板集井田新生界底部松散层富水性分布规律及其对煤层开采影响研究
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摘要
板集井田为全隐伏井田,上覆有厚达500多米的巨厚新生界松散层,其底部含水层富水性直接影响着该矿井今后的防水煤柱留设类型及厚度。本文利用钻孔取芯的土工试验了解底部松散沉积物的粒度成分、渗透性能及压缩性,通过多元统计推求出渗透系数与其它参数指标间的统计关系,并用其关系函数对渗透系数进行了预测。结合钻孔资料与实验结果推求出底部松散层钻孔尺度下导水系数与平均渗透系数等水文地质参数,试用地质统计学对各水文地质参数进行空间变异结构与各向异性分析,并据此对各参数进行了空间最优估计,得出了各参数平面分布规律。综合各水文地质参数分布特征对底部松散层进行富水性分区及评价,并利用抽水试验资料进行对比验证,最后综合分析煤层露头分布、井田构造和富水性分布的基础上,评价了新生界底部松散层对煤层开采影响,并对浅部煤层开采防水煤柱留设进行了提议。
The Banji coalfield is a concealed coalfield absolutely covered with large-thick cenozonic unconsolidated layers which is thicker than 500 meters ,so the water abundance degree of its lowermost aquifers directly effect on the type and thickness of the waterproof coal pillars for producing safely in the future. One of the main purposes of this paper is obtaining the statistical relationship between penetrability coefficient and the indexes of granulometric composition and compressibility, gained by geotechnical experiment on core of the loose sediments lowermost part of the cenozonic strata , through multivariate statistical approach, and used it to predict very core sample's penetrability coefficient. Combined those experimental result and drill information to ascertain the lowermost aquifers' hydrogeological parameters of core-scale,such as water conduction coefficient, average penetrability coefficient, etc. The other purpose is application of spatial optimal estimation to model the panel distribution of per hydrogeological parameters based on their anisotropic distributions and spatial variance structures identified by geostatistical theory. Divided the lowermost unconsolidated aquifers into different water abundance subarea for water abundance appraise, according to all hydrogeological parameters' distribution synthetically, and be validated by the result of pump testes. At last, appraised the influence on excavating permain coal seam in each subarea integrated with distributions of coal seam outcrop and coalfield tectonics, given advice on setting aside waterproof coal pillars according to relevant regulations for superficial coal seam exploitation.
The Banji coalfield is a concealed coalfield absolutely covered with large-thick cenozonic unconsolidated layers which is thicker than 500 meters ,so the water abundance degree of its lowermost aquifers directly effect on the type and thickness of the waterproof coal pillars for producing safely in the future. One of the main purposes of this paper is obtaining the statistical relationship between penetrability coefficient and the indexes of granulometric composition and compressibility, gained by geotechnical experiment on core of the loose sediments lowermost part of the cenozonic strata , through multivariate statistical approach, and used it to predict very core sample's penetrability coefficient. Combined those experimental result and drill information to ascertain the lowermost aquifers' hydrogeological parameters of core-scale,such as water conduction coefficient, average penetrability coefficient, etc. The other purpose is application of spatial optimal estimation to model the panel distribution of per hydrogeological parameters based on their anisotropic distributions and spatial variance structures identified by geostatistical theory. Divided the lowermost unconsolidated aquifers into different water abundance subarea for water abundance appraise, according to all hydrogeological parameters' distribution synthetically, and be validated by the result of pump testes. At last, appraised the influence on excavating permain coal seam in each subarea integrated with distributions of coal seam outcrop and coalfield tectonics, given advice on setting aside waterproof coal pillars according to relevant regulations for superficial coal seam exploitation.
