五沟煤矿开采煤层上覆岩土体综合地质特征及防水煤岩柱留设问题研究
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摘要
五沟煤矿主采煤层上方覆盖270m左右的厚松散层,特别是其底部平均厚20.7m的第四系砂、砾石含水层,直接覆盖在开采煤系露头之上,对煤系地层直接进行渗透补给,给浅部煤层的安全开采构成了明显的威胁。本论文通过实测和系统的数据资料收集,对五沟矿井田内“三隔”、“四含”、基岩风化带等的岩性、厚度、水理特性、渗透性等进行分析,得出“三隔”层(组)粘土类可塑性好,膨胀性强,厚度大,分布稳定,隔水性良好,是区域及煤矿内重要的隔水层(组);“四含”直接覆盖在煤系地层之上,是矿坑充水主要补给水源,但其“岩性”泥质含量高,渗透性差,补给条件较差,一般富水性弱;基岩风化带岩层属于软弱～中硬岩层且距煤层顶板越远,泥岩和砂岩的强度呈递减的趋势发展,属下硬上软型覆岩顶板,便于顶板控制,五沟煤矿首采工作面上覆的基岩风化带岩层具有储水和隔水的双重作用;五沟煤矿主采煤层10_2煤层成煤环境为滨海平原泥炭沼泽相,在10_2煤层成煤作用中止后,三角洲体系的沉积广泛推进,进而为分流河道砂体,煤层顶板以泥岩、粉砂岩为主,砂体形态与10_2煤层变薄带基本吻合,初步分析是由古河道对10_2煤冲刷引起的,矿区已开采煤层以上的煤系基岩主要有砂岩和泥岩两大类岩石组成。利用“两带”孔观测的导水裂隙带高度,结合室内数值模拟,分析了10_2煤层采空区覆岩变形破坏的分布特征及规律,给出了研究区工作面的最大冒落带高度为17m,最大导水裂隙带高度为45m;最后提出合理安全的煤岩柱留设方案,确保水体下的安全合理开采,保证矿井与人身安全。
About 270 meter thick unconsolidated formation was covered the main picked coalmine, especially Quaternary sand、gravel aquifer whose bottom are average thick of 20.7 meter are covered on the basset of exploit coal, which directly proceed alimentation and permeated to coal-measure unit ,what made clearly hazard of safety exploit of superficial part coal seam. Through actual measurement and systematically acquisition of data information, analyzing the lithological character, thickness, the hydrological characteristic, permeability of "3rd aquifuges "" 4th aquifers ", the bedrock weathering zone and so on in Wugou mine field , it was obtained in the paper that the level(group) clay soil of "3rd aquifuges" ,which in the region and the coal mine is important confining (group) , plasticity was well, expansion was strong , thickness was big, the distribution was stability, water separating character was good; " 4th aquifers " was directly covered above the coal formation stratum, which is the main supplies water source of mine, but because its "lithological character" are high argillaceous , permeability is badly ,the supplies condition is worse, general aqueous is weak; The bedrock weathering zone rock layer belongs to the weak ~ medium -hard rock layer which also is the father from the coal bed roof, the weaker of the mudstone and the sandstone intensity presents, rock roof on the subordinate is upside hard and lower part soft that is advantageous for the roof control, Wugou coal mine the bedrock weathering zone rock layer above the principal work face has the dual function with reservoir water and separating water;The coal generated environment of 10_2 coal seam in mine principal pick of Wugou coal is the Strand plain moss- land precipitation facies, becomes the coal function after 10_2 coal beds to stop, delta system deposition widespread advancement, then to distributary channel sand body, The coal bed roof by the mudstone, the siltstone primarily, the granulated substance shape changes with the thin belt of 10_2 coal beds basically, the preliminary analysis which is washes out by old channel to 102 coals, the coal formation bedrock above coal mine has mined the mining area mainly was composed of two big kind of the sandstone and the mudstone .
About 270 meter thick unconsolidated formation was covered the main picked coalmine, especially Quaternary sand、gravel aquifer whose bottom are average thick of 20.7 meter are covered on the basset of exploit coal, which directly proceed alimentation and permeated to coal-measure unit ,what made clearly hazard of safety exploit of superficial part coal seam. Through actual measurement and systematically acquisition of data information, analyzing the lithological character, thickness, the hydrological characteristic, permeability of "3rd aquifuges "" 4th aquifers ", the bedrock weathering zone and so on in Wugou mine field , it was obtained in the paper that the level(group) clay soil of "3rd aquifuges" ,which in the region and the coal mine is important confining (group) , plasticity was well, expansion was strong , thickness was big, the distribution was stability, water separating character was good; " 4th aquifers " was directly covered above the coal formation stratum, which is the main supplies water source of mine, but because its "lithological character" are high argillaceous , permeability is badly ,the supplies condition is worse, general aqueous is weak; The bedrock weathering zone rock layer belongs to the weak ~ medium -hard rock layer which also is the father from the coal bed roof, the weaker of the mudstone and the sandstone intensity presents, rock roof on the subordinate is upside hard and lower part soft that is advantageous for the roof control, Wugou coal mine the bedrock weathering zone rock layer above the principal work face has the dual function with reservoir water and separating water;The coal generated environment of 10_2 coal seam in mine principal pick of Wugou coal is the Strand plain moss- land precipitation facies, becomes the coal function after 10_2 coal beds to stop, delta system deposition widespread advancement, then to distributary channel sand body, The coal bed roof by the mudstone, the siltstone primarily, the granulated substance shape changes with the thin belt of 10_2 coal beds basically, the preliminary analysis which is washes out by old channel to 102 coals, the coal formation bedrock above coal mine has mined the mining area mainly was composed of two big kind of the sandstone and the mudstone .
引文
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