靖边北部风沙滩地区地下水开发及其环境效应分析
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摘要
靖边地处陕、甘、宁、蒙四省交界地带,是国家能源重化工榆林基地的重要组成部分。近年来区内经济的快速发展,对水资源需求急剧增加,已经造成部分地段的地下水位持续下降,湖泊消亡,大泉露头后退,沟道绿洲趋于缩小,局部沙地活化等生态环境负效应。因此,研究水源地开采的相互影响以及地下水开发的环境效应,对水源地地下水合理开发和生态环境保护以及地区国民经济发展具有重要的现实意义。
通过对西北内陆干旱地区、鄂尔多斯盆地主要植物发育与地下水位埋深关系的分析研究,确定了研究区内的地下水位埋深与生态植被生长的关系;通过水文地质分析方法和地下水流系统研究,建立了研究区的水文地质概念模型和数学模型,利用Processing Modflow Pro地下水流数值模拟软件进行数值分析,依据大型抽水试验资料对地下水流模拟模型进行了识别与校验。依据建立的地下水三维流数值模型,对水源地各种开采方案的开采动态进行了预测分析,研究了水源地开采的相互影响以及对周围环境的影响,确定水源地的合理开发程度和允许开采量。依据野外回渗试验以及回渗水源等的分析,采用数值模拟方法,对四柏树海子以及北部风沙滩地区的引水回补技术及其效应进行了研究。
本文首次建立了研究区地下水三维流数值模拟模型,用以研究水源地开采的相互影响以及水源地开采对生态环境的影响,提出受控于生态环境的地下水可持续开发模式,研究成果对风沙滩地区地下水资源开发和生态环境保护有实用价值,为干旱半干旱区地区社会经济与水资源和生态环境的协调发展积累经验和提供参考模式。
Jingbian is the important component part of China's Heavy Industry Energy Base in Yulin city which located in the junctional area of Shaanxi、Gansu、Ningxia and Inner Mongolian province, with the rapid economic development in recent years, the demand for water resources sharply increased, which has caused many negative ecological environment effects like the groundwater level drops, disappearance of lakes, large spring outcrop fallback, and the area of oasis gradually deflating, activated local sandy land. Therefore, the study on environmental effects caused by the interaction in exploitation of water resources as well as groundwater development have great realistic significance to the rational exploitation of groundwater sources and protection of the ecological environment, as well as regional and national economic development.
Through the arid inland Northwest region and the Ordos Basin, the main the relationship between buried depth of groundwater and the ecological vegetation has been established through analysed the vegetation development and the groundwater level depth in this area; Using hydrogeology analysis methods and analysis of groundwater flow system, established regional hydrogeological conceptual and mathematical models, an numerical analysis of these models are made with the aid of Processing Modflow Pro groundwater flow simulation software, based on large-scale pumping test data ,the identification and validation of this model are worked out.
Based on the 3-D numerical model of seepage system of groundwater, the dynamic response of every water resources exploration plan have been predicted and analysed, and studied the mutual influence as well as to the environment influence in this Water-source field, and at last, the reasonable development degree and permission yield were obtained. Based on the field tests, as well as land irrigation test, uses the numerical simulation method, the technology of water diversion and its effection in Siboshu Haizi area and the northern Fengshatan area were studied.
This is the first study to establish the 3-D numerical model of seepage system of groundwater to study the mutual exploitation of Water-sourece field and impacts on the ecological environment, an sustainable exploitation mode on utilization of groundwater was proposed, research results have practical value for the groundwater resources development and the ecological environmental protection in Fengshatan area, and provide reference model and experiences for socio-economic, ecological and environmental development in the arid and semi-arid areas.
通过对西北内陆干旱地区、鄂尔多斯盆地主要植物发育与地下水位埋深关系的分析研究,确定了研究区内的地下水位埋深与生态植被生长的关系;通过水文地质分析方法和地下水流系统研究,建立了研究区的水文地质概念模型和数学模型,利用Processing Modflow Pro地下水流数值模拟软件进行数值分析,依据大型抽水试验资料对地下水流模拟模型进行了识别与校验。依据建立的地下水三维流数值模型,对水源地各种开采方案的开采动态进行了预测分析,研究了水源地开采的相互影响以及对周围环境的影响,确定水源地的合理开发程度和允许开采量。依据野外回渗试验以及回渗水源等的分析,采用数值模拟方法,对四柏树海子以及北部风沙滩地区的引水回补技术及其效应进行了研究。
本文首次建立了研究区地下水三维流数值模拟模型,用以研究水源地开采的相互影响以及水源地开采对生态环境的影响,提出受控于生态环境的地下水可持续开发模式,研究成果对风沙滩地区地下水资源开发和生态环境保护有实用价值,为干旱半干旱区地区社会经济与水资源和生态环境的协调发展积累经验和提供参考模式。
Jingbian is the important component part of China's Heavy Industry Energy Base in Yulin city which located in the junctional area of Shaanxi、Gansu、Ningxia and Inner Mongolian province, with the rapid economic development in recent years, the demand for water resources sharply increased, which has caused many negative ecological environment effects like the groundwater level drops, disappearance of lakes, large spring outcrop fallback, and the area of oasis gradually deflating, activated local sandy land. Therefore, the study on environmental effects caused by the interaction in exploitation of water resources as well as groundwater development have great realistic significance to the rational exploitation of groundwater sources and protection of the ecological environment, as well as regional and national economic development.
