造纸企业树立正确的环保观念的重要性
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摘要
循环经济,就是把清洁生产和废弃物的综合利用融为一体的经济,是一种促进人与自然和谐相处的经济发展模式。
世界经济发展进程规律表明,当地区人均收入达到一定阶段时,往往会存在人口、资源、环境等瓶颈制约严重的时期。在这些地区,生态环境、自然资源和社会经济发展之间的矛盾会越来越突出。这就决定着,必须要走以有效利用资源和保护环境为基础的循环经济之路。
传统工业社会的经济是一种单向流动的线性经济,即“资源一生产一消费一废弃物排放”,而循环经济要求运用生态学规律把经济活动组织成一个“资源一生产一消费一再生资源”的反馈式流程,使经济系统与自然生态系统的物质循环过程相互和谐,最终达到资源能够多次利用和环境得到有效保护的目的。
循环经济要求以“3R”为社会经济活动的行为准则,在三个层面实施:企业内的物质循环,区域层面上的中循环和社会层面上的大循环。并具备新的系统观,新的价值观和新的生产观等主要特征。
我国造纸行业的生产和消费目前正处在快速发展的局面,原料结构正进一步优化,木浆比例有所提高,废纸浆比例快速增长,非木浆比例大幅下降;技术方面也进一步成熟,从制浆、造纸、节能到污染治理,造纸工业的科学技术都有着很大的提高;各类纸产品的总需求量在未来还将有着较大幅度的增长,造纸工业市场前景也比较乐观。这些都为造纸企业顺应趋势,大力发展循环经济提供了良好的背景。而同时,造纸工业目前对社会造成的污染仍然十分严重,生产所造成的污染同环境保护之间的矛盾日益矛盾,从而,越发凸显造纸工业发展循环经济的必要性。
利用废纸回收造纸,是造纸工业发展循环经济的一个大有前景的趋势。但我国在利用废纸造纸方而,一方而废纸回收率远低于世界平均水平;另一方面废纸进口量逐年大幅增长,依赖从关国、日本、西欧等发达国家供应,矛盾日益突出。如何提高废纸回收率,充分利用废纸造纸是一个亟待解决的课题。利用废纸替代原生纤维木浆造纸,不仅可大量节约木材纤维原料,而且可降低能耗,节约清水,具有良好的环保效益和经济效益。
玖龙纸业就是利用废纸回收造纸来发展造纸工业循环经济的一个典型的代表。该企业目前是中国最大的箱板原纸生产商,也是全球最大的箱板原纸生产商之一。企业从最初创业,就带着“废纸就是森林”这样朴素的循环经济意识,从通过回收废纸进行造纸开始起步,始终把大力发展循环经济当作企业的主要宗旨,把循环经济意识逐步贯彻和落实到生产中的各个环节中来。
因此,通过对玖龙纸业近年来的相关数据的收集和整理,并选择运用造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系来对玖龙纸业发展循环经济来进行分析和研究,对于探讨造纸工业循环经济的应用规律,具有一定实用价值和意义。
造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系是从循环经济系统的角度全面考虑,采用“目的树”的分析方法,从循环经济构建的目标出发设计造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系。其思路是:首先要确定循环经济评价的总目标,然后结合造纸工业发展循环经济的自身特点,合理选取评价指标,将选取的指标分解为若干层次,逐级发展、推导出各级子目标,最后提出描述、表达目标的各项指标即最后一层的具体指标。因此,这样建立的指标体系,能够保持严格的内部逻辑统一性。
选择造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系应该遵循:科学性与实用性相统一原则、3R原则动态性和静态性相统一原则、系统性与层次性相统一的原则、可比性和可靠性相统一原则以及可操作性和简明性相统一原则。从而来保障指标体系的有效性、实用性和科学性。
造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系共包括准则层、要素层、指标层、目标层和权重层等五个层,在目标层上总计有25个指标。权重层的权重是通过层次分析法来确定指标的,其确定的步骤是,先确定评价的层次结构模型,进而构造判断矩阵,得到判断矩阵后,按计算步骤得到一个新的矩阵,依此来确定准则层指标对目标层的贡献程度,进而得到准则层的权重向量。在对判断矩阵作一致性检验之后,就可以计算指标相对于目标层的权重了。为了更直观地对分析结果进行判断,因此采用综合距离值和实现度值来说明造纸工业循环经济的发展水平。参照国内外有关研究成果,结合有关专家的意见,设计了6个等级标准来描述造纸工业循环经济的发展程度,
接下来,通过对玖龙纸业2006—2007年的相关数据的收集和挑选,确定了目标值,并运用距离函数模型的方法,来对企业的循环经济的情况进行评价等级确定。根据计算结果表明,造纸工业循环经济发展能力较高。
要想判断指标体系中的某项指标是否为造纸工业循环经济的制约因子,主要需要考虑两个方面的因素,一是该指标目标值与现状值的差值,即距离值的大小;二是该指标相对于整个指标体系的重要程度,即权重值的大小。按照指标距离值和权重值相乘的数值大小来排序,排在前面的指标即为系统的制约因子。根据对这些制约因子进行归类,发现玖龙纸业在污染排放强度、原料结构、循环经济保障、新鲜水消耗和系统创新能力等方面仍有可供调整和发展的空间。由此而得出相应的调节措施,即:加快建立玖龙纸业造纸工业循环经济发展模式,通过进一步提高原材料、利用率,减少污染物的排放量;加大科技投入,大力发展减量化技术、再利用技术、资源化技术和替代技术等;进一步发展玖龙纸业循环经济发展原材料供应模式,加快林浆纸一体化项目建设,同时加强国内废纸的回收力度,扩大原料的自给率;加强循环经济保障体系的建设,扩大循环经济推进机构的范围和力度。
Circulation economy is an economy which perfectly combines unpolluted production and comprehensive utilization of wastes, and it is an economical development pattern which promotes the harmony of the person and the nature
The universal law of world economic development process manifests that, economic will be seriously constrained by population, resources, environment when regional per capita net income reaches some level. In these regions, the contradictions among resources, environment and economic development becomes more serious, which pushes us to exercise circulation economy based on efficient utilization of resources and protecting environment
