42:989-999
[37] Alexand R.er.Fundamentals of Cyclone Design and Operation. Proc[J].Aust. Inst. Min. Metall.,1949,152(3):203-208
[38] Ernst M. et al . Evaluation of a Cyclone Dust collector for High Temperature High Pressure[J].Particle Control. Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Der.,1981;21(1):158～161
[39] Parker R. et al . Particle Collection in Cyclones at High Temperature and High Pressure[J].Environmental Science Technology,1981,15(4):451-458
[40] Wheeldon. J. M. and Burnard G. K..Performance of cyclones in the off-gas path of a pressurized fluidized bed combustor[J].Filtr. Sep.,1987,24(3):178-187
[41] Patterson P. A. and Munz R. J..Gas and Particle Flow Patterns in Cyclones at Room and Elevated Temperatures[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,1996,74(4):213-220
[42] Bohnet. M. & Lorenz T. . Separation efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones at high temperatures[J].In R. Clift. & J. P. K. Seville. Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures,London: Chapman & Hall,1993,1-15
[43]许士森等.温度和压力对旋风分离器高温性能的影响[J].动力工程,1997,17(2):53-58
[44]许士森.细微尘粒的预团聚对旋风分离器高温除尘性能影响的实验研究[J].动力工程,1999,19(4):310-313
[45]刁永发等.高温旋风分离分级效率的理论计算及其分析[J].化工机械,2000,27(1):16-19
[46] Chen J. Y. and Shi M. X. . Analysis on Cyclone Collection Efficiencies At High Temperrature[J].China Particuology,2003,1(1):20-26
[47]李文琦,陈建义.旋风分离器高温性能试验研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(3):97-100
[48]谭天佑等.工业除尘通风技术[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1984
[49]罗晓兰,陈建义,杜美华.入口含尘浓度对旋风分离器效率影响规律的研究[J].石油化工设备技术,1999,20(2):8-10
[50]陈建义,罗晓兰.含尘条件下PV型旋风分离器压降的计算[J].石油化工设备技术,1997,18(4):1-3
[51] Muschelknautz. E. and Brunner K..Untersuchungen an Zyklonen (in German) [J].Chem. Ing. Techn.,1967,39(9):531-538
[52]罗晓兰.PV型旋风分离器性能计算方法的研究[D].北京:石油大学,1989
[53] Bohnet. M. & Lorenz T. . Separation efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones at hightemperatures[J].In R. Clift. & J. P. K. Seville. Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, London: Chapman & Hall,1993,1-15
[54] Patterson P. A. and Munz R. J..Gas and Particle Flow Patterns in Cyclones at Room and Elevated Temperatures[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,1996,74(4):213-220
[55]吴雯雯.蜗壳式旋风分离器内流场的实验研究[D].山东东营:石油大学,2002
[56] Parker R.et al.Particle Collection in Cyclones at High Temperature and High Pressure[J]. Environmental Science Technology,1981,15(4):451-458
[2]金有海.蜗壳式旋风分离器相似放大实验研究[D].北京:石油大学,1988
[3] Lapple C. E..Gravity and Centrifugal Separation[J].Industrial Hygiene Quarterly,1950,11(1):40-48
[4] Linden A. J..Investigations into Cyclone Dust Collectors[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1949,160(2):233-240
[5] Barth.W. Berechnung und . Auslegung von Zyklonabscheidern auf Grund neuerer Unterscuhungen(in Germen) [J].Brennstoff Warme Kraft 8,1956,Heft 1:1-9
[6] Leith D.. and Licht. W..The Collection Efficiency of Cyclone Type Particle Collection-A New Theoretical Approach[J].AIChE Symp,1972,68(126):196-206
[7] Dietz P. W..Collection efficiency of cyclone sepatator[J].AIChE,1981,27:888-892
[8] Mothes H.,L &o& ffler F..Bewegung und Abscheidung der Partikelen im Zyklon[J].Chem.Ing.Tech.,1984,56(9):714
[9] Rosin P.,Rammler E.,Intelmann.Grundlagen and Grenzen der Zyklonentstaubung[J].Z. Ver. Dtsch. Ing,1932,76(16):433-438
[10]金国淼.除尘设备[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:32-46
[11] Stairmand C.J..The Design and Performance of Cyclone Separators[J].Trans.I.Chem.Eng.,1951,29:356～383
[12] Barth W. Berechnung und . Auslegung von Zyklonabscheidern auf Grund neuerer Untersuchungen[J]. Brennstoff-Warme-Kraft,1956,8 (1)
[13] Muschelnautz E. Auslegung von Zyklonabscheidern in der Technischen praxis[J]. Staub-Reinhalt der Luft,1970,30(5):1
[14]井伊谷刚一.除尘装置的性能[M].马文彦译.北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[15] Licht W..Air Pollution Control Engineering-Basic calculation for particulate collection[M].1980
[16] Mothes H,Loffler F..Investigation of cyclone grade efficiency using a light scattering particle size measuring technique[J].J Aerosol Sci,1982,13:184-185
