不屈的追求
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摘要
《金色的耶路撒冷》是英国著名女作家玛格丽特·德尔拉布(MargaretDrabble)的早期作品。该小说以其富有创造性的叙事方式,以及前所未有的表现技巧在同类女性题材小说中独树一帜。玛格丽特·德尔拉布对当代女性问题有着深刻而独到的见解,她对女性命运的观察敏锐,阐述犀利。从1967年首次发表至今已有40余年,但这本小说所揭露的社会问题和它要表达的意识主题仍然值得当代女性深思。
当代女性普遍沉迷于一种虚幻的满足感中,如同书中的女主人公一样,她们年轻,聪颖,极富魅力。凭借的这些与生俱来的独特优势,她们的生活貌似多姿多彩,然而在某种程度上却缺少意义。在作者看来,女性终究还是男性社会的附属品而已。尽管这样的生活外表看来光彩照人,但光阴似箭,岁月如梭,当女性不再妖娆,不再年轻的时候,她们最终又被打回原形,沦落为男人消遣后的残羹冷炙,受尽折磨。这部小说之所以称得上同类作品中一大突破在于,小说真正地唤醒了奄奄一息的女性独立意识,它折射出一种精神:与其一味地顺从,不如彻底颠覆社会期望,由内而外地重塑女性人格。这才是真正的反抗。
该小说依据女主人公克拉拉(Clara)早期的生活经历展开。她被塑造成一个天生丽质,又极具反叛精神的人物形象。她活生生地象征着一种颠覆世俗礼教,追求个人幸福的精神。但克拉拉的反抗也仅此而已,至多也只能算作一次解放女性的尝试而已。虽然小说的结尾并没有明确地指出克拉拉之后的命运将何去何从,但可以肯定的是,一个缺乏独立生存目标的女性,即便是像克拉拉那样集美貌,智慧,知识和精湛的为人处事之道与一身的奇女子,要想从生活上获得彻底的解放仍然略显勉强。这部小说如同一个极具开放性的命题,它给定了所有当代女性趋之若鹜的天赋禀性,让每个人都成为克拉拉,但最终要怎样对生命完成一次完美救赎,就取决于读者自己的思考了。有多少种觉悟,就有多少个结局,这就是这部小说的魅力之处。
这篇论文首先介绍和总结了德拉布尔小说创作概况、国内外研究现状;概述了小说人物性格特征理论并提出了本文写作的角度,然后从心理、语言、思想等方面分析了克拉拉的性格特征及其产生原因。本文旨在尝试着将人物性格分析与当代新女性问题结合起来作对比分析,进而引发我们对女性问题新的思考。论文所涉及到的分析结论结合了《金色的耶路撒冷》的小说内容,并辅助简要概述。希望此次研究无论从思想上,概念上还是最终得出的分析结论上都能为今后的相关学术研究提供参考。
Jerusalem the Golden is an early work of Margaret Drabble. The novel distinguishes itself from other similar feminine works by a creative chronicle arrangement and an unprecedented perspective of demonstrating feminine struggles. Margaret Drabble is quite admirable for being able to conduct such an intensive contemplation on contemporary feminine issues. The book severs as a warning for modern women who have been lost in their illusive independence and identity fulfillment that feminine struggle is far from the end. The heroine's experience provides an arguably convincing reference whereby women can live up to their own brilliance, meanwhile it also induces a serious consider on what women's fundamental living objective is. The novel is supposed to be credited as a substantial breakthrough of feminine liberation for its inspiring implication of restructuring women identity from inside rather than passively evading outside oppressions. That's the true spirit of rebellion.
Clara is the heroine of this novel. The whole story is unfolded based on her life trails from her childhood to her early twenties. Clara is depicted as a naturally rebellious and ambitious figure. She is extremely talented and charming. She embodies a lively spirit to refute conventional restriction imposed on women and a strikingly appealing solution for young women to thrive on their own. However, Clara's life experience can counts no more than an experimental attempt for feminine liberation. She is endowed with beauty, talent, knowledge, and remarkable social intrigues. They are all desirable factors for leading an impressive life as a woman, but not enough. Margaret hasn't given any definite implication about what Clara's life would eventually turn out to be. It could follow the trail of Mrs. Maugham's suffering, or end up with the opposite, to which no one can swear. That's an open question for all modern women given most favorable edges of constructing an impressive life with the rest to be added by themselves.
