新型锥板式血液粘度测试仪控制系统设计
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摘要
血液粘度是血液最基本的流变特性,是血液流变学研究的核心。临床研究表明,许多危害人类健康的常见病均与血液粘度升高有关。在一定范围内,血液粘度值可作为诊断(甚至是早期诊断)疾病转归和疗效判断的主要指标。
本课题结合国内外血液粘度测试仪的研究现状,在传统锥板式血液粘度仪的基础上设计出一种新型全自动血液粘度测试仪:采用技术比较成熟的51单片机作为中心智能单元;通过驱动锥体转动并测齿盘瞬时衰减速度来计算锥体在不同转速下受到的阻力矩,从而获得不同剪切率下的血液粘度值。这既克服了传统锥板式血液粘度仪采用拉力传感器测力矩不易测量的弊端,又符合血液粘度仪向便携化、实用化方向发展的趋势,有着重要的现实意义。
根据新型锥板式血液粘度仪的设计原理和功能需求,选择中心处理器AT89C51单片机和C语言。对控制系统进行模块划分,其中包括电机驱动控制模块、转盘驱动控制模块、转盘转速测量模块、小键盘输入模块、LCD显示模块、串口打印机模块、温度控制模块、看门狗模块等,详细介绍了各硬件模块设计思路及具体电路,给出了各功能模块的驱动程序。应用结果表明,该控制系统运行稳定可靠,操作简单;利用标准质控液进行整机的性能测试,测量结果在质控液参数范围之内,重复率在2%以内,符合医用标准。
Blood viscosity is the elementary characteristic and the main research object of hemorheology. Clinical research reveals that a lot of diseases are caused by the raise of blood viscosity parameter. In certain scope, blood viscosity parameter is the main one to diagnose (even early diagnose) the diseases and judge the curative effect.
Combining with current domestic and international research actuality of blood viscometers, the paper introduces a new type cone and plate blood viscosity testing device, which is based on the traditional viscometer. On the one hand, single-chip microcomputer 51 which has mature technology is used as the central intelligent unit. On the other hand, by driving the cone and detecting the instantaneous attenuation rate of the dial, the drag torque of the cone at different rate could be calculated in order to achieve the blood viscosity at different cut-rate. This design not only avoids using pull sensor to get the drag torque which is not easy to measure, but also contributes to the minimization of blood viscometers, which has great practical importance.
According to design principles and functional requirements of the new type cone and plate blood viscosity testing device, the AT89C51 single-chip and C program language is chosen. Then control system could be divided into some function modules, including motor controlling, turntable controlling, rotate speed testing, mini-keyboard inputting, LCD displaying, serial-port connected printer, temperature controlling, watch dog, etc. Meanwhile the design concept, circuit diagram and drive program of modules are given in detail. Finally, this paper presents the test process of the whole system and sample experiment, analyzes the results, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this system.
本课题结合国内外血液粘度测试仪的研究现状,在传统锥板式血液粘度仪的基础上设计出一种新型全自动血液粘度测试仪:采用技术比较成熟的51单片机作为中心智能单元;通过驱动锥体转动并测齿盘瞬时衰减速度来计算锥体在不同转速下受到的阻力矩,从而获得不同剪切率下的血液粘度值。这既克服了传统锥板式血液粘度仪采用拉力传感器测力矩不易测量的弊端,又符合血液粘度仪向便携化、实用化方向发展的趋势,有着重要的现实意义。
根据新型锥板式血液粘度仪的设计原理和功能需求,选择中心处理器AT89C51单片机和C语言。对控制系统进行模块划分,其中包括电机驱动控制模块、转盘驱动控制模块、转盘转速测量模块、小键盘输入模块、LCD显示模块、串口打印机模块、温度控制模块、看门狗模块等,详细介绍了各硬件模块设计思路及具体电路,给出了各功能模块的驱动程序。应用结果表明,该控制系统运行稳定可靠,操作简单;利用标准质控液进行整机的性能测试,测量结果在质控液参数范围之内,重复率在2%以内,符合医用标准。
Blood viscosity is the elementary characteristic and the main research object of hemorheology. Clinical research reveals that a lot of diseases are caused by the raise of blood viscosity parameter. In certain scope, blood viscosity parameter is the main one to diagnose (even early diagnose) the diseases and judge the curative effect.