Traditional industry society is“resources-product-consume- discharge”one-way economic. However, circulation economy request the construction of“resources-product-consume- recycling resources”. In this way, the material circulations between economic system and natural ecosystem can be harmonious, so that resources can be utilized repeatedly and environment efficiently protected.
Circulation economy request“3R’as code of conduct in economic activities, and perform in three aspects: material circulations in the industry, moderate circulation in region and utmost circulation in society.“3R”characterizes new conception of system, value, production and so on.
The production and consumption of our paper industry develop highly; the structure of raw materials keeps optimizing; the proportion of wood pulp increases substantially, while non- wood pulp decrease; the skill which covers pure, papermaking, becomes perfected, the technique of papermaking advanced obviously. All of the above offers good background for exercising circulation economy in paper industry. Meanwhile, paper industry still pollutes environment badly, which worsens contradiction between pollution and environment. Therefore, exercising circulation economy in paper industry is badly needed.
Recycling waste is a trend with good prospects to exercise circulation economy in paper industry. But in our country, the contradiction is serious; on one hand, the rate of reclamation is low; on the other hand, the import of waste paper increases year by year, depending on importation from developed countries such as the America, Japan, and Western Europe and so on. It is a pushing problem that to improve the rate of reclamation, and utilize waste paper. Using waste paper instead of raw wood pulp can save raw wood pulp and water; reduce resources-consumption. It produces good environment-protecting and economic benefit.
Nine Dragons Paper sets an example in exercising circulation economy through reclamation. The industry is the best producer for crates in China, and also in the world. From initiation, it always entertains the sense of circulation economy such as“waste paper is woods”. It starts from reclamation of waste paper, always makes exercising circulation economy its main aim, and gradually performs circulation economy through every section in production.
Thus, through collecting and reorganizing the correlated data in recent years of Nine Dragons Paper industry, using evaluation system to analyze and research the circulation economy in the enterprise has certain value and significance to discuss the application of circulation economy in paper industry.
The circulation economic evaluation target system of paper industry considers the circulation economical system comprehensively. It uses the analytic method of“goal tree”and starts from the target of the circulation economy to design the system. It follows the mentality: firstly, determine the total goal of the evaluation, and then concerns the characteristics of circulation economy to select the appraisal target reasonably, next decompose the target into certain levels, and infer all levels of sub targets, finally get the indexes to descript and convey the target namely the concrete target of the final level. Therefore, the target system can maintain strict internal logical unity.