This paper is drafted to make a comprehensive analysis about Clara's character and its origin. Clara's character has aroused abundant inspiration concerning the feminine issues of contemporary society which will also be involved in the paper. All analysis is going to be based on the incidents mentioned in this novel, and integrates with vivid narrative. Therefore, this paper will turn out to be very informative and thoughtful in terms of the consideration, conception and conclusion the content includes. It will fill the blank concerning the study on Jerusalem the golden, and define a new criterion and method for character analysis.
The research will strictly abide by a principle of objectiveness, and be scientifically conducted on the basis of previous studies with a purpose to draw some original and constructive conclusions concerning contemporary feminine struggle at the end of the study.
当代女性普遍沉迷于一种虚幻的满足感中,如同书中的女主人公一样,她们年轻,聪颖,极富魅力。凭借的这些与生俱来的独特优势,她们的生活貌似多姿多彩,然而在某种程度上却缺少意义。在作者看来,女性终究还是男性社会的附属品而已。尽管这样的生活外表看来光彩照人,但光阴似箭,岁月如梭,当女性不再妖娆,不再年轻的时候,她们最终又被打回原形,沦落为男人消遣后的残羹冷炙,受尽折磨。这部小说之所以称得上同类作品中一大突破在于,小说真正地唤醒了奄奄一息的女性独立意识,它折射出一种精神:与其一味地顺从,不如彻底颠覆社会期望,由内而外地重塑女性人格。这才是真正的反抗。
该小说依据女主人公克拉拉(Clara)早期的生活经历展开。她被塑造成一个天生丽质,又极具反叛精神的人物形象。她活生生地象征着一种颠覆世俗礼教,追求个人幸福的精神。但克拉拉的反抗也仅此而已,至多也只能算作一次解放女性的尝试而已。虽然小说的结尾并没有明确地指出克拉拉之后的命运将何去何从,但可以肯定的是,一个缺乏独立生存目标的女性,即便是像克拉拉那样集美貌,智慧,知识和精湛的为人处事之道与一身的奇女子,要想从生活上获得彻底的解放仍然略显勉强。这部小说如同一个极具开放性的命题,它给定了所有当代女性趋之若鹜的天赋禀性,让每个人都成为克拉拉,但最终要怎样对生命完成一次完美救赎,就取决于读者自己的思考了。有多少种觉悟,就有多少个结局,这就是这部小说的魅力之处。
这篇论文首先介绍和总结了德拉布尔小说创作概况、国内外研究现状;概述了小说人物性格特征理论并提出了本文写作的角度,然后从心理、语言、思想等方面分析了克拉拉的性格特征及其产生原因。本文旨在尝试着将人物性格分析与当代新女性问题结合起来作对比分析,进而引发我们对女性问题新的思考。论文所涉及到的分析结论结合了《金色的耶路撒冷》的小说内容,并辅助简要概述。希望此次研究无论从思想上,概念上还是最终得出的分析结论上都能为今后的相关学术研究提供参考。
Jerusalem the Golden is an early work of Margaret Drabble. The novel distinguishes itself from other similar feminine works by a creative chronicle arrangement and an unprecedented perspective of demonstrating feminine struggles. Margaret Drabble is quite admirable for being able to conduct such an intensive contemplation on contemporary feminine issues. The book severs as a warning for modern women who have been lost in their illusive independence and identity fulfillment that feminine struggle is far from the end. The heroine's experience provides an arguably convincing reference whereby women can live up to their own brilliance, meanwhile it also induces a serious consider on what women's fundamental living objective is. The novel is supposed to be credited as a substantial breakthrough of feminine liberation for its inspiring implication of restructuring women identity from inside rather than passively evading outside oppressions. That's the true spirit of rebellion.
Clara is the heroine of this novel. The whole story is unfolded based on her life trails from her childhood to her early twenties. Clara is depicted as a naturally rebellious and ambitious figure. She is extremely talented and charming. She embodies a lively spirit to refute conventional restriction imposed on women and a strikingly appealing solution for young women to thrive on their own. However, Clara's life experience can counts no more than an experimental attempt for feminine liberation. She is endowed with beauty, talent, knowledge, and remarkable social intrigues. They are all desirable factors for leading an impressive life as a woman, but not enough. Margaret hasn't given any definite implication about what Clara's life would eventually turn out to be. It could follow the trail of Mrs. Maugham's suffering, or end up with the opposite, to which no one can swear. That's an open question for all modern women given most favorable edges of constructing an impressive life with the rest to be added by themselves.