Combining with current domestic and international research actuality of blood viscometers, the paper introduces a new type cone and plate blood viscosity testing device, which is based on the traditional viscometer. On the one hand, single-chip microcomputer 51 which has mature technology is used as the central intelligent unit. On the other hand, by driving the cone and detecting the instantaneous attenuation rate of the dial, the drag torque of the cone at different rate could be calculated in order to achieve the blood viscosity at different cut-rate. This design not only avoids using pull sensor to get the drag torque which is not easy to measure, but also contributes to the minimization of blood viscometers, which has great practical importance.
According to design principles and functional requirements of the new type cone and plate blood viscosity testing device, the AT89C51 single-chip and C program language is chosen. Then control system could be divided into some function modules, including motor controlling, turntable controlling, rotate speed testing, mini-keyboard inputting, LCD displaying, serial-port connected printer, temperature controlling, watch dog, etc. Meanwhile the design concept, circuit diagram and drive program of modules are given in detail. Finally, this paper presents the test process of the whole system and sample experiment, analyzes the results, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this system.
引文
[1]秦任甲.临床血液流变学(修订版)[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2006.
[2]董伟,秦东兴,伍瑾斐.基于血液流变学理论的血液流变仪的设计[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(9):170-172.
[3]永生,马梅香.高血压因素与血液流变学指标的临床分析[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2003,13(14):340.
[4]翁维良,廖福龙,吴云鹏,等.血液流变学研究方法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[5]韩建新,王学民,王明时.在体实时血液粘度的测量研究[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2000,17(3):313-315.
[6]黄萍,李德奎,冯景,等.血液流变学检测指标在糖尿病防治中的作用[J].中国血液流变学杂志, 2006, 16(2): 284-285.
[7]张玮玮.血液流变学检查在糖尿病诊断中的价值[J].现代中西医结合杂志, 2006, 15(13): 1973-1974.
[8]张敏,游芳.动脉硬化性脑梗死患者血液流变学和血脂测定[J].现代中西医结合杂志, 2005, 14(9): 1198-119.
[9]杨东晓,杨春晓,姒惠.脑梗死患者血液流变学测定及分析[J].中国血液流变学杂志, 2006, 16(1): 75-76.
[10]张喜凤,赵红兵.血液黏度与动脉粥样硬化关系的临床病理分析[J].实用医技杂志, 2006, 13(14): 2434.
[11]张周良,李斌,张黎君等.冠心病患者血液流变性研究[J].中国血液流变学杂志, 2006, 16(2): 270-272
[12] Puniyani, Ajmani, Kale. Risk factors evaluation in some cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 1991, 13(5): 441-443.
[13] Hussain, Puniyani. Microcirculation and hemorheology in cerebrovascular accidents and hypertension: an application of laser Doppler flowmetry. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, 1994, 16(1): 39-40.
[14] Puniyani, Annapurna, Bhatt. APPLICATION OF HAEMORHEOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES IN EVALUATION OF CLINICAL DISEASE CONDITIONS. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, 1986: 37-39.
[15]范欣. 2961例血液粘度检测结果分析[J].临沂医学专科学校学报,2005,27:371-372.
[16]李辉.血液的粘度及其临床意义[J].现代物理知识,2000,13(6):18-19.
[17]李新.血液粘度与人体疾病[J].现代物理知识,2000,18(3):18-19.
[18]李东矿,杜华.血液粘度检测的临床意义[J].河北中西医结合杂志,1998,7(5):663-664.
[19]潘秀贤,杨友新. 3696例血液黏度检测结果分析[J].广西医科大学学报. 2004, 21(4):617.
[20]李益明.糖尿病与血液流变学[J].实用医学杂志, 2002, 18(5): 452-453.
[21]余小琴. R80全自动血液粘度仪使用的几点体会[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2005,15(2):307-318.
[22]陈燕,李雪梅,杨光辉,王惠萱. R-80A血液粘度仪应用体会[J].医疗设备,2003,(11):19-20.
[23]杨瑞芳.流变学理论基础及其应用[M].重庆,重庆大学出版社, 1998.
[24]徐建华.血液流变学临床应用[J].中华临床与卫生, 2004, 3(2): 118-119.
[25]杨希东.血液粘度测量中的物理学问题[J].河北职工医学院学报,2000,17(1):7-8.
[26]董会航,高卫平,于飞,薛志孝.血液粘度测试仪改进方案研究[J].天津医科大学学报,2005,11(3):369-371.