Choosing the evaluation target should follow the unified principle of theoretic and practical, dynamic and static, systematic and level, commeasurable and reliable, as well as operational and concise. Therefore, the validity, usability and scientific nature can be guaranteed.
The circulation economic evaluation target system of the paper industry includes the criterion level, the essential factor level, the index level, the target level and the weight level. In the target level, there are 25 targets. The index in the weight level is defined by the method of level analysis. The following is the step: firstly determine the level structural model to appraise, then structure the judgment matrix, after that, obtain a new matrix through computation steps, and then define the contribution degree of the criterion level target to the target level, further get the weight vector of the criterion level. After examining the information of the judging matrix, we may calculate the weight of the index to the target. In order to judge the analysis result directly, use the synthesis value and realization value to explain the development of circulation economy in paper industry. Referring to the domestic and foreign related research results and taking concerned expert opinions into account, a standard of six ranks is designed to describe the degree of development of circulation economy in paper industry. Next, determine the target value through collecting and choosing the correlation data in 2006-2007 of Nine Dragons Paper industry. And use the distance function model method to appraise the situation of the enterprise’s circulation economy and rank them. The computed result indicates that the paper industry has a large space to develop the circulation economy.
If want to know whether some target in the target system is the restrictive factor for the circulation economy in paper industry, two factors must be considered. One is the distance between target value and present value, namely the number of the value, the other is the important degree of the target to the entire target system, namely the number of the weight value. The number we get from the value size multiplying the weight value, which arranges at the front, is the restriction factor. According to classifying these restriction factors, we can get that Nine Dragons Paper still has the space to adjusting and developing in the discharged intensity, raw material structure, circulation economy safeguard and system innovation ability. Thus, the corresponding adjustment measure can be got, namely, speeding up the establishment of the circulation economy development pattern in paper industry, enlarging the technical investment to develop the decrement technology, reusing technology, resource technology and substitution technology, deepening Nine Dragons Paper industry’s circulation economy and the pattern of raw material supply, speeding up the construction of integration project of Forest- Pulp-Paper, simultaneously strengthening recycling dynamics of the domestic scrap paper and expanding the self-sufficient rate, and at last strengthening the construction of the circulation economy safeguard system, popularizing the circulation economy.
