既有建筑节能改造管理研究
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摘要
我国既有建筑存量大,每年消耗大量能源,对不符合节能设计规范的既有建筑进行节能改造,成为实现建筑节能目标最重要和最有效的措施之一。本文运用工程管理原理和系统分析方法,对既有建筑节能改造前期管理进行了开创性研究,提出既有建筑节能改造设计方案评价和投资效益分析方法,节能改造服务合同定价机制以及银行担保和优惠贷款模式,并对某教学楼建筑节能改造管理问题进行了分析。
1、通过查阅文献、考察国内节能设计标准以及咨询专家等信息渠道,提出既有建筑围护结构和用能系统节能改造设计要求;在分析既有建筑节能改造方案评价的原则和指标体系的基础上,提出基于价值工程的既有建筑节能改造设计方案评价方法。
2、指出建筑节能改造项目所费,包括围护结构再造费用、用能设备更新费用和其他费用;节能改造投资收益,即建筑物在进行节能改造活动中取得的有用成果,包括节能改造成果和项目交付使用成果;对项目预期经济效益有决定影响的因素进行了分析,主要是项目成本、项目收益、投资支出、改造周期、工艺技术等,并介绍了盈亏平衡分析和敏感性分析在既有建筑节能改造投资风险分析中的应用。
3、运用现代契约理论对既有建筑节能改造服务合同进行分析,指出现有合同定价没有充分考虑定价过程的信息不对称问题,没有通过合理的定价机制来避免逆向选择与道德风险;提出具体的风险分摊比可通过简单采购模型的动态风险分摊模型进行分析,风险分摊比的确定要依据不同采购项目的风险特征和承包商的风险厌恶特征来决定。
4、通过调查问卷的形式了解我国节能服务公司的融资现状以及利用银行贷款融资时遇到的困难和障碍,结合银行的授信原则,应用Yehning Chen模型,分析了抵押和担保对节能服务公司银行融资的影响;指出政府有必要通过无偿或低价的方式对中小节能服务企业提供信用担保,提出了节能服务公司银行融资对策,以及信用担保和优惠贷款两种模式。
The stock of existing building in our country is large which consummate large amount of energy. So the reconstruction of the building that does not meet the energy-saving design standard becomes one of the most important and the most effective measures in the process of meeting the energy efficiency goals. This paper studies on the pre-management of existing building energy-saving reconstruction based on the project management principles and systematic methods. We propose the evaluation method of existing buildings energy-saving design and the analysis method of investment benefit. The paper designs the contract pricing mechanism of energy saving service and the mode of bank guarantees and loans. In the end, the paper studies on the management of a teaching building’s energy-saving reconstruction
Firstly, through literature review, inspecting the domestic energy-saving design standards and consulting experts, we propose the design requirements of existing building envelope and energy systems.
Secondly, according to the energy-saving reconstruction of existing building, this paper analyses its major costs, and then gives the estimation methods and processes for investment in energy-saving reconstruction. The factors of building energy consumption and energy forecasting price have been analyzed to determine the earnings of building energy-saving reconstruction in the future. Finally, this paper describes the financial evaluation and investment risk analysis methods of energy-saving reconstruction benefits.
Thirdly, through selecting principal-agent theory to analyze the building energy efficiency services, this paper points out that the current contract pricing process does not fully consider the asymmetric information, there is no rational pricing mechanism adopted to avoid the adverse selection and moral hazard. We find that the specific risk assessment can be analyzed by the dynamic risk-sharing model. The risk assessment is determined by the risk characteristics of different project and the contractors’risk aversion.
Fourthly, through the way of questionnaire, this paper finds the main financing channel of energy service companies and analyses the main problems of the energy services companies’bank financing. Based on the analysis of the affect of mortgage and the guarantee for enterprises’financing by Yehning Chen model, this paper makes recommendations to the bank financing of the energy service companies and designs the financing mechanism of the building energy services company. The Government must provide credit guarantees by way of free or low-cost. This paper makes recommendations to the bank financing of the energy service companies and designs the financing mechanism of the building energy services company.
1、通过查阅文献、考察国内节能设计标准以及咨询专家等信息渠道,提出既有建筑围护结构和用能系统节能改造设计要求;在分析既有建筑节能改造方案评价的原则和指标体系的基础上,提出基于价值工程的既有建筑节能改造设计方案评价方法。
2、指出建筑节能改造项目所费,包括围护结构再造费用、用能设备更新费用和其他费用;节能改造投资收益,即建筑物在进行节能改造活动中取得的有用成果,包括节能改造成果和项目交付使用成果;对项目预期经济效益有决定影响的因素进行了分析,主要是项目成本、项目收益、投资支出、改造周期、工艺技术等,并介绍了盈亏平衡分析和敏感性分析在既有建筑节能改造投资风险分析中的应用。
3、运用现代契约理论对既有建筑节能改造服务合同进行分析,指出现有合同定价没有充分考虑定价过程的信息不对称问题,没有通过合理的定价机制来避免逆向选择与道德风险;提出具体的风险分摊比可通过简单采购模型的动态风险分摊模型进行分析,风险分摊比的确定要依据不同采购项目的风险特征和承包商的风险厌恶特征来决定。
4、通过调查问卷的形式了解我国节能服务公司的融资现状以及利用银行贷款融资时遇到的困难和障碍,结合银行的授信原则,应用Yehning Chen模型,分析了抵押和担保对节能服务公司银行融资的影响;指出政府有必要通过无偿或低价的方式对中小节能服务企业提供信用担保,提出了节能服务公司银行融资对策,以及信用担保和优惠贷款两种模式。
The stock of existing building in our country is large which consummate large amount of energy. So the reconstruction of the building that does not meet the energy-saving design standard becomes one of the most important and the most effective measures in the process of meeting the energy efficiency goals. This paper studies on the pre-management of existing building energy-saving reconstruction based on the project management principles and systematic methods. We propose the evaluation method of existing buildings energy-saving design and the analysis method of investment benefit. The paper designs the contract pricing mechanism of energy saving service and the mode of bank guarantees and loans. In the end, the paper studies on the management of a teaching building’s energy-saving reconstruction
Firstly, through literature review, inspecting the domestic energy-saving design standards and consulting experts, we propose the design requirements of existing building envelope and energy systems.
Secondly, according to the energy-saving reconstruction of existing building, this paper analyses its major costs, and then gives the estimation methods and processes for investment in energy-saving reconstruction. The factors of building energy consumption and energy forecasting price have been analyzed to determine the earnings of building energy-saving reconstruction in the future. Finally, this paper describes the financial evaluation and investment risk analysis methods of energy-saving reconstruction benefits.
Thirdly, through selecting principal-agent theory to analyze the building energy efficiency services, this paper points out that the current contract pricing process does not fully consider the asymmetric information, there is no rational pricing mechanism adopted to avoid the adverse selection and moral hazard. We find that the specific risk assessment can be analyzed by the dynamic risk-sharing model. The risk assessment is determined by the risk characteristics of different project and the contractors’risk aversion.
Fourthly, through the way of questionnaire, this paper finds the main financing channel of energy service companies and analyses the main problems of the energy services companies’bank financing. Based on the analysis of the affect of mortgage and the guarantee for enterprises’financing by Yehning Chen model, this paper makes recommendations to the bank financing of the energy service companies and designs the financing mechanism of the building energy services company. The Government must provide credit guarantees by way of free or low-cost. This paper makes recommendations to the bank financing of the energy service companies and designs the financing mechanism of the building energy services company.
引文
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