科尔沁沙地杨柴沙障对小气候及植被恢复影响的研究
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摘要
本文以巴林右旗科尔沁沙地1a、3a、5a生杨柴(Hedysarum laeve )沙障为研究对象,对营建沙障迎风坡不同坡位主要气象因子的日变化采用平行对比观测法,定时定点观测;并对沙障网格内的植被恢复情况进行了调查和分析。结果表明:1.杨柴沙障对沙地小气候的影响主要表现为降低风速,提高气温和减小温度日较差,增加空气相对湿度。2.杨柴沙障对小气候的影响随着沙障生长年限增加而变化:第1～3(4)年随着杨柴的不断生长,杨柴沙障对小气候的调节作用逐渐加强;第5年随杨柴沙障生长衰退,对小气候的调节作用减弱。3.秋季扦插的杨柴沙障即可降低风速,翌春成活后对小气候的调控作用逐渐加强,为植被恢复创造了有利的环境条件。4.对植被恢复的影响表现为植物种类明显增多,生活型、科属结构多样化,植被盖度提高,且治理时间越长,植被恢复程度越高。5.不同坡位的杨柴沙障对小气候、植被恢复的影响不同,位于迎风坡中部的沙障对沙地小气候的改善作用最明显,沙障网格内植物种类较多,植被覆盖度较大,更利于植被恢复。
This article took the one-year-old, three-year-old and five-year-old Hedysarum leave sand barriers as the study object, adopting the parallel observation at the timing and fixed point observed the main meteorological factors of the different slope positions in the windward slope where were established sand barriers in Balinyouqi Horqin sandy ground, also surveying and analyzing the status of vegetation restoration in the sand barrier grids. The results showed that: 1.The influences of the Hedysarum leave barriers to the micro-climate were reduced the wind velocity; elevated the air temperature and the air relative humidity also could reduce diurnal temperature range. 2. The influences of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers to the micro-climate varied with the increasing growth yeas, the Hedysarum leave sand barriers gradually strengthened the regulation effects on the micro-climate with the growing of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers in the one to three (four)-old-year; and the effects would be weakened in the five year with the growth declination of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers.3. The cutting Hedysarum leave sand barriers could reduce the wind velocity in the autumn, and they would be alive in the next spring which were gradually strengthened the regulation effects on the micro-climate, so that created the favorable environment condition. 4. The influences of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers to the vegetation restoration were the plants species obviously had increased, the life form and family genus structure of plants had a tendency of diversification, also the extent of vegetation restoration were higher with the control time.5.The Hedysarum leave sand barriers in the different slope position had different effects on the micro-climate and vegetation restoration, so the Hedysarum leave sand barriers in the middle slope position had the most obvious improving effects, also in the Hedysarum leave sand barriers grids had the more plants species, the plant coverage was higher, which were beneficial to the vegetation restoration.
This article took the one-year-old, three-year-old and five-year-old Hedysarum leave sand barriers as the study object, adopting the parallel observation at the timing and fixed point observed the main meteorological factors of the different slope positions in the windward slope where were established sand barriers in Balinyouqi Horqin sandy ground, also surveying and analyzing the status of vegetation restoration in the sand barrier grids. The results showed that: 1.The influences of the Hedysarum leave barriers to the micro-climate were reduced the wind velocity; elevated the air temperature and the air relative humidity also could reduce diurnal temperature range. 2. The influences of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers to the micro-climate varied with the increasing growth yeas, the Hedysarum leave sand barriers gradually strengthened the regulation effects on the micro-climate with the growing of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers in the one to three (four)-old-year; and the effects would be weakened in the five year with the growth declination of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers.3. The cutting Hedysarum leave sand barriers could reduce the wind velocity in the autumn, and they would be alive in the next spring which were gradually strengthened the regulation effects on the micro-climate, so that created the favorable environment condition. 4. The influences of the Hedysarum leave sand barriers to the vegetation restoration were the plants species obviously had increased, the life form and family genus structure of plants had a tendency of diversification, also the extent of vegetation restoration were higher with the control time.5.The Hedysarum leave sand barriers in the different slope position had different effects on the micro-climate and vegetation restoration, so the Hedysarum leave sand barriers in the middle slope position had the most obvious improving effects, also in the Hedysarum leave sand barriers grids had the more plants species, the plant coverage was higher, which were beneficial to the vegetation restoration.