[17] Mothes H,Loffler F..Prediction of particle removal in cyclone separators[J].Int.Chem.Eng,1988,28:231-240
[18]陈建义.PV型旋风分离器相似分析及分离机理的研究[D].北京:石油大学,1989
[19] Stairmand C. J..Pressure Drop in Collector Design[J].Engineering,1949,168:409
[20] Alexand R. er.Fundamentals of Cyclone Design and Operation[J].Proc. Aust. Inst. Min. Metall.,1949,152(3):203-208
[21] First M. W..Cyclone Dust Collector Design[J].Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.,1949,49:127
[22]管伟.不同温度下蜗壳式旋风分离器系统的性能研究[D].北京:石油大学,2002
[23]时铭显等.旋风分离器技术的研究与开发[J].旋风分离器技术与设备研究成果与论文选集,1995:1-12
[24]金有海等.相似理论在旋风分离器中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1990,14(2)
[25]金有海等.PV型旋风分离器捕集效率计算方法的研究[J].石油学报(石油加工),1995,11(2)
[26]金有海,时铭显.旋风分离器分离性能计算模型分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1991,15(2):81-91
[27]金有海,陈建义,时铭显.PV型旋风分离器捕集效率计算方法的研究[J].石油加工,1995,13(3):282-285
[28]金有海,时铭显.旋风分离器相似放大实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1990,14(5):46-55
[29]李之光.相似与模化的理论及应用[M].国防工业出版社,1982
[30]刘建仁.相似旋风分离器特性的研究[M].湖南大学,1981
[31] Bürkholz.A.Approximation formulae for Particle Separation in Cyclones[J].Ger.Chem.Eng,1985,8
[32]小川明.气体中颗粒的分离[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991
[33] First M. W..Cyclone Dust Collector Design[J].Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.,1949,49:127
[34] Zhou Li , Zhang ZI-sheng , and Yu Kou-Tsung . Study of structure parameters of cyclones[J].Chem.Eng.Res.Des.,1988,66:114-120
[35] Kim W.S.,Lee J.W..Collection efficiency model based on boundary-layer characteristics for cyclones[J].AIChEJ,1997,43(10):2446-2455
[36] Parent J. D..Efficiency of Small Cyclone (Aerotec) as a function of Loading Temperature and Pressure Drop[J].Trans. AICHE,1946,42:989-999
[37] Alexand R.er.Fundamentals of Cyclone Design and Operation. Proc[J].Aust. Inst. Min. Metall.,1949,152(3):203-208
[38] Ernst M. et al . Evaluation of a Cyclone Dust collector for High Temperature High Pressure[J].Particle Control. Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Der.,1981;21(1):158～161
[39] Parker R. et al . Particle Collection in Cyclones at High Temperature and High Pressure[J].Environmental Science Technology,1981,15(4):451-458
[40] Wheeldon. J. M. and Burnard G. K..Performance of cyclones in the off-gas path of a pressurized fluidized bed combustor[J].Filtr. Sep.,1987,24(3):178-187
[41] Patterson P. A. and Munz R. J..Gas and Particle Flow Patterns in Cyclones at Room and Elevated Temperatures[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,1996,74(4):213-220
[42] Bohnet. M. & Lorenz T. . Separation efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones at high temperatures[J].In R. Clift. & J. P. K. Seville. Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures,London: Chapman & Hall,1993,1-15
[43]许士森等.温度和压力对旋风分离器高温性能的影响[J].动力工程,1997,17(2):53-58
[44]许士森.细微尘粒的预团聚对旋风分离器高温除尘性能影响的实验研究[J].动力工程,1999,19(4):310-313
[45]刁永发等.高温旋风分离分级效率的理论计算及其分析[J].化工机械,2000,27(1):16-19
[46] Chen J. Y. and Shi M. X. . Analysis on Cyclone Collection Efficiencies At High Temperrature[J].China Particuology,2003,1(1):20-26
[47]李文琦,陈建义.旋风分离器高温性能试验研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(3):97-100
[48]谭天佑等.工业除尘通风技术[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1984
[49]罗晓兰,陈建义,杜美华.入口含尘浓度对旋风分离器效率影响规律的研究[J].石油化工设备技术,1999,20(2):8-10
[50]陈建义,罗晓兰.含尘条件下PV型旋风分离器压降的计算[J].石油化工设备技术,1997,18(4):1-3
[51] Muschelknautz. E. and Brunner K..Untersuchungen an Zyklonen (in German) [J].Chem. Ing. Techn.,1967,39(9):531-538
[52]罗晓兰.PV型旋风分离器性能计算方法的研究[D].北京:石油大学,1989
[53] Bohnet. M. & Lorenz T. . Separation efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones at hightemperatures[J].In R. Clift. & J. P. K. Seville. Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, London: Chapman & Hall,1993,1-15
[54] Patterson P. A. and Munz R. J..Gas and Particle Flow Patterns in Cyclones at Room and Elevated Temperatures[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,1996,74(4):213-220
[55]吴雯雯.蜗壳式旋风分离器内流场的实验研究[D].山东东营:石油大学,2002
[56] Parker R.et al.Particle Collection in Cyclones at High Temperature and High Pressure[J]. Environmental Science Technology,1981,15(4):451-458