This paper is drafted to make a comprehensive analysis about Clara's character and its origin. Clara's character has aroused abundant inspiration concerning the feminine issues of contemporary society which will also be involved in the paper. All analysis is going to be based on the incidents mentioned in this novel, and integrates with vivid narrative. Therefore, this paper will turn out to be very informative and thoughtful in terms of the consideration, conception and conclusion the content includes. It will fill the blank concerning the study on Jerusalem the golden, and define a new criterion and method for character analysis.
The research will strictly abide by a principle of objectiveness, and be scientifically conducted on the basis of previous studies with a purpose to draw some original and constructive conclusions concerning contemporary feminine struggle at the end of the study.
引文
[1]Nora Foster Stovel,Margaret Drabble:Symbolic Moralist,published in 1989,Borgo Press(San Bernardino,Calif)(P45);
[2]Quoted from Hattiet Blodgett's review of Jerusalem the Golden;
[3]Quoted from Michael F.Harper view on Jerusalem the Golden;
[4]Joanne V.Creighton,The Needle's Eye,published by Random House Inc(T)(Jun 1972)(P188);
[5]Everyday Magic:Fairy Tales in the Fiction of Iris Murdoch,Margaret Drabble and A.S Byatt by Lisa Michelle Fiander,PhD,University of Alberta(Canada),2002,AAT NQ68571;
[6]Diving into the Wreck:The Feminist Novel of Self-discovery by Grace Kinsman Lovelace,Ph.D.,University of California,2000,AAT 9988284;
[7]North and South:Margaret Drabble's Jerusalem the Golden and the Radiant Way by Gillian R.Hettinger,Doctor of Letters,2000,AAT 9968517;
[8]The Question of "Englishness":Identity,Culture,Class and Gender in the Novels of Margaret Drabble by Elizabeth Eastman Somerton,PhD,Dalhousie University (Canada),1998,AAT NN87254;
[9]The Tradition of Women in the Family in Margaret Drabble's Novels:Redefining the "Angel in the House" by Lillian Louis O'Neal Manning,PhD,Saint Louis University,1997,AAT 9803793;
[10]Representation of Women in Margaret Drabble's Early Fiction by Sandra Saccucci,PhD,University of Toronto(Canada),1993,AAT NN86349;
[11] The Moving Sphere: Margaret Drabble's Novels of Connection and Contradiction by Helon Howell Raines, PhD, University of Denver, 1985, AAT 8524535;
[12] Existing within Structures: Margaret Drabble's View of the Individual by Mary Hurley Moran, PhD, The University of New Mexico, 1980, AAT 8123965; Jerusalem the Golden, Margaret Drabble, William Morrow & Co. American first edition, published in Great Britain (1967) by Weidenfeld & Nicholson Ltd;
[13] Jerusalem the Golden, Margaret Drabble, William Morrow & Co. American first edition, published in Great Britain (1967) by Weidenfeld & Nicholson Ltd;
[14] Quoted from an interview featured with Margaret Drabble;
[15] Jerusalem the Golden, a poem originally written by Bernard of Morlas, 12th century, translated by John M. Nile, 1818-1866.
Anne Golomb Hoffman,"Acts of Self- Creation:Female Identity in the Novels of Margaret Drabble",Faith of a Woman Writer[J]Greenwood Press,1988:21-9.
Betty Fredan,The Feminine Mystique[M]Penguin Books,1963.
Drabble,Margaret.Jerusalem the Golden.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books,1967.
Edwards,Lee R."Jerusalem the Golden:A Fable for our Times." Women's Studies 6,(1979):321-34.
Joan S.Korenman,"Liberation of Margaret Drabble",Critique Studies in Modern Fiction,Vol.21.No.3,1980:61-72.
Rose,Ellen Cronan.The Novels of Margaret Drabble:Equivocal Figures.London:Macmillan:1980.
Sandra M.Gilbert and Susan Gubar.The Mad Woman in the Attic[M]New Heaven:Yale University Press 1979:11.
Simone de Behavior.The second Sex[M]New York:vintage,1989:97.
Feng,Zhenli.[冯真莉],不懈的追求--《金色的耶路撒冷》中克拉克对生活的态度[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2007.
Margaret Drabble[玛格丽特·德拉布尔],金色的撒路撒冷[Z].吕俊,译.南京:译林出版社,2002:8.
Jiang,Xiaomei.[江晓梅],跨越分界线--二十世纪英国女性主义文学简论[J].湖北大学成人教育学院学报,2001,(1)
Ouyang,Meihe.[欧阳美和],新夏娃受难记的女性主义解读[J].外国文学研究,2003(4).
