马立克氏病疫苗对商品肉鸡的免疫力和生产性能的影响
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摘要
鸡的马立克氏病(Marek's disease; MD)是由疱疹病毒引起的一种淋巴组织增生性疾病。此病的特点是病鸡的外周神经、性腺、虹膜、各种脏器、肌肉和皮肤单核细胞浸润，是一种淋巴瘤性质的肿瘤疾病。本病从感染到发病有较长的潜伏期。一般而言潜伏期为2～3个月。病毒毒株、剂量、年龄及品种等因素对潜伏期长短有很大影响。
对商品肉鸡而言，其生产性能周期为56～65d就出栏，所以一般认为，商品肉鸡在马立克氏病的潜伏期就出栏了，不会发生马立克氏病。因此也就不必注射马立克氏病疫苗。但是，有越来越多的资料表明，马立克氏病病毒的超强毒的出现，使潜伏期缩短，最短的可在20多天就出现症状或死亡。另一方面，该病的潜伏期就已经使机体受到损害，并导致生产性能下降。目前国外已全面铺开对商品肉鸡注射马立克氏疫苗，而我国生产厂家均未这样做。本试验就是从该目的出发，比较商品肉鸡注射马立克氏疫苗和不注射马立克氏疫苗在免疫力和生产性能等方面是否有差异。
取1日龄健康艾维茵商品肉鸡180只，随机分为A、B、C三组，每组60只。三个组分别在同样的环境下互相隔离饲养。A组1日龄接种液氮贮存的CVI988+HVT细胞结合双价MD疫苗，B组在1日龄时人工感染马立克氏病强毒。每只鸡滴鼻4～5滴。C组不注射MD疫苗，也不攻击强毒，做自然对照组。按常规免疫方法进行免疫。7日龄采用新城疫Ⅳ系滴鼻，同时采用新城疫灭活油佐剂苗0.3ml皮下注射。传染性法氏囊疫苗在15日龄和23日龄两次。
新城疫HI试验。A、B、C三组在7、14、28、42、56日龄分别随机采血数只，分离血清，以β-微量法进行HI试验。试验结果表明：A组的HI抗体效价比B组和C组的高1～2.4log2，差异显著(P＜0.05)。B组与C组的HI抗体效价相近，差异不显著(P＞0.05)。B组与C组中有20％～40.9％的鸡只的HI效价低于3log2。
吞噬细菌试验：取猪源性大肠杆菌稀释至4×10~6个/ml，每组随机抽取5只鸡，静脉注射1ml，于注后60min，120min，180min分别采血，进行细菌培养，计算细菌数，以观察机体对细菌的清除速率。试验结果表明，180min后，B组和C组的细菌数分别为2.53×10~4个/ml和2.30×10~4个/ml，而A组为1.13×10~2个/ml，差异显著(P＜0.05)，B组与C组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
增重和饲料转化率试验：分别对三组在1日龄、14日龄、28日龄、42日龄、49日龄、56日龄对30只鸡称重。同时每日纪录耗料量，与称重的日期计算料肉比。结果表明：A组在60日龄的体重显著高于B组和C组，差异显著(P＜0.05)，A组和B
吉林农业大学硕士学位论文
马立克氏病疫苗对商品肉鸡的免疫力和生产性能的影响
组及C组的鸡只平均重量差2759和2209。A、B、C三组的料肉比分别为2.25、2.43
和2.39，A组料肉比明显小于B组和C组。在饲养的过程中，A、B、C三组分别死
亡5只、8只、9只，分别为8.3%、133%和巧.0%。剖检死亡鸡只，在B组和C组
中共有5只在，衬脏发现有肿瘤结节.
