当代印度高校与高技术产业的联结研究
摘要
在知识经济时代的今天,高校与高技术产业的关系十分密切,二者的联结已成为世界高等教育发展的一个显著趋势。世界各国都在加强高校与高技术产业的联结,以促进其高等教育、高技术产业及国家经济的发展。20世纪80年代以来,印度在经济、教育、科技等方面发展迅猛,成绩显著,引起了世界范围的关注。而在印度崛起的过程中,高校作出了卓越贡献,特别表现在对高技术产业发展的促进上。作为同处亚洲的发展中大国,中国与印度在国情上有着诸多的相似之处,印度高校与高技术产业联结过程中的经验与教训能为我们提供有益的借鉴与启示。鉴于此,本论文对印度高校与高技术产业的联结进行了全面深入的研究,并因此对我国高校与高技术产业的联结提出了参考性建议。
本论文的研究对象是印度高校与高技术产业的“联结点”,主要研究目标是在厘清高校与高技术产业关系的基础上,分析归纳印度高校与高技术产业联结的主要路径,探究印度高校与高技术产业联结得以形成的条件,分析印度高校与高技术产业联结的成效与不足,并力求全面地总结当代印度高校与高技术产业联结的经验,以为我国高校与高技术产业联结提供可资借鉴的建议。为此,本论文运用三重螺旋模型和人力资本理论,采用文献法、比较法、案例法等研究方法,对印度高校与高技术产业联结的路径、条件、成效、问题及经验等进行了较为系统的研究。
论文共由七部分构成,各部分内容如下：
“绪论”部分,主要说明了本研究的核心概念和研究意义,并在分析国内外相关文献的基础上,确立了本论文的理论基础、研究思路及研究方法。
第一章,高校与高技术产业的联结是高等教育发展一个显著趋势。从纵向角度看,高校与高技术产业的联结是历史发展的必然；从横向角度看,世界各国在知识经济时代都非常强调高校与高技术产业的联结。印度从上世纪80年代开始也逐渐注重了高校与高技术产业的联结。
第二章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的路径与管理。印度高校与高技术产业联结的路径可以归纳为两种类型：间接路径与直接路径。其中,间接路径是指高校与高技术产业以劳动力市场为中介而发生的联系,即通过高校培养和高技术企业雇用的人才而发生的联结。直接路径包括高校与产业界的教育合作、研发合作、服务与捐赠等。印度高校与高技术产业联结的管理涉及多个机构与部门,主要包括相关政府部门和一些协调性组织。
第三章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的条件。印度高校与高技术产业的联结是多种因素综合作用的结果。其中,政府通过各种政策及措施进行鼓励与引导是联结的基本条件,高校与高技术企业自身的不断发展与变革是联结的必要条件,国际国内市场的需求与刺激是联结的外驱动力,不断完善的法律法规是联结的环境保障,各种行业性组织所起的中介与促进作用是联结的重要纽带,而印度社会的文化与传统则是联结的隐性力量。
第四章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的成效与问题。印度高校与高技术产业联结的成效包括对印度高等教育发展的促进、对高技术产业发展的促进以及为印度经济、社会发展所作出的巨大贡献。印度高校与高技术产业联结的问题,总体上看是这些联结以劳动力市场为主,联结程度还比较薄弱,而且各方面的联结表现出较大的不均衡性。
第五章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的经验与启示。印度高校与高技术产业联结的经验包括选择适合国情的发展模式、注重政府职能的转变、充分利用各种外力及注重人才培养的层次性等方面。借鉴印度的经验与教训,我国需要注意完善高校与高技术产业间的联结机制,加快政府职能的转变,注重人才培养的层次性,充分利用私人资金,注重高等工程教育的质量与认证工作,创设良好的人才培养与配置机制。
“结语”部分,强调了中国与印度教育比较、研究、交流及借鉴的必要性与重要性,并总结了本论文的创新之处以及本研究不足和需要进一步研究的问题。
In today's Knowledge Based Economy Times, universities and high-tech industry are very closely linked, which has become a significant trend in worldly higher education.Countries all over the world are strengthening the linkages between universities and high-tech industry to promote their higher education, high-tech industry and national economic development. Since the 80s of the 20th century, India has aroused worldwide concern for its rapid development and noteable achivements in the fields of economy, education,scienc and technology, among which universities had made outstanding contributions in the course of the rise of India, especially to the promotion of high-tech industrial development. China as a large developing country in Asia, shares many similarities with India in national conditions. The experience and lessons of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India can provide us with useful references and inspirations. Thus this thesis is aimed to conduct an in-depth study over the the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India by a comprehensive way, and also, to make reference suggestions on the linkages between universities and high-tech industry for China.