世界经济发展进程规律表明,当地区人均收入达到一定阶段时,往往会存在人口、资源、环境等瓶颈制约严重的时期。在这些地区,生态环境、自然资源和社会经济发展之间的矛盾会越来越突出。这就决定着,必须要走以有效利用资源和保护环境为基础的循环经济之路。
传统工业社会的经济是一种单向流动的线性经济,即“资源一生产一消费一废弃物排放”,而循环经济要求运用生态学规律把经济活动组织成一个“资源一生产一消费一再生资源”的反馈式流程,使经济系统与自然生态系统的物质循环过程相互和谐,最终达到资源能够多次利用和环境得到有效保护的目的。
循环经济要求以“3R”为社会经济活动的行为准则,在三个层面实施:企业内的物质循环,区域层面上的中循环和社会层面上的大循环。并具备新的系统观,新的价值观和新的生产观等主要特征。
我国造纸行业的生产和消费目前正处在快速发展的局面,原料结构正进一步优化,木浆比例有所提高,废纸浆比例快速增长,非木浆比例大幅下降;技术方面也进一步成熟,从制浆、造纸、节能到污染治理,造纸工业的科学技术都有着很大的提高;各类纸产品的总需求量在未来还将有着较大幅度的增长,造纸工业市场前景也比较乐观。这些都为造纸企业顺应趋势,大力发展循环经济提供了良好的背景。而同时,造纸工业目前对社会造成的污染仍然十分严重,生产所造成的污染同环境保护之间的矛盾日益矛盾,从而,越发凸显造纸工业发展循环经济的必要性。
利用废纸回收造纸,是造纸工业发展循环经济的一个大有前景的趋势。但我国在利用废纸造纸方而,一方而废纸回收率远低于世界平均水平;另一方面废纸进口量逐年大幅增长,依赖从关国、日本、西欧等发达国家供应,矛盾日益突出。如何提高废纸回收率,充分利用废纸造纸是一个亟待解决的课题。利用废纸替代原生纤维木浆造纸,不仅可大量节约木材纤维原料,而且可降低能耗,节约清水,具有良好的环保效益和经济效益。
玖龙纸业就是利用废纸回收造纸来发展造纸工业循环经济的一个典型的代表。该企业目前是中国最大的箱板原纸生产商,也是全球最大的箱板原纸生产商之一。企业从最初创业,就带着“废纸就是森林”这样朴素的循环经济意识,从通过回收废纸进行造纸开始起步,始终把大力发展循环经济当作企业的主要宗旨,把循环经济意识逐步贯彻和落实到生产中的各个环节中来。
因此,通过对玖龙纸业近年来的相关数据的收集和整理,并选择运用造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系来对玖龙纸业发展循环经济来进行分析和研究,对于探讨造纸工业循环经济的应用规律,具有一定实用价值和意义。
造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系是从循环经济系统的角度全面考虑,采用“目的树”的分析方法,从循环经济构建的目标出发设计造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系。其思路是:首先要确定循环经济评价的总目标,然后结合造纸工业发展循环经济的自身特点,合理选取评价指标,将选取的指标分解为若干层次,逐级发展、推导出各级子目标,最后提出描述、表达目标的各项指标即最后一层的具体指标。因此,这样建立的指标体系,能够保持严格的内部逻辑统一性。
选择造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系应该遵循:科学性与实用性相统一原则、3R原则动态性和静态性相统一原则、系统性与层次性相统一的原则、可比性和可靠性相统一原则以及可操作性和简明性相统一原则。从而来保障指标体系的有效性、实用性和科学性。
造纸工业循环经济评价指标体系共包括准则层、要素层、指标层、目标层和权重层等五个层,在目标层上总计有25个指标。权重层的权重是通过层次分析法来确定指标的,其确定的步骤是,先确定评价的层次结构模型,进而构造判断矩阵,得到判断矩阵后,按计算步骤得到一个新的矩阵,依此来确定准则层指标对目标层的贡献程度,进而得到准则层的权重向量。在对判断矩阵作一致性检验之后,就可以计算指标相对于目标层的权重了。为了更直观地对分析结果进行判断,因此采用综合距离值和实现度值来说明造纸工业循环经济的发展水平。参照国内外有关研究成果,结合有关专家的意见,设计了6个等级标准来描述造纸工业循环经济的发展程度,
接下来,通过对玖龙纸业2006—2007年的相关数据的收集和挑选,确定了目标值,并运用距离函数模型的方法,来对企业的循环经济的情况进行评价等级确定。根据计算结果表明,造纸工业循环经济发展能力较高。
要想判断指标体系中的某项指标是否为造纸工业循环经济的制约因子,主要需要考虑两个方面的因素,一是该指标目标值与现状值的差值,即距离值的大小;二是该指标相对于整个指标体系的重要程度,即权重值的大小。按照指标距离值和权重值相乘的数值大小来排序,排在前面的指标即为系统的制约因子。根据对这些制约因子进行归类,发现玖龙纸业在污染排放强度、原料结构、循环经济保障、新鲜水消耗和系统创新能力等方面仍有可供调整和发展的空间。由此而得出相应的调节措施,即:加快建立玖龙纸业造纸工业循环经济发展模式,通过进一步提高原材料、利用率,减少污染物的排放量;加大科技投入,大力发展减量化技术、再利用技术、资源化技术和替代技术等;进一步发展玖龙纸业循环经济发展原材料供应模式,加快林浆纸一体化项目建设,同时加强国内废纸的回收力度,扩大原料的自给率;加强循环经济保障体系的建设,扩大循环经济推进机构的范围和力度。
Circulation economy is an economy which perfectly combines unpolluted production and comprehensive utilization of wastes, and it is an economical development pattern which promotes the harmony of the person and the nature
The universal law of world economic development process manifests that, economic will be seriously constrained by population, resources, environment when regional per capita net income reaches some level. In these regions, the contradictions among resources, environment and economic development becomes more serious, which pushes us to exercise circulation economy based on efficient utilization of resources and protecting environment
Traditional industry society is“resources-product-consume- discharge”one-way economic. However, circulation economy request the construction of“resources-product-consume- recycling resources”. In this way, the material circulations between economic system and natural ecosystem can be harmonious, so that resources can be utilized repeatedly and environment efficiently protected.
