我国休闲农业资源开发与产业化发展研究
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摘要
随着我国对“三农问题”的重视及其产业结构调整,农业和农村产业结构不断优化,传统农业加速向现代农业方向发展。休闲农业作为现代农业发展的一种模式,将传统农业从第一产业延伸到第三产业,是农业和旅游业相结合的新型产业。休闲农业涉及面广、产业链条长、带动力强、关联度大,休闲农业资源开发与产业化发展是加快传统农业改造升级,优化农业产业结构,拓宽农业发展方向,提高农业发展层次,实现农业战略转型,促进农村经济、社会、文化全面进步的重要举措。随着我国城镇化进程的加快、城乡居民可支配收入和消费支出能力的提高、居民消费方式和消费结构的转变,休闲农业已从萌芽起步、初步发展阶段进入快速发展阶段。
     应用区域经济学、产业经济学、农业经济学和体验经济学的相关理论与方法,解析休闲农业产业体系的构成、特征、功能和价值,基于经济系统、社会系统、产业系统、支撑系统对休闲农业产业化的支撑作用,分析休闲农业产业化的开发基础与运行机理。在对休闲农业资源类型、价值与开发特征进行分析的基础上,构建结构方程模型定量分析休闲农业产业化运行机理,模拟并分析我国休闲农业发展具有代表性的40个城市休闲农业产业化运行的传导路径与关键因素,进而构建休闲农业产业发展的经营模式、布局模式和组织模式,并提出休闲农业产业化发展的优化机制与具体措施,为不同等级城市休闲农业产业规模化、集聚化发展提供理论参考,对我国休闲农业资源的可持续开发和休闲农业产业化发展战略与政策的制定具有借鉴意义。论文主要内容如下:
     (1)休闲农业发展的概念体系与基本理论。对休闲农业产业系统相关概念,包括休闲与休闲产业、农业与休闲农业、休闲农业资源、产业化与休闲农业产业化等进行了界定,系统探讨了休闲农业体系的基本内涵、构成、特征、结构、功能、意义等基本理论问题,并对休闲农业产业发展的核心理论及基本理论进行了梳理。
     (2)休闲农业资源开发现状与开发路径分析。明确休闲农业资源分类原则,将休闲农业资源具体分为生产资源、生活资源、生态资源三大类,分析休闲农业资源开发现状、存在问题以及影响因素,探讨休闲农业资源的开发路径与开发方式。
     (3)休闲农业产业化开发基础分析与评价。构建休闲农业资源评价指标体系,从审美价值、参与价值、文化价值、集群价值、科学价值五方面,对我国休闲农业产业发展具有代表性的40个城市的休闲农业资源价值进行评价。根据对休闲农业产业化开发基础构成要素的分析,将开发基础系统分为经济系统、社会系统、产业系统、支撑系统等四个子系统,构建休闲农业产业化开发基础评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对东部17个城市、中部6个城市、西部13个城市、东北部4个城市休闲农业产业化开发基础进行量化辨识与等级划分,进而分析休闲农业产业化开发基础各子系统及复合系统发展状态的时间演变轨迹和空间差异特征,判断40个代表性城市休闲农业产业发展阶段与产业化开发能力。
     (4)休闲农业产业化运行机理分析。在对休闲农业产业化开发基础进行主成分分析的基础上,提炼出休闲农业产业化运行的核心要素,并分析各要素间相互作用关系;应用结构方程模型,经过提出假设、构建模型、拟合评价、调整修正、结果检验等步骤,对休闲农业产业化运行条件与形成机理进行定量模拟;总结出休闲农业产业化运行的传导路径与关键因素,据此构建休闲农业产业化运行结构模型。
     (5)休闲农业产业化开发模式构建。根据休闲农业产业化开发基础及运行机理的研究结论,提出休闲农业产业化开发模式,包括产业经营模式、产业布局模式及产业组织模式。
     (6)休闲农业产业化保障措施。从政策法律、市场基础、运行机制、集群战略、人才体系、标准体系等方面,提炼出休闲农业产业化开发的保障机制与具体措施。
With the emphasis on three rural issues and adjustment of industrial structure, theagriculture and rural industrial structure optimizes constantly,the traditionalagriculture accelerated transform into modern agriture.As a model of modernagriculture,agri-tourism is a new industry that combination of agriculture andtourism,this industry extend the primary industry to the tertiary industry.Agri-tourismcovers a wide range,have a long industrial chain and strong driving force.Developingthe agri-tourism is an important measure to speed up the transformation and upgradeof traditional agricultural,optimization the agriculture structure,broaden thedevelopment direction of agriculture,improve the level of agricultural development,realize the strategic transformation of agriculture,promote the rural economic, socialand cultural progress.With our country urbanization speeding up,the improvement indisposable income and the capability of consumer spending of urban and ruralresidents,and the transformation of consumption mode and consumptionstructure,agri-tourism has changed from the preliminary stage into the higher stage.