The subject of this thesis is the "linkage point" of universities and high-tech industry in India, the main research goal is to analyze and induct the principle path, forming conditions of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry, and to analyze its effects and inadequate based on clarification of the relationship between universities and high-tech industry. It aims to sum up the experience in the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India, in order to provide useful reference suggestions to the linkages between universities and high-tech industry to China. To this end, employed the methods of the triple helix model and the human capital theory, using literature, comparative law, and case law, this thesis is aimed to conduct a systematically research on the path, conditions, results, problems and experience of the the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India.
The thesis is divided into seven sections as follows:
"Introduction" section is mainly to explain the core concept and the significance of this study. Based on the literature both domestic and foreign, it established the theoretical basis, research ideas and methods of this thesis,.
The first chapter argues that the linkages between universities and high-tech industry is a significant trend in higher education. From the vertical perspective, it is a historical necessity; from the horizontal angle of view, in a time knowledge economy, the linkages between universities and high-tech industry is much stressed in each country. India, in the 80s of last century, has started and paid more attention on it.
ChapterⅡanalyzes the path and administration of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India. The path of which can be summarized into two types:indirect path and direct path. Among them, the indirect path is the linkage of universities and high-tech industries through the medium of labor market, that is to say, the linkage brought by university training and employment in high-tech enterprises. Direct path includes the educational cooperation of university and industry, R&D cooperation and services and donations. The administration of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India involves many agencies and departments, mainly including relevant government departments and a number of cooperative organizations.
ChapterⅢillustrates the conditions of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India. It is the synthetically result of various factors. Among which, the basic condition are the various policies and measures adopted by government to encourage and guide the linkage. The necessary condition of which is the continuous development and change of universities and high-tech enterprises. Market demand and stimulate of international and domestic are the external drive of the linkage, and the continuously improving laws and regulations are the environmental protection. The various industry organizations played an intermediary role in promoting the important linkage, and the cultural and traditional Indian society is its hidden power.
ChapterⅣilluminates effects and the problems of India's the linkages between universities and high-tech industry. It has make great contributions to the promotion of higher education in India, to promote high-tech industrial development as well as the Indian economic and social development. The problems of which, however, generally these linkage mainly in labor market, is comparatively week, and the link in each aspect performed a large imbalance.
Chapter V sums up the experience and enlightenment of India's the linkages between universities and high-tech industry. The experience of which including the options of adaptive development model for national conditions, emphasizing the change of government functions, full use of external force and the level of personnel training and other aspects. Learning from the experience and lessons of India, China need to pay attention to improve the mechanism of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry, accelerate the change of government functions, put more importance on the level of personnel training, the full use of private funds, pay attention to the quality of higher engineering education and certification, creating Good personnel training and deployment mechanism.
"Conclusion" section emphasizes the necessity and importance of the educational comparison, research and communication between China and India. It also summarizes the innovation of this thesis, the research inadequacy and problems that need further study.
本论文的研究对象是印度高校与高技术产业的“联结点”,主要研究目标是在厘清高校与高技术产业关系的基础上,分析归纳印度高校与高技术产业联结的主要路径,探究印度高校与高技术产业联结得以形成的条件,分析印度高校与高技术产业联结的成效与不足,并力求全面地总结当代印度高校与高技术产业联结的经验,以为我国高校与高技术产业联结提供可资借鉴的建议。为此,本论文运用三重螺旋模型和人力资本理论,采用文献法、比较法、案例法等研究方法,对印度高校与高技术产业联结的路径、条件、成效、问题及经验等进行了较为系统的研究。
论文共由七部分构成,各部分内容如下：
“绪论”部分,主要说明了本研究的核心概念和研究意义,并在分析国内外相关文献的基础上,确立了本论文的理论基础、研究思路及研究方法。
第一章,高校与高技术产业的联结是高等教育发展一个显著趋势。从纵向角度看,高校与高技术产业的联结是历史发展的必然；从横向角度看,世界各国在知识经济时代都非常强调高校与高技术产业的联结。印度从上世纪80年代开始也逐渐注重了高校与高技术产业的联结。
第二章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的路径与管理。印度高校与高技术产业联结的路径可以归纳为两种类型：间接路径与直接路径。其中,间接路径是指高校与高技术产业以劳动力市场为中介而发生的联系,即通过高校培养和高技术企业雇用的人才而发生的联结。直接路径包括高校与产业界的教育合作、研发合作、服务与捐赠等。印度高校与高技术产业联结的管理涉及多个机构与部门,主要包括相关政府部门和一些协调性组织。
第三章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的条件。印度高校与高技术产业的联结是多种因素综合作用的结果。其中,政府通过各种政策及措施进行鼓励与引导是联结的基本条件,高校与高技术企业自身的不断发展与变革是联结的必要条件,国际国内市场的需求与刺激是联结的外驱动力,不断完善的法律法规是联结的环境保障,各种行业性组织所起的中介与促进作用是联结的重要纽带,而印度社会的文化与传统则是联结的隐性力量。
第四章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的成效与问题。印度高校与高技术产业联结的成效包括对印度高等教育发展的促进、对高技术产业发展的促进以及为印度经济、社会发展所作出的巨大贡献。印度高校与高技术产业联结的问题,总体上看是这些联结以劳动力市场为主,联结程度还比较薄弱,而且各方面的联结表现出较大的不均衡性。
第五章,印度高校与高技术产业联结的经验与启示。印度高校与高技术产业联结的经验包括选择适合国情的发展模式、注重政府职能的转变、充分利用各种外力及注重人才培养的层次性等方面。借鉴印度的经验与教训,我国需要注意完善高校与高技术产业间的联结机制,加快政府职能的转变,注重人才培养的层次性,充分利用私人资金,注重高等工程教育的质量与认证工作,创设良好的人才培养与配置机制。
