膨润土碱法活化与深加工研究
摘要
本文从膨润土的结构特征入手，针对目前传统酸法工艺活化膨润土存在的活化时间长，硅铝浸出率低，工艺复杂，废酸液不好处理等缺点，提出了碱法活化膨润土的新思路，拟定了常压碱液活化膨润土，焙烧活化膨润土，碱熔活化膨润土三条碱法活化膨润土的研究路线。并通过改变反应时间、煅烧温度、碱土比、碱的种类、以及焙烧与否，对膨润土的硅、铝浸出机理作了比较深入的研究。另外，对膨润土的酸浸和微波活化做了相关研究。
根据碱法活化膨润土机理，确定了以河北省灵寿县膨润土为原料，经碱熔活化，水热合成洗涤用P型沸石的新型工艺方法。并对产品进行表征，结果表明P型沸石产品性能较好，超过洗涤用4A沸石国家优级品标准，可替代三聚磷酸钠作为洗涤助剂。考察了老化温度、老化时间、晶化时间对P型沸石合成工艺的影响程度，确立了三因素的最佳参数为：老化温度，75℃，老化时间4小时，晶化时间5小时。
确立了膨润土深加工合成五水偏硅酸钠，废渣、废液联产白碳黑，硫酸铝铁净水剂的闭合无污染生产工艺路线。通过X射线衍射和红外光谱对白碳黑产品的结构进行了表征，并通过对硫酸铝铁净水剂混凝效果的实验，证明了所得硫酸铝铁净水剂产品对浊水具有良好的絮凝能力，混凝速度快，去浊能力强。
A new technique activating bentonite by base leaching has been studied, aiming at many problems of traditional technique of activating bentonite by acid leaching, such as long activating time, low leaching ratio of silicon and aluminum, dealing with waste acid difficultly and so on. The research of activating bentonite has been done by three means: base leaching method under normal pressure, calcining bentonite, and reaction between bentonite and molten alkali, respectively. Studies on the mechanism of leaching silicon and aluminum from bentonite have been processed by adjusting reaction time, calcination temperature, ratio of alkali to bentonite, the kind of alkali etc. Besides, activating bentonite by acid leaching and microwave has also been investigated.
Based on the mechanism of base activating bentonite, P zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized by alklia-treament bentonite of Ling Shou , Hebei Province. The result of testing products P zeolite showed much better properties than first-rate 4A zeolite in national standard, and can be used as the substitute for STPP. The influence of gel temperature, gel time and crystallization time on preparation of P zeolite has been discussed, and the optimum technological condition is 75 C as gel temperature,4h as gel time and 5h as cystallation time.
A novel technique without any pollution of deep processing of bentonite to manufacture sodium metasilicate was proposed; Meantime, white carbon black can be synthesized from the alkali waste liquid; Besides, PAFS can be obtained by processing the waste residue. The structure of white carbon black was characterized by XRD and IR. The result of Coagulating sedimentation experiment of PAFS showed PAFS can greatly coagulate turbid water at a high coagulating speed.
根据碱法活化膨润土机理，确定了以河北省灵寿县膨润土为原料，经碱熔活化，水热合成洗涤用P型沸石的新型工艺方法。并对产品进行表征，结果表明P型沸石产品性能较好，超过洗涤用4A沸石国家优级品标准，可替代三聚磷酸钠作为洗涤助剂。考察了老化温度、老化时间、晶化时间对P型沸石合成工艺的影响程度，确立了三因素的最佳参数为：老化温度，75℃，老化时间4小时，晶化时间5小时。
确立了膨润土深加工合成五水偏硅酸钠，废渣、废液联产白碳黑，硫酸铝铁净水剂的闭合无污染生产工艺路线。通过X射线衍射和红外光谱对白碳黑产品的结构进行了表征，并通过对硫酸铝铁净水剂混凝效果的实验，证明了所得硫酸铝铁净水剂产品对浊水具有良好的絮凝能力，混凝速度快，去浊能力强。
A new technique activating bentonite by base leaching has been studied, aiming at many problems of traditional technique of activating bentonite by acid leaching, such as long activating time, low leaching ratio of silicon and aluminum, dealing with waste acid difficultly and so on. The research of activating bentonite has been done by three means: base leaching method under normal pressure, calcining bentonite, and reaction between bentonite and molten alkali, respectively. Studies on the mechanism of leaching silicon and aluminum from bentonite have been processed by adjusting reaction time, calcination temperature, ratio of alkali to bentonite, the kind of alkali etc. Besides, activating bentonite by acid leaching and microwave has also been investigated.
Based on the mechanism of base activating bentonite, P zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized by alklia-treament bentonite of Ling Shou , Hebei Province. The result of testing products P zeolite showed much better properties than first-rate 4A zeolite in national standard, and can be used as the substitute for STPP. The influence of gel temperature, gel time and crystallization time on preparation of P zeolite has been discussed, and the optimum technological condition is 75 C as gel temperature,4h as gel time and 5h as cystallation time.
A novel technique without any pollution of deep processing of bentonite to manufacture sodium metasilicate was proposed; Meantime, white carbon black can be synthesized from the alkali waste liquid; Besides, PAFS can be obtained by processing the waste residue. The structure of white carbon black was characterized by XRD and IR. The result of Coagulating sedimentation experiment of PAFS showed PAFS can greatly coagulate turbid water at a high coagulating speed.
引文
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