引文
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3 孟琳.科尔沁沙地植物沙障对环境因子改善作用研究[D]. 东北林业大学,2006
4 孙保平.荒漠化防治工程学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
5 陈兰周,刘永定,李敦海,等.荒漠藻类及其结皮的研究.中国科学基金[J],2003, 2:90-93.
6 曹显军.治理高大流动沙丘技术介绍植物再生沙障.内蒙古林业[J].2000,2:30.
7 董慧涵,古伯根.白云山风景区林地小气候与环境.广州师院学报(自然科学版) [J].1995,(1):24-33.
8 闰明,钟章成,乔秀红.绪云山片断常绿阔叶林小气候边缘效应的初步研究.应用生态学报[J].2006,17(1):17-21.
9 王兴翠,刘克长,杨吉华,等.黄泛沙地杨树丰产林改善小气候效应的研究.水土保持研究[J].2005,12(6):206-209.
10 哈斯,刘兴汉,邸瑞奇,等.裸沙地牧草防风固沙屏障小气候效应.内蒙古农业科技[J].2004(s2): 160-161.
11 廖超英,李广毅.毛乌素沙地防风固沙林结构与效益研究.水土保持研究[J].1995,2(2):90-98.
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13 陈炳浩,郝玉光.乌兰布和沙区区域性防护林体系气候生态效益评价的研究.林业科学研究[J].2003,16(1):63-68.
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15 李玉灵,王林和.乌兰布和沙漠东缘几种灌木林微气候特征比较.内蒙古林学院学报(自然科学版)[J],1997,19(4):14-19.
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17 张小由.裸沙地上建立人工植被后的若干小气候效应.中国农业气象[J].1995,16(2):37-40.
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20 陈棣.黑龙江省沙质荒漠化土地治理的生态效益研究.防护林科技[J].2002,1:12-13.
21 王宗灵,张克智,王刚.沙坡头人工固沙区草本层片结构组成与群落演替规律分析.草业学报[J],1997,6 (3) :76-80.
22 张龙生.毛乌素沙地东南部人工植被演替研究.中国沙漠,1994,14 (1):79-82.
23 Zhang J, Zhao H, Zhang T et al. Community succession along a chronosequence of vegetation restoration on sand dunes in Horqin Sandy Land. Journal of Arid Environments,2005,62 (4):555-566.
24 Ren Jun,Tao Ling,Liu Xinmin. Effect of different microhabitats and stand age on survival of introduced sand-fixing plants. Journal of Arid Environments,2002,51(3): 413-418.
25 曹成有,蒋德明,阿拉木萨,等.小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙区植被恢复生态过程的研究.应用生态学报[J],2000,11(3) :349-354.
26 史小红.科尔沁沙地植被演替特征与土壤特性实验分析[D].内蒙古农业大学,2004.
27 赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化的过程及植被恢复机理[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
28 刘公社.中国北方农牧交错带可持续发展研究.科技导报[J],1999,(10):6-9.
29 贾晓红 , 李新荣 , 王新平等 . 流沙固定过程中土壤性质变异初步研究 . 水土保持学报[J],2003,17(4):46-50.
30 肖洪浪,李新荣,段争虎,等.流沙固定过程中土壤—植被系统演变对水环境的影响.土壤学报[J],2003,40(6):809-814.
31 肖洪浪,李新荣,段争虎,等.流沙固定过程中土壤-植被系统演变,中国沙漠[J].2003,23 (6):605-611.
32 肖洪浪 , 李新荣 , 宋耀选 , 等 . 土壤 - 植被系统演变对生物防沙工程的影响 . 林业科学[J],2004,40(1) :24-30.
33 陈隆亨,陈文瑞.腾格里沙漠东南缘流沙自然固定的土壤形成过程.治沙研究第七号[M].北京:科学出版社,1965.
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