     Base on related theories and methods of regional economics,industry economics,agricultural economics and experience economics,the thesis analyzes the structure,characteristics,function and value of agri-tourism industry system.Base upon thesupport function of economic system,social system, industrial system, supportsystem of agri-tourism,the thesis research on the development foundation andoperation mechanism of the agri-tourism industrialization.on the base of analyzingthe resource types,resource value and the current situation of agri-tourismdevelopment,the thesis constructs the structure equation model to quantitativeanalysis the operation mechanism of agri-tourism industrialization,and analysis thetransmission path and key factors of agri-tourism industrialization operation in40representative city. Then the thesis put forward business pattern,layout mode,organization mode of agri-tourism development,as well as the optimization mechanism and specific measures for urban agri-tourism development,provide atheoretical reference for intensive development of urban agri-tourism industry,sustainable development of agri-tourism resources and making agri-tourismindustrialization development strategy and policy.The main research contents of thisthesis are as follows:
     (1)Concept system and basic theory for agri-tourism.Defines related conceptsabout agri-tourism industry system,including leisure and leisure industry,agricultureand agti-tourism,industrialization and agri-tourism industrialization,agri-tourismresource,and study on the basic connotation, composition, characteristics, structure,function and siganificance of agri-tourism system,and combing of the core theory ofagri-tourism such as sustainable development theory, experience economy theory,agricultural development stage theory,and the basic theory of agri-tourism such asindustrial structure evolution theory,industrial integration theory,industrial clustertheory,transaction cost theory,agricultural location theory and recreational belt aroundetropolis theory.
     (2)Analysis of current situation and development path of agri-tourism resourcesexploitation. Defines the agri-tourism resources classification principle, divided theagri-tourism resources into productive resources,living resources and ecologicalresources,second,analyzes current situation and problem of agri-tourism resources,then according to the effect factors of agri-tourism resources development,analyzesthe path and mode of agri-tourism resources development.
     (3)Analysis and evaluatation of agri-tourism industrialization developmentfoundation.Constructs the evaluation indicators system of agri-tourism resources,evaluate the40representative city agri-tourism resources value from five aspects suchas aesthetic value, participating value,cultural value,cluster value,scientific value.According to analysis of the basic elements of development foundation,the thesisdivide the development foundation system into economic system,social system,industrial system, and support system,and construct the development foundationevaluation index system, using principal component analysis to quantitative identifyand grading the development foundation of17cities in the east,6cities in the centre,13cities in the west,4cities in the northeast,and then analyze the temporalevolution and spatial difference of subsystem and composite system of agri-tourismindustrialization development foundation,evaluate the development stage andagri-tourism industrialization ability of typical city.
     (4)Simulating the operation mechanism of agri-tourism industrialization.Base onthe principal component analysis,the thesis refines the core elements of agri-tourismindustrialization operation,and analyzes the interaction between each elements;on thebasis of using structural equation model,through taking measures such as puttingforward the hypothesis,constructing model,fitting evaluation,adjustment andamendment,result inspection,then the thesis quantitative simulates the operationconditions and formation mechanism of agri-tourism industrialization; sums up thetransmission path and key factors of industrialization operation,and constructsagri-tourism industrialization operation structure model.
     (5)Constructing the development model of agri-tourism industrialization.According to the research conclusion of the development foundation and operationmechanism,the thesis puts forward different development mode,including industrialbusiness model, industrial layout model and industrial organization model.
     (6)Regulation and guarantee mechanism of agri-tourism industrialization.According to the present development situation, the thesis puts forward the specificoperational measures and guarantee mechanism for agri-tourism industrializationdevelopment,such as government policies,legal policies,market foundation,operationmechanism, cluster strategy,personnel system,and standard system.
引文
①数据来源:《中华人民共和国年鉴2011》
    ①数据来源:《中国农村统计年鉴2011》
    ①数据来源:《中国统计年鉴2011》
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