中国商业银行效率的测度与研究
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摘要
商业银行效率的提升是当前迎接外资银行挑战的根本要求,同时也是我国金融业可持续发展的关键所在。对我国商业银行效率问题进行深入研究,可促进银行的监管部门对目前银行业的效率水平进行准确判断；可以进一步完善及补充国内外效率研究的理论及方法；有助于投资者了解银行的投资决策,正确引导社会资金的流向；有助于各个银行系统之间及各银行分支机构之间正确判断彼此的效率差距,进而更有效的优化和配置资源；有助于商业银行发展模式的转变以及我国银行业的可持续发展。
本文在吸收和借鉴诸多优秀成果的基础上,通过理论的分析、模型的建立以及大量的实证检验,对我国银行业的效率现况进行了深度剖析,同时一并检验了产权结构以及管制政策对银行效率的作用,并最终有针对性地给出提升银行业效率的有效策略。
首先,文章系统的分析了效率以及银行效率等基本概念,接着介绍了银行效率的测度模型以及评估方法,随后进一步分析了国内外商业银行效率实证研究的现状以及普遍存在的问题。
其次,先以一般DEA方法对我国商业银行效率就进行了实证分析,发现相对于股份制商业银行而说,国有商业银行的整体效率普遍偏低,但国有商业银行的效率在样本期内的提升超过了股份制商业银行；再以网络DEA方法对我国商业银行效率就进行了实证分析,发现国有商业银行的技术效率不及股份制商业银行,但是纯技术效率并不比股份制商业银行差,且表现很稳定,同时国有银行的技术效率波动性较大,且易受到国家金融政策以及金融危机的影响,特别是股份制结构改革确实促进了我国商业银行效率的提高；然后基于傅立叶变换成本函数研究了在政府干预的金融政策中资源配置效率对我国商业银行效率的影响,并研究宽松的管制政策是否能有效提升银行效率。
最后,就宽松的管制政策下进行股权多元化改革,引入境外战略投资者,以及在进行业务扩张的同时加强协调内部资源,开展金融产品创新活动,制定灵活的经营机制,提高服务质量等方面,提出了促进我国银行业效率提升的政策建议。
Improvement of the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks, not only is the key issue for Chinese financial industry sustainable development, but also is the essential condition for these challenges of meeting foreign banks. Undertaking a study of evaluation and analysis for efficiency of Chinese commercial banks adds improves the efficiency of domestic and foreign banks theory and methods; and help Chinese banking regulators to determine the level of banking efficiency, provide a theoretical basis on targeted regulatory policies; help investors understand the Bank's investment decisions to correctly guiding the flow of funds; help banking and its branches determine this no inefficiency gap with other bank system to optimizing distribution for the resources; it contribute to the transformation of development mode of commercial banks and the sustainable development in Chinese bank industry.
In the paper, basis of learning from the outstanding achievements of their predecessors we analyze the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks, observe the impact of ownership structure and regulatory policies on the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks, and discover the issue related to banking reform through theoretical analysis, model building and empirical testing.
First, we examine the concepts of the efficiency, not only banking system efficiency, but also cost effectiveness and profit efficiency, and the sources of economies of scale, economies of scope and X-efficiency, introduce the measure models and evaluation methods for banks efficiency, and analyze the research status and existing problems of empirical research on domestic and foreign commercial banks efficiency.
Second, the ordinary DEA method is used to analyze empirically the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks. We find relative to the shareholding commercial banks the efficiencies of state-owned commercial banks are generally low, but the increments are higher than the shareholding commercial banks in the sample period. The network DEA method is used to analyze empirically the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks. We discover the technical efficiencies of state-owned commercial banks are lower than the shareholding commercial banks, but the pure technical efficiencies are not lower than the shareholding commercial banks, but the performances are very stable. While the technical efficiencies of the four major state-owned banks fluctuate significantly, and vulnerable to the country's financial policy and financial crisis, especially structural reforms promote commercial banks efficiency. Then the Fourier Flexible Cost Function is used to analyze the impact of resource allocation efficiency on bank efficiency under monetary policy intervened by the government and loose control policy can get better the efficiency of banks, which bank ownership is more favorable to enhance the efficiency of banks.