Ren,Haiyun&Du,Lili.[任海云,杜丽丽],《金色的耶路撒冷》的女性主义的解读[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(3.)
Qu,Xiaoli.[屈小丽译],“我是怎样成为作家的--德拉布尔访谈录”[J].《当代外国文学》,2002.
Wang,Shouren&He,Ning.[王守仁,何宁],20世纪英国文学史[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[2]Quoted from Hattiet Blodgett's review of Jerusalem the Golden;
[3]Quoted from Michael F.Harper view on Jerusalem the Golden;
[4]Joanne V.Creighton,The Needle's Eye,published by Random House Inc(T)(Jun 1972)(P188);
[5]Everyday Magic:Fairy Tales in the Fiction of Iris Murdoch,Margaret Drabble and A.S Byatt by Lisa Michelle Fiander,PhD,University of Alberta(Canada),2002,AAT NQ68571;
[6]Diving into the Wreck:The Feminist Novel of Self-discovery by Grace Kinsman Lovelace,Ph.D.,University of California,2000,AAT 9988284;
[7]North and South:Margaret Drabble's Jerusalem the Golden and the Radiant Way by Gillian R.Hettinger,Doctor of Letters,2000,AAT 9968517;
[8]The Question of "Englishness":Identity,Culture,Class and Gender in the Novels of Margaret Drabble by Elizabeth Eastman Somerton,PhD,Dalhousie University (Canada),1998,AAT NN87254;
[9]The Tradition of Women in the Family in Margaret Drabble's Novels:Redefining the "Angel in the House" by Lillian Louis O'Neal Manning,PhD,Saint Louis University,1997,AAT 9803793;
[10]Representation of Women in Margaret Drabble's Early Fiction by Sandra Saccucci,PhD,University of Toronto(Canada),1993,AAT NN86349;
[11] The Moving Sphere: Margaret Drabble's Novels of Connection and Contradiction by Helon Howell Raines, PhD, University of Denver, 1985, AAT 8524535;
[12] Existing within Structures: Margaret Drabble's View of the Individual by Mary Hurley Moran, PhD, The University of New Mexico, 1980, AAT 8123965; Jerusalem the Golden, Margaret Drabble, William Morrow & Co. American first edition, published in Great Britain (1967) by Weidenfeld & Nicholson Ltd;
[13] Jerusalem the Golden, Margaret Drabble, William Morrow & Co. American first edition, published in Great Britain (1967) by Weidenfeld & Nicholson Ltd;
[14] Quoted from an interview featured with Margaret Drabble;
[15] Jerusalem the Golden, a poem originally written by Bernard of Morlas, 12th century, translated by John M. Nile, 1818-1866.
Anne Golomb Hoffman,"Acts of Self- Creation:Female Identity in the Novels of Margaret Drabble",Faith of a Woman Writer[J]Greenwood Press,1988:21-9.
Betty Fredan,The Feminine Mystique[M]Penguin Books,1963.
Drabble,Margaret.Jerusalem the Golden.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books,1967.
Edwards,Lee R."Jerusalem the Golden:A Fable for our Times." Women's Studies 6,(1979):321-34.
Joan S.Korenman,"Liberation of Margaret Drabble",Critique Studies in Modern Fiction,Vol.21.No.3,1980:61-72.
Rose,Ellen Cronan.The Novels of Margaret Drabble:Equivocal Figures.London:Macmillan:1980.
Sandra M.Gilbert and Susan Gubar.The Mad Woman in the Attic[M]New Heaven:Yale University Press 1979:11.
Simone de Behavior.The second Sex[M]New York:vintage,1989:97.
Feng,Zhenli.[冯真莉],不懈的追求--《金色的耶路撒冷》中克拉克对生活的态度[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2007.
Margaret Drabble[玛格丽特·德拉布尔],金色的撒路撒冷[Z].吕俊,译.南京:译林出版社,2002:8.
Jiang,Xiaomei.[江晓梅],跨越分界线--二十世纪英国女性主义文学简论[J].湖北大学成人教育学院学报,2001,(1)
Ouyang,Meihe.[欧阳美和],新夏娃受难记的女性主义解读[J].外国文学研究,2003(4).
Ren,Haiyun&Du,Lili.[任海云,杜丽丽],《金色的耶路撒冷》的女性主义的解读[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(3.)
Qu,Xiaoli.[屈小丽译],“我是怎样成为作家的--德拉布尔访谈录”[J].《当代外国文学》,2002.
Wang,Shouren&He,Ning.[王守仁,何宁],20世纪英国文学史[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.