通过试验，得出如下结论:接种马立克疫苗的商品肉鸡组对新城疫疫苗免疫的
HI杭体高于未接种马立克疫苗组;人工感染马立克强毒的商品肉鸡组对新城疫的HI
杭体效价与自然对照组相近;接种马立克疫苗商品肉鸡组对血液中大肠杆菌吞噬速度
比人工感染马立克强毒组和自然对照组快。人工感染马立克强毒的商品肉鸡组对血液
中大肠杆菌吞噬速度与自然对照组相近;在相同饲养条件下，商品肉鸡接种马立克疫
苗可比不接种马立克疫苗出栏体重多2209~2759;料肉比减小0.14;商品肉鸡接种马
立克疫苗可比不接种马立克疫苗降低发病率和死亡率，死亡率可减小5%一6 .7%.
The MD ( Marek's disease) is a kind of lymphoid tissue disease caused by herpes increases virus. Characteristics of disease cause of chicken nerve, gonad, iris, various kinds of internal organs, muscle, skin monocyte, It is tumour disease of a kind of lymthoma disease. This disease has longer incubation period from infecting to having illness coming on. Generally incubation period is 2-3 months. There is very great influence on the size in incubation period in the factors, such as poisonous of virus, dosage, age and variety, etc.
As broiler chickens, it produces performance cycle and delivers for sale for 56~65d, So generally thinking, Broiler chicken deliver for sale incubation period in disease, can't take place MD. So needn't inject MD vaccine. However, there are more and more materials that indicated that the wMDV make incubation period shorten, the shortest one can present the symptom or death on more than 20 days. On the other hand, make organism damage already incubation period in disease, result produce performance drop. In abroad at present had injects MD vaccine to the broiler chicken, The manufacturer of our country has not done in this way. It is to proceed from this purpose, Compared difference such as immunity and production performance in broiler chicken when inject MD vaccine.
Fetch the age of 180 one mattress health Ivy broiler chicken, divide into A, B, C 3 group at random, 60 in every groups. Three groups isolate and raise each other under the same environment separately. In one age, A groups vaccinated CVI988 + HVT cell vaccine inoculate in the liquid nitrogen store, B groups is the more artificial to infect virulent MD virus during one age. Each chicken drips 4-5 drops of noses. C groups does not inject MD vaccine, as a natural contrast group. Carry on the immunity according to the immune method of the routine. Drip nose with ND IV and hypodermic injection with 0.3 ml deactivation oil. Infected IBD vaccine two times on the 15th and the 23rd age.
HI of ND tests: collect blood at random A, B, C three groups separately in 7,14, 28 ,42, and separate the serum, Carry on HI tests with (3 - the micro-method. The result of the test shows : The HI antibody result prices of A group are higher by 1-2.4 Iog2s than that of B group and C group, The results remarkable(P<0.05). B group is similar to HI antibody
result price of C group, The results is remarkable(P>0.05). There are 20%~40.9%of the HI result are lower than 3 Iog2s in B group and C group.
Phagocyte bacteria tests: Fetching pig's E.coli diluted to 4xl06/ml, every groups collects 5 chickens, intravenous injection 1ml at random. Collects blood respectively after the note 60min, 120min, ISOmin. Carry on bacteria to train, calculate that the bacterium counts in order to observe the speed of removing to the bacterium of organism. The result of the test shows: After 180 min, it is 2.53><104/ml and 2.30 xlO4 /ml that the bacteria in B and C groups' blood respectively, and A group is 1.13* 102 / ml, the results is remarkable(P<0.05),B groups and C groups difference unremarkable (P>0.05).
Increase weight and fodder conversion ratio test: Weigh to 30 chickens on the 1st, 14th, 28th, 42nd, 49th and 56th age separately. At the same time, note down and dawdle by material every day. The result shows that the weight on the 60th age of A group is higher than B group and C group notably, it's remarkable(P<0.05), The weight of A group are higher 275g and 220g on average than B groups and C groups, three groups of A, B, C material meat are 2.25, 2.43 and 2.39 than respectively, the material meat of A group is more smaller than B groups and C groups obviously. During the process of raising, Death in A, B, C are 5, 8, 9differentiate. Deathly is 8.3%, 13.3% and 15.0% respectively. Examine the death chicken, there are 5 find tumour and tubercle in B group and C group in the heart.