Finally, for equity diversification reform under the loose control of policy, business expansion, the introduction of foreign strategic investors, and strengthening the coordination of internal resources, carrying out financial product innovation, making flexible operational mechanism, improving service quality, etc., we give some policy recommendations to promote the efficiency of Chinese banking.
本文在吸收和借鉴诸多优秀成果的基础上,通过理论的分析、模型的建立以及大量的实证检验,对我国银行业的效率现况进行了深度剖析,同时一并检验了产权结构以及管制政策对银行效率的作用,并最终有针对性地给出提升银行业效率的有效策略。
首先,文章系统的分析了效率以及银行效率等基本概念,接着介绍了银行效率的测度模型以及评估方法,随后进一步分析了国内外商业银行效率实证研究的现状以及普遍存在的问题。
其次,先以一般DEA方法对我国商业银行效率就进行了实证分析,发现相对于股份制商业银行而说,国有商业银行的整体效率普遍偏低,但国有商业银行的效率在样本期内的提升超过了股份制商业银行；再以网络DEA方法对我国商业银行效率就进行了实证分析,发现国有商业银行的技术效率不及股份制商业银行,但是纯技术效率并不比股份制商业银行差,且表现很稳定,同时国有银行的技术效率波动性较大,且易受到国家金融政策以及金融危机的影响,特别是股份制结构改革确实促进了我国商业银行效率的提高；然后基于傅立叶变换成本函数研究了在政府干预的金融政策中资源配置效率对我国商业银行效率的影响,并研究宽松的管制政策是否能有效提升银行效率。
最后,就宽松的管制政策下进行股权多元化改革,引入境外战略投资者,以及在进行业务扩张的同时加强协调内部资源,开展金融产品创新活动,制定灵活的经营机制,提高服务质量等方面,提出了促进我国银行业效率提升的政策建议。
Improvement of the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks, not only is the key issue for Chinese financial industry sustainable development, but also is the essential condition for these challenges of meeting foreign banks. Undertaking a study of evaluation and analysis for efficiency of Chinese commercial banks adds improves the efficiency of domestic and foreign banks theory and methods; and help Chinese banking regulators to determine the level of banking efficiency, provide a theoretical basis on targeted regulatory policies; help investors understand the Bank's investment decisions to correctly guiding the flow of funds; help banking and its branches determine this no inefficiency gap with other bank system to optimizing distribution for the resources; it contribute to the transformation of development mode of commercial banks and the sustainable development in Chinese bank industry.
In the paper, basis of learning from the outstanding achievements of their predecessors we analyze the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks, observe the impact of ownership structure and regulatory policies on the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks, and discover the issue related to banking reform through theoretical analysis, model building and empirical testing.
First, we examine the concepts of the efficiency, not only banking system efficiency, but also cost effectiveness and profit efficiency, and the sources of economies of scale, economies of scope and X-efficiency, introduce the measure models and evaluation methods for banks efficiency, and analyze the research status and existing problems of empirical research on domestic and foreign commercial banks efficiency.
Second, the ordinary DEA method is used to analyze empirically the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks. We find relative to the shareholding commercial banks the efficiencies of state-owned commercial banks are generally low, but the increments are higher than the shareholding commercial banks in the sample period. The network DEA method is used to analyze empirically the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks. We discover the technical efficiencies of state-owned commercial banks are lower than the shareholding commercial banks, but the pure technical efficiencies are not lower than the shareholding commercial banks, but the performances are very stable. While the technical efficiencies of the four major state-owned banks fluctuate significantly, and vulnerable to the country's financial policy and financial crisis, especially structural reforms promote commercial banks efficiency. Then the Fourier Flexible Cost Function is used to analyze the impact of resource allocation efficiency on bank efficiency under monetary policy intervened by the government and loose control policy can get better the efficiency of banks, which bank ownership is more favorable to enhance the efficiency of banks.
Finally, for equity diversification reform under the loose control of policy, business expansion, the introduction of foreign strategic investors, and strengthening the coordination of internal resources, carrying out financial product innovation, making flexible operational mechanism, improving service quality, etc., we give some policy recommendations to promote the efficiency of Chinese banking.
引文
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