“结语”部分,强调了中国与印度教育比较、研究、交流及借鉴的必要性与重要性,并总结了本论文的创新之处以及本研究不足和需要进一步研究的问题。
In today's Knowledge Based Economy Times, universities and high-tech industry are very closely linked, which has become a significant trend in worldly higher education.Countries all over the world are strengthening the linkages between universities and high-tech industry to promote their higher education, high-tech industry and national economic development. Since the 80s of the 20th century, India has aroused worldwide concern for its rapid development and noteable achivements in the fields of economy, education,scienc and technology, among which universities had made outstanding contributions in the course of the rise of India, especially to the promotion of high-tech industrial development. China as a large developing country in Asia, shares many similarities with India in national conditions. The experience and lessons of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India can provide us with useful references and inspirations. Thus this thesis is aimed to conduct an in-depth study over the the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India by a comprehensive way, and also, to make reference suggestions on the linkages between universities and high-tech industry for China.
The subject of this thesis is the "linkage point" of universities and high-tech industry in India, the main research goal is to analyze and induct the principle path, forming conditions of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry, and to analyze its effects and inadequate based on clarification of the relationship between universities and high-tech industry. It aims to sum up the experience in the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India, in order to provide useful reference suggestions to the linkages between universities and high-tech industry to China. To this end, employed the methods of the triple helix model and the human capital theory, using literature, comparative law, and case law, this thesis is aimed to conduct a systematically research on the path, conditions, results, problems and experience of the the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India.
The thesis is divided into seven sections as follows:
"Introduction" section is mainly to explain the core concept and the significance of this study. Based on the literature both domestic and foreign, it established the theoretical basis, research ideas and methods of this thesis,.
The first chapter argues that the linkages between universities and high-tech industry is a significant trend in higher education. From the vertical perspective, it is a historical necessity; from the horizontal angle of view, in a time knowledge economy, the linkages between universities and high-tech industry is much stressed in each country. India, in the 80s of last century, has started and paid more attention on it.
ChapterⅡanalyzes the path and administration of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India. The path of which can be summarized into two types:indirect path and direct path. Among them, the indirect path is the linkage of universities and high-tech industries through the medium of labor market, that is to say, the linkage brought by university training and employment in high-tech enterprises. Direct path includes the educational cooperation of university and industry, R&D cooperation and services and donations. The administration of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India involves many agencies and departments, mainly including relevant government departments and a number of cooperative organizations.
ChapterⅢillustrates the conditions of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry in India. It is the synthetically result of various factors. Among which, the basic condition are the various policies and measures adopted by government to encourage and guide the linkage. The necessary condition of which is the continuous development and change of universities and high-tech enterprises. Market demand and stimulate of international and domestic are the external drive of the linkage, and the continuously improving laws and regulations are the environmental protection. The various industry organizations played an intermediary role in promoting the important linkage, and the cultural and traditional Indian society is its hidden power.
ChapterⅣilluminates effects and the problems of India's the linkages between universities and high-tech industry. It has make great contributions to the promotion of higher education in India, to promote high-tech industrial development as well as the Indian economic and social development. The problems of which, however, generally these linkage mainly in labor market, is comparatively week, and the link in each aspect performed a large imbalance.
Chapter V sums up the experience and enlightenment of India's the linkages between universities and high-tech industry. The experience of which including the options of adaptive development model for national conditions, emphasizing the change of government functions, full use of external force and the level of personnel training and other aspects. Learning from the experience and lessons of India, China need to pay attention to improve the mechanism of the linkages between universities and high-tech industry, accelerate the change of government functions, put more importance on the level of personnel training, the full use of private funds, pay attention to the quality of higher engineering education and certification, creating Good personnel training and deployment mechanism.
"Conclusion" section emphasizes the necessity and importance of the educational comparison, research and communication between China and India. It also summarizes the innovation of this thesis, the research inadequacy and problems that need further study.
引文
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