Draw the following conclusion through testing: Inoculate MD vaccine groups' ND HI antibody higher than no inoculate groups, epidemic groups' HI antibody is similar to contra
对商品肉鸡而言，其生产性能周期为56～65d就出栏，所以一般认为，商品肉鸡在马立克氏病的潜伏期就出栏了，不会发生马立克氏病。因此也就不必注射马立克氏病疫苗。但是，有越来越多的资料表明，马立克氏病病毒的超强毒的出现，使潜伏期缩短，最短的可在20多天就出现症状或死亡。另一方面，该病的潜伏期就已经使机体受到损害，并导致生产性能下降。目前国外已全面铺开对商品肉鸡注射马立克氏疫苗，而我国生产厂家均未这样做。本试验就是从该目的出发，比较商品肉鸡注射马立克氏疫苗和不注射马立克氏疫苗在免疫力和生产性能等方面是否有差异。
取1日龄健康艾维茵商品肉鸡180只，随机分为A、B、C三组，每组60只。三个组分别在同样的环境下互相隔离饲养。A组1日龄接种液氮贮存的CVI988+HVT细胞结合双价MD疫苗，B组在1日龄时人工感染马立克氏病强毒。每只鸡滴鼻4～5滴。C组不注射MD疫苗，也不攻击强毒，做自然对照组。按常规免疫方法进行免疫。7日龄采用新城疫Ⅳ系滴鼻，同时采用新城疫灭活油佐剂苗0.3ml皮下注射。传染性法氏囊疫苗在15日龄和23日龄两次。
新城疫HI试验。A、B、C三组在7、14、28、42、56日龄分别随机采血数只，分离血清，以β-微量法进行HI试验。试验结果表明：A组的HI抗体效价比B组和C组的高1～2.4log2，差异显著(P＜0.05)。B组与C组的HI抗体效价相近，差异不显著(P＞0.05)。B组与C组中有20％～40.9％的鸡只的HI效价低于3log2。
吞噬细菌试验：取猪源性大肠杆菌稀释至4×10~6个/ml，每组随机抽取5只鸡，静脉注射1ml，于注后60min，120min，180min分别采血，进行细菌培养，计算细菌数，以观察机体对细菌的清除速率。试验结果表明，180min后，B组和C组的细菌数分别为2.53×10~4个/ml和2.30×10~4个/ml，而A组为1.13×10~2个/ml，差异显著(P＜0.05)，B组与C组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
增重和饲料转化率试验：分别对三组在1日龄、14日龄、28日龄、42日龄、49日龄、56日龄对30只鸡称重。同时每日纪录耗料量，与称重的日期计算料肉比。结果表明：A组在60日龄的体重显著高于B组和C组，差异显著(P＜0.05)，A组和B
吉林农业大学硕士学位论文
马立克氏病疫苗对商品肉鸡的免疫力和生产性能的影响
组及C组的鸡只平均重量差2759和2209。A、B、C三组的料肉比分别为2.25、2.43
和2.39，A组料肉比明显小于B组和C组。在饲养的过程中，A、B、C三组分别死
亡5只、8只、9只，分别为8.3%、133%和巧.0%。剖检死亡鸡只，在B组和C组
中共有5只在，衬脏发现有肿瘤结节.
通过试验，得出如下结论:接种马立克疫苗的商品肉鸡组对新城疫疫苗免疫的
HI杭体高于未接种马立克疫苗组;人工感染马立克强毒的商品肉鸡组对新城疫的HI
杭体效价与自然对照组相近;接种马立克疫苗商品肉鸡组对血液中大肠杆菌吞噬速度
比人工感染马立克强毒组和自然对照组快。人工感染马立克强毒的商品肉鸡组对血液
中大肠杆菌吞噬速度与自然对照组相近;在相同饲养条件下，商品肉鸡接种马立克疫
苗可比不接种马立克疫苗出栏体重多2209~2759;料肉比减小0.14;商品肉鸡接种马
立克疫苗可比不接种马立克疫苗降低发病率和死亡率，死亡率可减小5%一6 .7%.