Circulation economy request“3R’as code of conduct in economic activities, and perform in three aspects: material circulations in the industry, moderate circulation in region and utmost circulation in society.“3R”characterizes new conception of system, value, production and so on.
The production and consumption of our paper industry develop highly; the structure of raw materials keeps optimizing; the proportion of wood pulp increases substantially, while non- wood pulp decrease; the skill which covers pure, papermaking, becomes perfected, the technique of papermaking advanced obviously. All of the above offers good background for exercising circulation economy in paper industry. Meanwhile, paper industry still pollutes environment badly, which worsens contradiction between pollution and environment. Therefore, exercising circulation economy in paper industry is badly needed.
Recycling waste is a trend with good prospects to exercise circulation economy in paper industry. But in our country, the contradiction is serious; on one hand, the rate of reclamation is low; on the other hand, the import of waste paper increases year by year, depending on importation from developed countries such as the America, Japan, and Western Europe and so on. It is a pushing problem that to improve the rate of reclamation, and utilize waste paper. Using waste paper instead of raw wood pulp can save raw wood pulp and water; reduce resources-consumption. It produces good environment-protecting and economic benefit.
Nine Dragons Paper sets an example in exercising circulation economy through reclamation. The industry is the best producer for crates in China, and also in the world. From initiation, it always entertains the sense of circulation economy such as“waste paper is woods”. It starts from reclamation of waste paper, always makes exercising circulation economy its main aim, and gradually performs circulation economy through every section in production.
Thus, through collecting and reorganizing the correlated data in recent years of Nine Dragons Paper industry, using evaluation system to analyze and research the circulation economy in the enterprise has certain value and significance to discuss the application of circulation economy in paper industry.
The circulation economic evaluation target system of paper industry considers the circulation economical system comprehensively. It uses the analytic method of“goal tree”and starts from the target of the circulation economy to design the system. It follows the mentality: firstly, determine the total goal of the evaluation, and then concerns the characteristics of circulation economy to select the appraisal target reasonably, next decompose the target into certain levels, and infer all levels of sub targets, finally get the indexes to descript and convey the target namely the concrete target of the final level. Therefore, the target system can maintain strict internal logical unity.
Choosing the evaluation target should follow the unified principle of theoretic and practical, dynamic and static, systematic and level, commeasurable and reliable, as well as operational and concise. Therefore, the validity, usability and scientific nature can be guaranteed.
The circulation economic evaluation target system of the paper industry includes the criterion level, the essential factor level, the index level, the target level and the weight level. In the target level, there are 25 targets. The index in the weight level is defined by the method of level analysis. The following is the step: firstly determine the level structural model to appraise, then structure the judgment matrix, after that, obtain a new matrix through computation steps, and then define the contribution degree of the criterion level target to the target level, further get the weight vector of the criterion level. After examining the information of the judging matrix, we may calculate the weight of the index to the target. In order to judge the analysis result directly, use the synthesis value and realization value to explain the development of circulation economy in paper industry. Referring to the domestic and foreign related research results and taking concerned expert opinions into account, a standard of six ranks is designed to describe the degree of development of circulation economy in paper industry. Next, determine the target value through collecting and choosing the correlation data in 2006-2007 of Nine Dragons Paper industry. And use the distance function model method to appraise the situation of the enterprise’s circulation economy and rank them. The computed result indicates that the paper industry has a large space to develop the circulation economy.
If want to know whether some target in the target system is the restrictive factor for the circulation economy in paper industry, two factors must be considered. One is the distance between target value and present value, namely the number of the value, the other is the important degree of the target to the entire target system, namely the number of the weight value. The number we get from the value size multiplying the weight value, which arranges at the front, is the restriction factor. According to classifying these restriction factors, we can get that Nine Dragons Paper still has the space to adjusting and developing in the discharged intensity, raw material structure, circulation economy safeguard and system innovation ability. Thus, the corresponding adjustment measure can be got, namely, speeding up the establishment of the circulation economy development pattern in paper industry, enlarging the technical investment to develop the decrement technology, reusing technology, resource technology and substitution technology, deepening Nine Dragons Paper industry’s circulation economy and the pattern of raw material supply, speeding up the construction of integration project of Forest- Pulp-Paper, simultaneously strengthening recycling dynamics of the domestic scrap paper and expanding the self-sufficient rate, and at last strengthening the construction of the circulation economy safeguard system, popularizing the circulation economy.