[27]李文,焦立公,殷小杰,廖福龙.旋转粘度计测粘方式对血液粘度测定准确度的影响[J].中国血液流变学杂志,1998,8(3):45-48.
[28]岳燕达,卢新.旋转式血流变仪的检定方法[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2000,10(3):139.
[29]白利明,李晓玉.血液粘度测定的K值应用[J].农垦医学,2001,23(1):28-29.
[30]何静玲,谭笑红,李巍.血液粘度检测中几个参数意义的探讨[J].大连医科大学学报,2000,22(2),140-141.
[31]吴仕明,曹一峰.血液粘度的测量方法与质量控制[J].微循环学杂志,1998,8(1):53-54.
[32]高潮,张毅.全血粘度样本测定的质量控制[J].中国血液流变学杂志.2002.12.
[33]张培仁. MCS-51单片机原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社.2003
[34]黄杨晖,戴曙光,穆平安,常淞. DSP在电机控制系统中的应用与研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4):590-592.
[35]乔惠勇.光电传感器原理及运用[J].PLC&FA,2008,1.
[36]万利峰,徐晓洁,陈嘉威,崔志立,张晔晖.一种小型半导体恒温控制系统的研制[J].计算机测量与控制,2006,14(8):1044-1048.
[37]张迎辉.单片微型计算机键盘接口设计[J].信息技术,2004,28(7): 68-69.
[38]梁汉均,韩清涛.图形液晶显示模块与单片机的接口电路及编程技巧[J].深圳信息职业技术学院学报,2007,5(1):39-41.
[39]黄湖剑,梁楚樵.单片机与微型打印机的接口设计.武汉理工大学学报,2006,5(28): 124-126.
[40]周向红. X5045芯片在单片机系统中的应用.现代电子技术,2006,5: 111-112.
[41]陈爱弟.Protel 99实用培训教程[M].人民邮电出版社.2000.
[42]黄亮.基于AT89C51单片机的串口通信程序的设计[J].实用电子制作,2006: 29-32.
[43]赵海兰,丁惠忠. X5045的C51编程[J].电子世界,2004,(7)
[44]王幸之.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,2:376-384
[45]陈海燕,陈荡,陈宏.传感器接口电路的抗干扰设计仪表技术与传感器[M].1999,4:51-55.
[46]刘传清,张蕴玉,胡修林.高速数字系统的电路布局与抗干扰技术[J].电测与仪表,1999,4:17-21.
[47]周林,唐昆明.计算机控制系统的可靠性措施[J].电子产品维修与制作,1999,8:42-45.
[48]杨宝生.单片机抗干扰编程的经验[J].核电子学与探测技术,1996,16(3):230-231
[2]董伟,秦东兴,伍瑾斐.基于血液流变学理论的血液流变仪的设计[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(9):170-172.
[3]永生,马梅香.高血压因素与血液流变学指标的临床分析[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2003,13(14):340.
[4]翁维良,廖福龙,吴云鹏,等.血液流变学研究方法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[5]韩建新,王学民,王明时.在体实时血液粘度的测量研究[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2000,17(3):313-315.
[6]黄萍,李德奎,冯景,等.血液流变学检测指标在糖尿病防治中的作用[J].中国血液流变学杂志, 2006, 16(2): 284-285.
[7]张玮玮.血液流变学检查在糖尿病诊断中的价值[J].现代中西医结合杂志, 2006, 15(13): 1973-1974.
[8]张敏,游芳.动脉硬化性脑梗死患者血液流变学和血脂测定[J].现代中西医结合杂志, 2005, 14(9): 1198-119.
[9]杨东晓,杨春晓,姒惠.脑梗死患者血液流变学测定及分析[J].中国血液流变学杂志, 2006, 16(1): 75-76.
[10]张喜凤,赵红兵.血液黏度与动脉粥样硬化关系的临床病理分析[J].实用医技杂志, 2006, 13(14): 2434.
[11]张周良,李斌,张黎君等.冠心病患者血液流变性研究[J].中国血液流变学杂志, 2006, 16(2): 270-272
[12] Puniyani, Ajmani, Kale. Risk factors evaluation in some cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 1991, 13(5): 441-443.
[13] Hussain, Puniyani. Microcirculation and hemorheology in cerebrovascular accidents and hypertension: an application of laser Doppler flowmetry. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, 1994, 16(1): 39-40.