引文
1 安徽煤田地质局勘查研究院.安徽省毫州市板集井田煤矿勘探报告[R].蚌埠:安徽煤田地质局,2003
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3 宋常胜,赵忠明,李洪波.巨厚松散层下条带开采地表沉陷机理及岩层移动模型的探讨[J].焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2003,22(3):161-164
4 Burbes. Stress-strain analyses for aquifer-system characterization[J]. Ground Water, 2001, 39:128-136
5 刘汉湖,林学彬,蔡致中,等.巨厚松散层底部含水层性质特征及其与开采的关系[J].江苏煤炭,1995,4:19-21
6 刘汉湖.淮南煤田新区巨厚松散层沉积特征及含隔水层的划分[J].江苏煤炭,1997,1:14-17
7 严家平,王祯伟.淮北煤田南部新生界地层底部松散沉积物沉积特征及古地理意义.岩相古地理,1997,17(2):47-52
8 李垚.潘谢矿区新生界底部沉积物水文地质特征及结构分区[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(5):32-33
9 孙希奎,徐新启,马光军.基岩与第四系底界粘土共同作为防水煤柱提高开采上限的研究与实践[J].山东煤炭科技,2003,1:48-49
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11 葛晓光.南黄淮新生界底部含水层沉积特征和工程性质[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2002
12 Noetinger B. The effective permeability of a heterogeneous porous medium[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 1994, 15:99-127
13 Roger Beckie. Measurement scale, networlk sampling scale, and groundwater model parameters[J]. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 1996, 32(1):65-76
14 张勇,Fogg G E.多尺度非均质多孔介质模拟及参数灵敏度分析[J].中国科学,E辑,2003,13(9):783-795
15 张道勇.渗透系数尺度效应的研究[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2000,6(2):21-26
16 叶含春,陈国新,涂昭荣.松散介质渗透系数研究进展[J].塔里木农垦大学学报2001,13(3):31-34
17 Dungan. J. l., Perry, J. N., Dale, M. R. T., et al. A balanced view of scale in spatial statistical analysis[J]. Ecography, 2002, 25(5):626-640
18 Nadim F. Fuleihan, Member, ASCE, et al. Comparison Of Four Methods To Assess Hydraulic Conductivity[J]. Journal Of Geotechnical And Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1999, 7:621-623
19 Carrera C. An overview of uncertainties in modeling groundwater solute transport [J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 1993, 13:23-48
20 I. Tchiguirinskaia. Scale Invariance And Stratification: The Unified Multifractal Model Of Hydraulic Conductivity[J]. Fractals, 2002, 10(3) 329-334
21 J. K. Kodikara, F. Rahman. Effects of specimen consolidation on the laboratory hydraulic conductivity measurement[J]. Can. Geotech, 2002, 39:908-923
22 杜强,康永尚,万力等.渗透性参数非均质的研究进展[J].地学前缘,1996,3(1-2):182-190.
23 H. H. Liu, G. S. Bodvarsson. Upscaling of constitutive relations in unsaturated heterogeneous tuff matrix[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2003, 276:198-209
24 Wen X H, G6mez-Hernaindez J J. Upscaling hydraulic conductivities in heterogeneous media: an overview[J]. Journal of Hy-drology, 1996, 183:ⅸ-ⅹⅹⅹⅱ
25 M. F. P. Bierkens, P. A. Finked, P. de Willigen. Upscaling and downscaling methods for environmental research Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000
26 Jonathan D. Phillips. Spatial Structures and Scale in Categorical Maps[J]. Geographical & Environmental Modelling, 2002, 6(1): 41-57
27 张团峰,王家华.试论克里金估计与随机模拟的本质区别[J].西安石油学院学报 199712(2):52-55
28 邹立芝,潘俊,杨昌兵,等.含水层水力参数的尺度效应研究现状[J].长春地质学院学报 1994,24(1):66-69
29 余金生,蒋金荷,张效民.空间数据的“多元滤波”和分类方法及其应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1994,16(4):311-326
30 王仁铎,杨明国.地质现象分形统计学研究的若干问题[J].现代地质,1998,12(1):91-96
31 D. G. krige. Essential basic concepts in mining geostatistics and their links with geology and classical statistics[J]. S. Afr J. Geol, 1999, 102(2):147-151
32 肖朝明.渗流水位空间变异性分析的分形估值方法[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004
33 余先川,侯景儒,程晓春.时空信息统计学的一些基本理论和方法[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3):353-359
34 候景儒.中国地质统计学(空间信息统计学)发展的回顾与前景[J].地质与勘探,1997,33(1):53-58
35 肖斌,赵鹏大,侯景儒.现代地质统计学的新进展[J].世界地质,1999,18(3):81-87
36 Arzu Giray Yurdagul, Cem Sarac, Ismail Hakki Demirel. Geostatistical Simulation Study of Porosityand Hydrocarbon Saturation Values in the Vicinity of Adiyaman, Turkey[J]. Petroleum Science & Technology, 2003, 21(11, 12):1867-1878