引文
1丁慧,《循环经济发展的理论基础、运行模式及障碍》,经济纵横, Economic Review, 2007-05
2马凯,《贯彻落实科学发展观推进循环经济发展》[N]《人民日报》, 2004-10-19.
3苏杨、周宏春,《.发展循环经济的几个基本问题》[J]经济理论与经济管理,2004-10
4齐建国,《关于循环经济理论与政策的思考》[J]经济纵横,2004-2
5曲格平,《发展循环经济是 21 世纪的大趋势》[J]环保谷网(www. epvalley. com),2003-05-14
6王格芳、王成新,《循环经济推动可持续发展》[N].学习时报,2003-03-31.
7黄敬华,《我国循环经济发展模式研究》,东北师范大学,硕士学位论文,2006-05
8初丽霞,《循环经济发展模式及其政策措施研究》[D]硕士学位论文,济南,山东师范大学,2003.
9吴季松,《循环经济的主要特征》,石油政工研究, 2003-04
10国家环保总局,国家排放标准《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》2007
11吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(五)减量化制浆新技术》[J]中华纸业,2005-26(11):16—21.
12余江、康建雄,《爆破法制浆工艺及其生产废水污染防治措施探讨》[J].环境科学与技术,2005.-28:113—115.
13《中国造纸年鉴 2006》
14吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(六)减量化造纸新技术》[J]中华纸业,2005-26 (12 )
15吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(七)节约用水》[J]中华纸业,2006-27 ( 1 ):17-21
16吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(八)制浆节能新技术》[J]中华纸业,2006-27 (2):12-16.
17吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(九)造纸节能新技术》[J]中华纸业,2006-27(3): 20-25.
18吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(十一)环境保护》[J].中华纸业,2006-27(6): 18-23.
19 张文婷,《中国主要纸产品需求与产业结构调整的研究》硕士毕业论文,北京林业大学,2007-05
20赵会芳、沙力争,《中国造纸产品的生命周期分析》[J].纸和造纸,2004-1: 76-79.
21 劳嘉葆,《造纸工业污染控制与环境保护》[M]北京,中国轻工业出版社,2004
22孙佑海,《循环经济呼唤立法》,人民日报,2005-08-10
马凯,《发展循环经济,建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会》求是,2005- 16
23龚远星、王巍娜,《中国发展循环经济的几点思考》,福州大学法学院,再生资源研究(Recycling Research),2004-06
24温家宝在十届全国人大三次会议的《政府工作报告》,光明日报.,2005- 04-01.
25 中国造纸协会,中国造纸工业 2004 年度报告[J],中华纸业,2005 (5):6-11
26 吴晓晖,《2002—20003 年全国造纸行业排名变动分析》[J],中华纸业,2004(8): 20— 21
27 顾民达,《废纸回收利用现状、问题及对策》[M]中国造纸大全,2003—2004:429—434
28谢连科,《华泰集团造纸工业循环经济发展模式构建研究》,硕士毕业论文,2007-07-19:33-39
29朱庆芳、吴寒光,《社会指标体系》[M]北京,中国社会科学出版社,2001
30张文东、易轶虎,《复杂系统多目标综合评价方法的比较研究》[J]青岛大学学报(自然科学版),2005-18 (4):85-90. 王良健,《地方循环经济发展评估指标体系及评估方法研究》[J]煤炭经济研究,2006-2:6-8. 温瑛茂、柯雄侃、王峰,《区域可持续发展评价体系与方法研究》[J]环境导报,1999 (2):33-36.
31刘彦琴、郝晋眠,《区域可持续土地利用空间差异评价研究—以黄淮海平原为例》[J]资源科学,2003. 25(2): 56-62.