The MD ( Marek's disease) is a kind of lymphoid tissue disease caused by herpes increases virus. Characteristics of disease cause of chicken nerve, gonad, iris, various kinds of internal organs, muscle, skin monocyte, It is tumour disease of a kind of lymthoma disease. This disease has longer incubation period from infecting to having illness coming on. Generally incubation period is 2-3 months. There is very great influence on the size in incubation period in the factors, such as poisonous of virus, dosage, age and variety, etc.
As broiler chickens, it produces performance cycle and delivers for sale for 56~65d, So generally thinking, Broiler chicken deliver for sale incubation period in disease, can't take place MD. So needn't inject MD vaccine. However, there are more and more materials that indicated that the wMDV make incubation period shorten, the shortest one can present the symptom or death on more than 20 days. On the other hand, make organism damage already incubation period in disease, result produce performance drop. In abroad at present had injects MD vaccine to the broiler chicken, The manufacturer of our country has not done in this way. It is to proceed from this purpose, Compared difference such as immunity and production performance in broiler chicken when inject MD vaccine.
Fetch the age of 180 one mattress health Ivy broiler chicken, divide into A, B, C 3 group at random, 60 in every groups. Three groups isolate and raise each other under the same environment separately. In one age, A groups vaccinated CVI988 + HVT cell vaccine inoculate in the liquid nitrogen store, B groups is the more artificial to infect virulent MD virus during one age. Each chicken drips 4-5 drops of noses. C groups does not inject MD vaccine, as a natural contrast group. Carry on the immunity according to the immune method of the routine. Drip nose with ND IV and hypodermic injection with 0.3 ml deactivation oil. Infected IBD vaccine two times on the 15th and the 23rd age.
HI of ND tests: collect blood at random A, B, C three groups separately in 7,14, 28 ,42, and separate the serum, Carry on HI tests with (3 - the micro-method. The result of the test shows : The HI antibody result prices of A group are higher by 1-2.4 Iog2s than that of B group and C group, The results remarkable(P<0.05). B group is similar to HI antibody
result price of C group, The results is remarkable(P>0.05). There are 20%~40.9%of the HI result are lower than 3 Iog2s in B group and C group.
Phagocyte bacteria tests: Fetching pig's E.coli diluted to 4xl06/ml, every groups collects 5 chickens, intravenous injection 1ml at random. Collects blood respectively after the note 60min, 120min, ISOmin. Carry on bacteria to train, calculate that the bacterium counts in order to observe the speed of removing to the bacterium of organism. The result of the test shows: After 180 min, it is 2.53><104/ml and 2.30 xlO4 /ml that the bacteria in B and C groups' blood respectively, and A group is 1.13* 102 / ml, the results is remarkable(P<0.05),B groups and C groups difference unremarkable (P>0.05).
Increase weight and fodder conversion ratio test: Weigh to 30 chickens on the 1st, 14th, 28th, 42nd, 49th and 56th age separately. At the same time, note down and dawdle by material every day. The result shows that the weight on the 60th age of A group is higher than B group and C group notably, it's remarkable(P<0.05), The weight of A group are higher 275g and 220g on average than B groups and C groups, three groups of A, B, C material meat are 2.25, 2.43 and 2.39 than respectively, the material meat of A group is more smaller than B groups and C groups obviously. During the process of raising, Death in A, B, C are 5, 8, 9differentiate. Deathly is 8.3%, 13.3% and 15.0% respectively. Examine the death chicken, there are 5 find tumour and tubercle in B group and C group in the heart.
Draw the following conclusion through testing: Inoculate MD vaccine groups' ND HI antibody higher than no inoculate groups, epidemic groups' HI antibody is similar to contra
引文
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