37 张征程,祖锋,王恩祥,等.岩土参数随机场空间最优估计精度分析与特异值研究[J].岩土工程学报 1999,21(5):586-590
38 邱扬,傅伯杰异.质景观中水土流失的空间变异与尺度变异[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):330-337
39 余先川,候景儒,姚力,等.时空域非参数和多元统计的地质统计学研究[J].自然科学进展2003,13(11):1217-1220
40 张征,鞠硕华,刘淑春.地下水环境模拟中多元信息空间最优估计原理与方法[J].工程勘察,2000(3):12-15
41 R. M. Lark. Two robust estimators of the cross-variogram for multivariate geostatistical analysis of soil properties[J]. European Jouranal of soil science, 2003, 54:187-201
42 边少锋Joachim Menz.克立格估计的分析解释与协方差函数的代数确定[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,20002,5(2):195-200
43 张征,鞠硕华,韩守江,等.水环境评价参数空间变异模拟数学原理与方法[J].工程勘查,2002,5:17-43
44 刘全明水.盐空间变异性与稳健变异函数的初步研究[D].内蒙古:内蒙古农业大学,2002
45 Ismaii Hakkl Demirel, Cem Sarac, Ozgul Sen. Geostatistical Reserve Estimation:A Case Study in the Canakci Coal Seam of Ermenek Basin, Turkey[J]. Energy Sources, 2000, 22: 925-933
46 李金荣,李云峰,郭勇军,等.放含水层底板标高的空间最优估计[J].地下水,2001,23(1):33-35
47 李金荣,郭建青,杨振放.地下水位的空间最优估计[J].西北水资源与水工程,2001,12(1):17-20
48 陈家军,王红旗,张征,等.地质统计学方法在地下水水位估值中应用[J].水文地质工程地质,1998,7:7-10
49 秦来勇.地质统计学在地质及矿业中的应用与发展[J].有色冶炼,2002,12(6):104-106
50 G. de Marsily, F. Dekay, V. Teles, et al. Some current methods to represent the heterogeneity of natural in hydrogeology[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 1998(6):115-130
51 孙颖渗.透系数实验研究[J].北京地质,2000,3:6-12
52 常中华,张二勇,柴建峰.应用主成分分析法研究渗透介质的渗透稳定问题[J],水文地质工程地质 20045:15-20
53 南京水利科学研究院土工研究所.土工试验技术手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
54 吕永高,李相然.土工试验中注意的问题与实验成果的综合分析[J].岩土工程界,1991,4(8):53-54
55 叶正强,李爱群,杨国华,等.粘性土的渗透规律性研究[J].东南大学学报,1999,29(5):121-125
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2 许延春,耿德庸,文学宽.黄淮地区巨厚松散层岩性结构特征以及采矿对其水动态的影响[J].工程地质学报,1998,6(3):211-216
3 宋常胜,赵忠明,李洪波.巨厚松散层下条带开采地表沉陷机理及岩层移动模型的探讨[J].焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2003,22(3):161-164
4 Burbes. Stress-strain analyses for aquifer-system characterization[J]. Ground Water, 2001, 39:128-136
5 刘汉湖,林学彬,蔡致中,等.巨厚松散层底部含水层性质特征及其与开采的关系[J].江苏煤炭,1995,4:19-21
6 刘汉湖.淮南煤田新区巨厚松散层沉积特征及含隔水层的划分[J].江苏煤炭,1997,1:14-17
7 严家平,王祯伟.淮北煤田南部新生界地层底部松散沉积物沉积特征及古地理意义.岩相古地理,1997,17(2):47-52
8 李垚.潘谢矿区新生界底部沉积物水文地质特征及结构分区[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(5):32-33
9 孙希奎,徐新启,马光军.基岩与第四系底界粘土共同作为防水煤柱提高开采上限的研究与实践[J].山东煤炭科技,2003,1:48-49
10 张文艺.潘谢矿区水文地质特征与缩小防水煤柱机理[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,3:32-34
11 葛晓光.南黄淮新生界底部含水层沉积特征和工程性质[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2002
12 Noetinger B. The effective permeability of a heterogeneous porous medium[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 1994, 15:99-127
13 Roger Beckie. Measurement scale, networlk sampling scale, and groundwater model parameters[J]. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 1996, 32(1):65-76
14 张勇,Fogg G E.多尺度非均质多孔介质模拟及参数灵敏度分析[J].中国科学,E辑,2003,13(9):783-795
15 张道勇.渗透系数尺度效应的研究[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2000,6(2):21-26
16 叶含春,陈国新,涂昭荣.松散介质渗透系数研究进展[J].塔里木农垦大学学报2001,13(3):31-34
17 Dungan. J. l., Perry, J. N., Dale, M. R. T., et al. A balanced view of scale in spatial statistical analysis[J]. Ecography, 2002, 25(5):626-640
18 Nadim F. Fuleihan, Member, ASCE, et al. Comparison Of Four Methods To Assess Hydraulic Conductivity[J]. Journal Of Geotechnical And Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1999, 7:621-623
19 Carrera C. An overview of uncertainties in modeling groundwater solute transport [J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 1993, 13:23-48
20 I. Tchiguirinskaia. Scale Invariance And Stratification: The Unified Multifractal Model Of Hydraulic Conductivity[J]. Fractals, 2002, 10(3) 329-334
21 J. K. Kodikara, F. Rahman. Effects of specimen consolidation on the laboratory hydraulic conductivity measurement[J]. Can. Geotech, 2002, 39:908-923
22 杜强,康永尚,万力等.渗透性参数非均质的研究进展[J].地学前缘,1996,3(1-2):182-190.