1、吴国荣,《试说循环经济》,中国包装(China Packaging),2005-01
2、史健玲,《大力推进我国循环经济的发展》,南方论丛(Southern Forum),2006-03
3、范新成,《我国发展循环经济的障碍及路径选择》,财经政法资讯(Information of Economics and Law)2007-01
4、王长安,《循环经济问题讨论综述》,中国人民大学,经济理论与经济管理(Economic Theory and Business Management),2004-12
5、张文婷,《中国主要纸产品需求与产业结构调整的研究》,[D]北京林业大学,2007 硕士论文
6、丁慧,《循环经济发展的理论基础、运行模式及障碍》,经济纵横,(Economic Review)2005-05
7、龚远星、王巍娜,《中国发展循环经济的几点思考》,福州大学法学院,再生资源研究(Recycling Research)2004-06
8、谢连科,《华泰集团造纸工业循环经济发展模式构建研究》,[D]硕士毕业论文,2007-07-19
9、熊心诚、董冀川,《浅论西部大开发中的贵州造纸业可持续发展战略》
10、陈辉,《“企业社会责任”对我国企业国际化经营的潜在影响——对 SA8000 标准的思考、理论探讨》,2004-06
11、中国环保总局,2006 年环境统计年报
12、中国环保总局,2006 年中国环境状况公报
13、The Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development: Social Responsibilities of Business Corporations, 1971
14、Thomas Donaldson:Ties That Bind:: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics. Harvard Business School ,1999
15、彼得·德鲁克,《管理:使命、责任、实践》,机械工业出版社,2007-03 第一版第 5次印刷
16、王祥,《变废为宝实现造纸业可持续发展》,《光明日报》,2005-04-21
17 、 Theodore Levitt: The Dangers of Social Responsibility, Harvard Business Review, September-October, 1958
18、Dr Saleem Sheikh: Corporate Social Responsibility: Law and Practice,Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1996
19、周宇,《中国造纸业如何走出环境困局?》, 《绿色中国》2006 年 17 期
20、雷玖, 《ABB(中国)制浆造纸部情况及其问题分析》 [D]清华大学,硕士论文,2005-04-21
21、黎雪林,《我国循环经济的系统分析、评价与管理研究》 [D]暨南大学,博士论文,2007-11-19
22、黄敬华,《我国循环经济发展模式研究.》[D]东北师范大学,硕士论文,2006-08-10
23、吴季松,《循环经济的主要特征》,石油政工研究,2003 年 04 期
24、吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(十一)环境保护》[J].中华纸业,2006-27(6).
2马凯,《贯彻落实科学发展观推进循环经济发展》[N]《人民日报》, 2004-10-19.
3苏杨、周宏春,《.发展循环经济的几个基本问题》[J]经济理论与经济管理,2004-10
4齐建国,《关于循环经济理论与政策的思考》[J]经济纵横,2004-2
5曲格平,《发展循环经济是 21 世纪的大趋势》[J]环保谷网(www. epvalley. com),2003-05-14
6王格芳、王成新,《循环经济推动可持续发展》[N].学习时报,2003-03-31.
7黄敬华,《我国循环经济发展模式研究》,东北师范大学,硕士学位论文,2006-05
8初丽霞,《循环经济发展模式及其政策措施研究》[D]硕士学位论文,济南,山东师范大学,2003.
9吴季松,《循环经济的主要特征》,石油政工研究, 2003-04
10国家环保总局,国家排放标准《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》2007
11吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(五)减量化制浆新技术》[J]中华纸业,2005-26(11):16—21.
12余江、康建雄,《爆破法制浆工艺及其生产废水污染防治措施探讨》[J].环境科学与技术,2005.-28:113—115.
13《中国造纸年鉴 2006》
14吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(六)减量化造纸新技术》[J]中华纸业,2005-26 (12 )
15吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(七)节约用水》[J]中华纸业,2006-27 ( 1 ):17-21
16吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(八)制浆节能新技术》[J]中华纸业,2006-27 (2):12-16.
17吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(九)造纸节能新技术》[J]中华纸业,2006-27(3): 20-25.
18吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(十一)环境保护》[J].中华纸业,2006-27(6): 18-23.
19 张文婷,《中国主要纸产品需求与产业结构调整的研究》硕士毕业论文,北京林业大学,2007-05
20赵会芳、沙力争,《中国造纸产品的生命周期分析》[J].纸和造纸,2004-1: 76-79.