Through the arid inland Northwest region and the Ordos Basin, the main the relationship between buried depth of groundwater and the ecological vegetation has been established through analysed the vegetation development and the groundwater level depth in this area; Using hydrogeology analysis methods and analysis of groundwater flow system, established regional hydrogeological conceptual and mathematical models, an numerical analysis of these models are made with the aid of Processing Modflow Pro groundwater flow simulation software, based on large-scale pumping test data ,the identification and validation of this model are worked out.
Based on the 3-D numerical model of seepage system of groundwater, the dynamic response of every water resources exploration plan have been predicted and analysed, and studied the mutual influence as well as to the environment influence in this Water-source field, and at last, the reasonable development degree and permission yield were obtained. Based on the field tests, as well as land irrigation test, uses the numerical simulation method, the technology of water diversion and its effection in Siboshu Haizi area and the northern Fengshatan area were studied.
This is the first study to establish the 3-D numerical model of seepage system of groundwater to study the mutual exploitation of Water-sourece field and impacts on the ecological environment, an sustainable exploitation mode on utilization of groundwater was proposed, research results have practical value for the groundwater resources development and the ecological environmental protection in Fengshatan area, and provide reference model and experiences for socio-economic, ecological and environmental development in the arid and semi-arid areas.
引文
[1]黎明,新疆渭干河流域地下水开采-生态环境保护研究[D].2005,5
[2]国家统计局,中国统计年鉴-2003[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2003
[3]T.R.Shearer.A numerical model to calculate land subsidence,applied at Hangu in China[J].Egineering Geology,1998,49(2):85=93
[4]R.L.Hu,S.J.Wang,C.F.Lee,et al.Characteristics and trends of land subsidence in Tanggu,Tianjin,China[J].Bulletin Engineering Geology Environment,2002,61:213-225
[5]郭占荣,曲焕林,崔小东,等.天津市地面沉降数值模拟研究[J].地球学报,1998,19(4):415-422
[6]吴铁钧,崔小东,牛修俊,等.天津市地面沉降研究及综合治理[J].水文地质工程地质,1998,5:17-20
[7]沈建萍.唐山市水资源开发利用现状及对策[J].河北水利,2005,(11):13-14
[8]李世雄,李守定,郜洪强.河北平原地裂缝分布特征及成因机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(02):178-183
[9]武强,金玉洁.大连大魏家岩溶地下水系统海水入侵机理与对策[J].中国地质灾害防治学报,1994,5(1):64-68
[10]Yuqun Xue,Chunhong Xie,Jichun Wu,et al.A three-dimensional miscible transport modelfor seawater intrusion in China[J].Water Resources Research,1995,31(4):903-912
[11]薛禹群,谢春红,吴吉春,等,龙口-莱州湾地区海水入侵含水层三维数值模拟[J].水利学报,1993,(11):20-32
[12]安洪声,王成.秦皇岛市海水入侵现状及机理浅析[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2003,(1):16-19
[13]成建梅,陈崇希,吉孟瑞,等.山东烟台夹河中、下游地区海水入侵三维水质数值模拟研究[J].地学前缘,2003,8(1):179-184
[14]姜丽娟,赵连才,代任君.辽宁省地下水环境质量评价与水质污染防治[J].地质与资源,2001,10(3):176-179
[15]李洪海.试论山东地下水污染的类型及防治途径[J].地下水,2002,24(2):87-88
[16]贾艳杰,张华兵,王媛.天津可持续发展的水资源约束与对策[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(1):76-78
[17]Bridget R Scanlon,Healy R W,Cook P G.Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge[J].Hydrogeology Journal.2002,10(1):18-39
[18]Glenn A Harrington,Glen R Walker,Andrew J Love,et al.A compartmental mixing cell approach for the quantitative assessment of groundwater dynamics in the Otway Basin, South Australia[J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,214:49-63
[19]Frans R P,Kalf D R,Woolley.Applicability and methodology of determining sustainable yield in groundwater systems[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2005,13(2):295-312.