[14] Puniyani, Annapurna, Bhatt. APPLICATION OF HAEMORHEOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES IN EVALUATION OF CLINICAL DISEASE CONDITIONS. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, 1986: 37-39.
[15]范欣. 2961例血液粘度检测结果分析[J].临沂医学专科学校学报,2005,27:371-372.
[16]李辉.血液的粘度及其临床意义[J].现代物理知识,2000,13(6):18-19.
[17]李新.血液粘度与人体疾病[J].现代物理知识,2000,18(3):18-19.
[18]李东矿,杜华.血液粘度检测的临床意义[J].河北中西医结合杂志,1998,7(5):663-664.
[19]潘秀贤,杨友新. 3696例血液黏度检测结果分析[J].广西医科大学学报. 2004, 21(4):617.
[20]李益明.糖尿病与血液流变学[J].实用医学杂志, 2002, 18(5): 452-453.
[21]余小琴. R80全自动血液粘度仪使用的几点体会[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2005,15(2):307-318.
[22]陈燕,李雪梅,杨光辉,王惠萱. R-80A血液粘度仪应用体会[J].医疗设备,2003,(11):19-20.
[23]杨瑞芳.流变学理论基础及其应用[M].重庆,重庆大学出版社, 1998.
[24]徐建华.血液流变学临床应用[J].中华临床与卫生, 2004, 3(2): 118-119.
[25]杨希东.血液粘度测量中的物理学问题[J].河北职工医学院学报,2000,17(1):7-8.
[26]董会航,高卫平,于飞,薛志孝.血液粘度测试仪改进方案研究[J].天津医科大学学报,2005,11(3):369-371.
[27]李文,焦立公,殷小杰,廖福龙.旋转粘度计测粘方式对血液粘度测定准确度的影响[J].中国血液流变学杂志,1998,8(3):45-48.
[28]岳燕达,卢新.旋转式血流变仪的检定方法[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2000,10(3):139.
[29]白利明,李晓玉.血液粘度测定的K值应用[J].农垦医学,2001,23(1):28-29.
[30]何静玲,谭笑红,李巍.血液粘度检测中几个参数意义的探讨[J].大连医科大学学报,2000,22(2),140-141.
[31]吴仕明,曹一峰.血液粘度的测量方法与质量控制[J].微循环学杂志,1998,8(1):53-54.
[32]高潮,张毅.全血粘度样本测定的质量控制[J].中国血液流变学杂志.2002.12.
[33]张培仁. MCS-51单片机原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社.2003
[34]黄杨晖,戴曙光,穆平安,常淞. DSP在电机控制系统中的应用与研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4):590-592.
[35]乔惠勇.光电传感器原理及运用[J].PLC&FA,2008,1.
[36]万利峰,徐晓洁,陈嘉威,崔志立,张晔晖.一种小型半导体恒温控制系统的研制[J].计算机测量与控制,2006,14(8):1044-1048.
[37]张迎辉.单片微型计算机键盘接口设计[J].信息技术,2004,28(7): 68-69.
[38]梁汉均,韩清涛.图形液晶显示模块与单片机的接口电路及编程技巧[J].深圳信息职业技术学院学报,2007,5(1):39-41.
[39]黄湖剑,梁楚樵.单片机与微型打印机的接口设计.武汉理工大学学报,2006,5(28): 124-126.
[40]周向红. X5045芯片在单片机系统中的应用.现代电子技术,2006,5: 111-112.
[41]陈爱弟.Protel 99实用培训教程[M].人民邮电出版社.2000.
[42]黄亮.基于AT89C51单片机的串口通信程序的设计[J].实用电子制作,2006: 29-32.
[43]赵海兰,丁惠忠. X5045的C51编程[J].电子世界,2004,(7)
[44]王幸之.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,2:376-384
[45]陈海燕,陈荡,陈宏.传感器接口电路的抗干扰设计仪表技术与传感器[M].1999,4:51-55.
[46]刘传清,张蕴玉,胡修林.高速数字系统的电路布局与抗干扰技术[J].电测与仪表,1999,4:17-21.
[47]周林,唐昆明.计算机控制系统的可靠性措施[J].电子产品维修与制作,1999,8:42-45.
[48]杨宝生.单片机抗干扰编程的经验[J].核电子学与探测技术,1996,16(3):230-231