21 劳嘉葆,《造纸工业污染控制与环境保护》[M]北京,中国轻工业出版社,2004
22孙佑海,《循环经济呼唤立法》,人民日报,2005-08-10
马凯,《发展循环经济,建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会》求是,2005- 16
23龚远星、王巍娜,《中国发展循环经济的几点思考》,福州大学法学院,再生资源研究(Recycling Research),2004-06
24温家宝在十届全国人大三次会议的《政府工作报告》,光明日报.,2005- 04-01.
25 中国造纸协会,中国造纸工业 2004 年度报告[J],中华纸业,2005 (5):6-11
26 吴晓晖,《2002—20003 年全国造纸行业排名变动分析》[J],中华纸业,2004(8): 20— 21
27 顾民达,《废纸回收利用现状、问题及对策》[M]中国造纸大全,2003—2004:429—434
28谢连科,《华泰集团造纸工业循环经济发展模式构建研究》,硕士毕业论文,2007-07-19:33-39
29朱庆芳、吴寒光,《社会指标体系》[M]北京,中国社会科学出版社,2001
30张文东、易轶虎,《复杂系统多目标综合评价方法的比较研究》[J]青岛大学学报(自然科学版),2005-18 (4):85-90. 王良健,《地方循环经济发展评估指标体系及评估方法研究》[J]煤炭经济研究,2006-2:6-8. 温瑛茂、柯雄侃、王峰,《区域可持续发展评价体系与方法研究》[J]环境导报,1999 (2):33-36.
31刘彦琴、郝晋眠,《区域可持续土地利用空间差异评价研究—以黄淮海平原为例》[J]资源科学,2003. 25(2): 56-62.
1、吴国荣,《试说循环经济》,中国包装(China Packaging),2005-01
2、史健玲,《大力推进我国循环经济的发展》,南方论丛(Southern Forum),2006-03
3、范新成,《我国发展循环经济的障碍及路径选择》,财经政法资讯(Information of Economics and Law)2007-01
4、王长安,《循环经济问题讨论综述》,中国人民大学,经济理论与经济管理(Economic Theory and Business Management),2004-12
5、张文婷,《中国主要纸产品需求与产业结构调整的研究》,[D]北京林业大学,2007 硕士论文
6、丁慧,《循环经济发展的理论基础、运行模式及障碍》,经济纵横,(Economic Review)2005-05
7、龚远星、王巍娜,《中国发展循环经济的几点思考》,福州大学法学院,再生资源研究(Recycling Research)2004-06
8、谢连科,《华泰集团造纸工业循环经济发展模式构建研究》,[D]硕士毕业论文,2007-07-19
9、熊心诚、董冀川,《浅论西部大开发中的贵州造纸业可持续发展战略》
10、陈辉,《“企业社会责任”对我国企业国际化经营的潜在影响——对 SA8000 标准的思考、理论探讨》,2004-06
11、中国环保总局,2006 年环境统计年报
12、中国环保总局,2006 年中国环境状况公报
13、The Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development: Social Responsibilities of Business Corporations, 1971
14、Thomas Donaldson:Ties That Bind:: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics. Harvard Business School ,1999
15、彼得·德鲁克,《管理:使命、责任、实践》,机械工业出版社,2007-03 第一版第 5次印刷
16、王祥,《变废为宝实现造纸业可持续发展》,《光明日报》,2005-04-21
17 、 Theodore Levitt: The Dangers of Social Responsibility, Harvard Business Review, September-October, 1958
18、Dr Saleem Sheikh: Corporate Social Responsibility: Law and Practice,Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1996
19、周宇,《中国造纸业如何走出环境困局?》, 《绿色中国》2006 年 17 期
20、雷玖, 《ABB(中国)制浆造纸部情况及其问题分析》 [D]清华大学,硕士论文,2005-04-21
21、黎雪林,《我国循环经济的系统分析、评价与管理研究》 [D]暨南大学,博士论文,2007-11-19
22、黄敬华,《我国循环经济发展模式研究.》[D]东北师范大学,硕士论文,2006-08-10
23、吴季松,《循环经济的主要特征》,石油政工研究,2003 年 04 期
24、吴福骞,《谈造纸工业循环经济(十一)环境保护》[J].中华纸业,2006-27(6).