[20]Brown L J,Dravid P N,Hudson N A,Taylor C B.Sustainable groundwater resources,Heretaunga Plains,Hawke's Bay New Zealand[J].Hydrogeology Journal,1999,(7):440-453
[21]Hugo A LWaiciga,Roy B Leipnik.Theory of Sustainable Groundwater Management:a urban case study[J].Urban Water,2001,(3):217-228
[22]Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd.Environmental water requirements to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems[M].Environment Australia,Canberra ACT 2601,2001
[23]孙晓明,环渤海地区地下水资源可持续利用研究[D].2007,4
[24]Sophocleous M.From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources:the Kansas experience[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,235:27-43
[25]陈梦熊.中国水文地质工程地质事业的发展与成就[M].北京:地震出版社,2003
[26]王金生,王长申,滕彦国.地下水可持续开采量评价方法综述[J].水利学报,37(5):525-533
[27]祝晓彬.地下水流模拟系统((GMS)软件[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5):53-55
[28]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察2000(2):12-15
[29]丁继红,周德亮,马生忠.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].勘察科学技术,2002(1):37-42
[30]吴剑锋,朱学愚,阎婷婷.运用ModIME模拟潜水含水层应注意的问题[J].工程勘察,2002,(2):17-19
[31]周念清,朱蓉,朱学愚.MODFLOW在宿迁市地下水资源评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(6):9-13
[32]武强,董东林.水资源评价的可视化专业软件(Visual Modflow)与应用潜力[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(5):21-23
[33]Portniaguine O,Solomon D K.Parameter estimation using groundwater age and head data,Cope Cod,Massachusetts[J].Water Resour Res.,1998,34:637-645
[34]JosULuis Arum V.Modeling the effects of agricultural management practices on groundwater quality and quantity[D].University of Nebraska,2000
[44]范锡朋.西北内陆平原水资源开发引起的区域水文效应及其对环境的影响[J].地理学报.1991,46(4):26
[45]曲耀光,马世敏.甘肃河西走廊地区的水与绿洲[J].干旱区资源与环境.1995,9(3):94-99
[46]邢振纲,张继红.天津市地下水利用中的环境问题及其对策[J].城市环境与城市生态.1999,12(6):1-4
[47]姚斐,周金龙.新疆平原地下水资源开发利用与生态环境保护[J].地下水.1997,19(4):171-173
[48]温忠辉,李玉科.济宁市的地下水开采及其环境地质负效应[J].世界地质.1998,17(2):47-50
[49]杨泽元,地下水引起的表生生态效应及其评价研究-以秃尾河流域为例[D].2004,7
[50]Ma J Z,Qian J,GaoQZ.The groundwater evolution and its influenceon the fragile ecology in the south edge of Traim Basin[J].Journal of Desert Reseach,2000,20(2):145-149
[51]张丽,董增川,黄晓玲.干旱区典型植物生长与地下水位关系的模型研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(1):110-113
[52]郭占荣,刘花台,西北内陆盆地天然植被的地下水生态埋深[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,19(3):157-161
[53]杨泽元,王文科.陕北风沙滩地区生态安全地下水位埋深研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)2006,34(8):67-74
[54]李朝生,鄂尔多斯高原北部沙区植被-环境关系[D].2005,7
[55]张建山,仵彦卿,李哲.陕北沙漠滩区降水入渗与凝结水补给机理试验研究[J].水土保持,2005,19(50):126-128
[56]陕西地矿部,靖边县西部地区供水水文地质详查[R].2000,6
[57]陕西省地质矿产勘查开发局九○八水文地质工程地质大队,陕西省靖边县四柏树水源地供水水文地质勘探[R].2001,6
[2]国家统计局,中国统计年鉴-2003[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2003
[3]T.R.Shearer.A numerical model to calculate land subsidence,applied at Hangu in China[J].Egineering Geology,1998,49(2):85=93
[4]R.L.Hu,S.J.Wang,C.F.Lee,et al.Characteristics and trends of land subsidence in Tanggu,Tianjin,China[J].Bulletin Engineering Geology Environment,2002,61:213-225
[5]郭占荣,曲焕林,崔小东,等.天津市地面沉降数值模拟研究[J].地球学报,1998,19(4):415-422
[6]吴铁钧,崔小东,牛修俊,等.天津市地面沉降研究及综合治理[J].水文地质工程地质,1998,5:17-20
[7]沈建萍.唐山市水资源开发利用现状及对策[J].河北水利,2005,(11):13-14
[8]李世雄,李守定,郜洪强.河北平原地裂缝分布特征及成因机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(02):178-183
[9]武强,金玉洁.大连大魏家岩溶地下水系统海水入侵机理与对策[J].中国地质灾害防治学报,1994,5(1):64-68
[10]Yuqun Xue,Chunhong Xie,Jichun Wu,et al.A three-dimensional miscible transport modelfor seawater intrusion in China[J].Water Resources Research,1995,31(4):903-912
[11]薛禹群,谢春红,吴吉春,等,龙口-莱州湾地区海水入侵含水层三维数值模拟[J].水利学报,1993,(11):20-32
[12]安洪声,王成.秦皇岛市海水入侵现状及机理浅析[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2003,(1):16-19
[13]成建梅,陈崇希,吉孟瑞,等.山东烟台夹河中、下游地区海水入侵三维水质数值模拟研究[J].地学前缘,2003,8(1):179-184
[14]姜丽娟,赵连才,代任君.辽宁省地下水环境质量评价与水质污染防治[J].地质与资源,2001,10(3):176-179
[15]李洪海.试论山东地下水污染的类型及防治途径[J].地下水,2002,24(2):87-88
[16]贾艳杰,张华兵,王媛.天津可持续发展的水资源约束与对策[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(1):76-78
[17]Bridget R Scanlon,Healy R W,Cook P G.Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge[J].Hydrogeology Journal.2002,10(1):18-39
[18]Glenn A Harrington,Glen R Walker,Andrew J Love,et al.A compartmental mixing cell approach for the quantitative assessment of groundwater dynamics in the Otway Basin, South Australia[J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,214:49-63
[19]Frans R P,Kalf D R,Woolley.Applicability and methodology of determining sustainable yield in groundwater systems[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2005,13(2):295-312.