23 H. H. Liu, G. S. Bodvarsson. Upscaling of constitutive relations in unsaturated heterogeneous tuff matrix[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2003, 276:198-209
24 Wen X H, G6mez-Hernaindez J J. Upscaling hydraulic conductivities in heterogeneous media: an overview[J]. Journal of Hy-drology, 1996, 183:ⅸ-ⅹⅹⅹⅱ
25 M. F. P. Bierkens, P. A. Finked, P. de Willigen. Upscaling and downscaling methods for environmental research Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000
26 Jonathan D. Phillips. Spatial Structures and Scale in Categorical Maps[J]. Geographical & Environmental Modelling, 2002, 6(1): 41-57
27 张团峰,王家华.试论克里金估计与随机模拟的本质区别[J].西安石油学院学报 199712(2):52-55
28 邹立芝,潘俊,杨昌兵,等.含水层水力参数的尺度效应研究现状[J].长春地质学院学报 1994,24(1):66-69
29 余金生,蒋金荷,张效民.空间数据的“多元滤波”和分类方法及其应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1994,16(4):311-326
30 王仁铎,杨明国.地质现象分形统计学研究的若干问题[J].现代地质,1998,12(1):91-96
31 D. G. krige. Essential basic concepts in mining geostatistics and their links with geology and classical statistics[J]. S. Afr J. Geol, 1999, 102(2):147-151
32 肖朝明.渗流水位空间变异性分析的分形估值方法[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004
33 余先川,侯景儒,程晓春.时空信息统计学的一些基本理论和方法[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3):353-359
34 候景儒.中国地质统计学(空间信息统计学)发展的回顾与前景[J].地质与勘探,1997,33(1):53-58
35 肖斌,赵鹏大,侯景儒.现代地质统计学的新进展[J].世界地质,1999,18(3):81-87
36 Arzu Giray Yurdagul, Cem Sarac, Ismail Hakki Demirel. Geostatistical Simulation Study of Porosityand Hydrocarbon Saturation Values in the Vicinity of Adiyaman, Turkey[J]. Petroleum Science & Technology, 2003, 21(11, 12):1867-1878
37 张征程,祖锋,王恩祥,等.岩土参数随机场空间最优估计精度分析与特异值研究[J].岩土工程学报 1999,21(5):586-590
38 邱扬,傅伯杰异.质景观中水土流失的空间变异与尺度变异[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):330-337
39 余先川,候景儒,姚力,等.时空域非参数和多元统计的地质统计学研究[J].自然科学进展2003,13(11):1217-1220
40 张征,鞠硕华,刘淑春.地下水环境模拟中多元信息空间最优估计原理与方法[J].工程勘察,2000(3):12-15
41 R. M. Lark. Two robust estimators of the cross-variogram for multivariate geostatistical analysis of soil properties[J]. European Jouranal of soil science, 2003, 54:187-201
42 边少锋Joachim Menz.克立格估计的分析解释与协方差函数的代数确定[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,20002,5(2):195-200
43 张征,鞠硕华,韩守江,等.水环境评价参数空间变异模拟数学原理与方法[J].工程勘查,2002,5:17-43
44 刘全明水.盐空间变异性与稳健变异函数的初步研究[D].内蒙古:内蒙古农业大学,2002
45 Ismaii Hakkl Demirel, Cem Sarac, Ozgul Sen. Geostatistical Reserve Estimation:A Case Study in the Canakci Coal Seam of Ermenek Basin, Turkey[J]. Energy Sources, 2000, 22: 925-933
46 李金荣,李云峰,郭勇军,等.放含水层底板标高的空间最优估计[J].地下水,2001,23(1):33-35
47 李金荣,郭建青,杨振放.地下水位的空间最优估计[J].西北水资源与水工程,2001,12(1):17-20
48 陈家军,王红旗,张征,等.地质统计学方法在地下水水位估值中应用[J].水文地质工程地质,1998,7:7-10
49 秦来勇.地质统计学在地质及矿业中的应用与发展[J].有色冶炼,2002,12(6):104-106
50 G. de Marsily, F. Dekay, V. Teles, et al. Some current methods to represent the heterogeneity of natural in hydrogeology[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 1998(6):115-130
51 孙颖渗.透系数实验研究[J].北京地质,2000,3:6-12
52 常中华,张二勇,柴建峰.应用主成分分析法研究渗透介质的渗透稳定问题[J],水文地质工程地质 20045:15-20
53 南京水利科学研究院土工研究所.土工试验技术手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
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