[20]Brown L J,Dravid P N,Hudson N A,Taylor C B.Sustainable groundwater resources,Heretaunga Plains,Hawke's Bay New Zealand[J].Hydrogeology Journal,1999,(7):440-453
[21]Hugo A LWaiciga,Roy B Leipnik.Theory of Sustainable Groundwater Management:a urban case study[J].Urban Water,2001,(3):217-228
[22]Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd.Environmental water requirements to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems[M].Environment Australia,Canberra ACT 2601,2001
[23]孙晓明,环渤海地区地下水资源可持续利用研究[D].2007,4
[24]Sophocleous M.From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources:the Kansas experience[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,235:27-43
[25]陈梦熊.中国水文地质工程地质事业的发展与成就[M].北京:地震出版社,2003
[26]王金生,王长申,滕彦国.地下水可持续开采量评价方法综述[J].水利学报,37(5):525-533
[27]祝晓彬.地下水流模拟系统((GMS)软件[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5):53-55
[28]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察2000(2):12-15
[29]丁继红,周德亮,马生忠.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].勘察科学技术,2002(1):37-42
[30]吴剑锋,朱学愚,阎婷婷.运用ModIME模拟潜水含水层应注意的问题[J].工程勘察,2002,(2):17-19
[31]周念清,朱蓉,朱学愚.MODFLOW在宿迁市地下水资源评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(6):9-13
[32]武强,董东林.水资源评价的可视化专业软件(Visual Modflow)与应用潜力[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(5):21-23
[33]Portniaguine O,Solomon D K.Parameter estimation using groundwater age and head data,Cope Cod,Massachusetts[J].Water Resour Res.,1998,34:637-645
[34]JosULuis Arum V.Modeling the effects of agricultural management practices on groundwater quality and quantity[D].University of Nebraska,2000
[44]范锡朋.西北内陆平原水资源开发引起的区域水文效应及其对环境的影响[J].地理学报.1991,46(4):26
[45]曲耀光,马世敏.甘肃河西走廊地区的水与绿洲[J].干旱区资源与环境.1995,9(3):94-99
[46]邢振纲,张继红.天津市地下水利用中的环境问题及其对策[J].城市环境与城市生态.1999,12(6):1-4
[47]姚斐,周金龙.新疆平原地下水资源开发利用与生态环境保护[J].地下水.1997,19(4):171-173
[48]温忠辉,李玉科.济宁市的地下水开采及其环境地质负效应[J].世界地质.1998,17(2):47-50
[49]杨泽元,地下水引起的表生生态效应及其评价研究-以秃尾河流域为例[D].2004,7
[50]Ma J Z,Qian J,GaoQZ.The groundwater evolution and its influenceon the fragile ecology in the south edge of Traim Basin[J].Journal of Desert Reseach,2000,20(2):145-149
[51]张丽,董增川,黄晓玲.干旱区典型植物生长与地下水位关系的模型研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(1):110-113
[52]郭占荣,刘花台,西北内陆盆地天然植被的地下水生态埋深[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,19(3):157-161
[53]杨泽元,王文科.陕北风沙滩地区生态安全地下水位埋深研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)2006,34(8):67-74
[54]李朝生,鄂尔多斯高原北部沙区植被-环境关系[D].2005,7
[55]张建山,仵彦卿,李哲.陕北沙漠滩区降水入渗与凝结水补给机理试验研究[J].水土保持,2005,19(50):126-128
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