海洋能多能互补智能供电系统总体开发方案研究及应用
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摘要
近几年来，海洋能的开发与利用是国内外的研究热点之一。各国学者局限于对海洋能发电装置的研发，普遍遇到发电不平稳、难以实现并网、缺乏海上测试平台以及无统一的装置工作性能评估方法等瓶颈问题。本文针对以上瓶颈问题，结合我国海洋能能流密度偏低的现状，提出海洋能多能互补智能供电系统。海洋能多能互补智能供电系统综合利用交叉变化的海洋能，将海洋能发电装置产生的多路不平稳电力输入转化为单路平稳电力输出，独立为海岛供电或并入电网。海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的提出可以解决海洋能发电遇到的瓶颈问题，推动我国海洋能的产业化进程。
本文主要研究海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的关键技术，探讨普遍适用的理论、方法，并将这些理论、方法应用于500kW海洋能独立电力系统示范工程的建设实践中。其中，关键技术包括四个方面：建立适用于海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的资源评估方法；建立适用于海洋能多能互补智能供电系统选址方案比选的方法；确定海洋能发电装置的选型参数和布置参数；海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的总体设计。在明确关键技术的同时，编写海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的开发流程。本文的主要内容即围绕关键技术与开发流程两条主线展开。
本文根据开发流程划分资源评估阶段，同时明确评估内容。然后，给出不同评估内容不同阶段的资源调查方法、精度要求以及调查结果描述方法。给出资源条件的分析方法，包括预测方法与精度要求，数据分析参数及相应的计算方法。给出资源条件的估算方法以及资源评价方法。
本文对传统的层次分析法进行改进，给出改进层次分析法的计算方法。通过某码头平面布置方案比选实例，将改进的层次分析法与传统的层次分析法进行对比，验证简化算法的正确性。同时，编写通用程序，以便改进的层次分析法在工程领域的推广使用。建立评价指标体系，并针对评价指标定性、定量混杂，量纲不一致以及导向不一致的特点，给出不同评价指标的规范化方法。最后，将改进的层次分析法应用于海洋能多能互补智能供电系统选址方案比选中，构建四层次递阶模型。
本文明确装置选型参数，识别出目前国内外已经成形的潮流能发电装置和波浪能发电装置的相关参数，为装置选型提供信息基础。同时，明确装置的布置参数，为站址以及布置方案的确定提供指导。
海洋能多能互补智能供电系统由海洋能发电装置、电缆以及中央控制室组成。本文对海洋能发电装置的通信及连接方式、淹没装置的离岸标识、海底电缆、陆上电缆、中央控制室电力系统、中央控制室、计量设备、辅助设备以及其他设备等进行总体设计，给出设计方法、设计内容以及优选方案。
500kW海洋能独立电力系统示范工程是在青岛市斋堂岛建设的海洋能多能互补智能供电系统示范项目。本文通过资料搜集调查斋堂岛的地理位置、功能区划、海岛面积、人口及人口分布、电力来源等社会经济条件和环境约束。通过现场实测、资料搜集调查斋堂岛的水深地形、潮汐、地质、陆域条件、气象条件以及波浪等自然条件要素。同时基于小麦岛观测站1983-2005年风、波浪年极值序列推算各方向多年一遇大风极值、波高极值以及周期极值，并使用SWAN模型模拟了斋堂岛海域的波浪场。风、波浪多年一遇极值是潮流能发电装置结构设计的基础。将潮流资源评估划分为开发海岛评估阶段以及站址评估阶段。分别通过同步观测、走航观测和定点观测调查潮流能资源，并采用不同的调和常数进行调和分析。然后，分别使用COHEREN-SED模型、Delft3D模型对潮流场进行数值模拟，并通过观测资料对计算结果进行验证。通过验证，计算值与实测值符合良好。最后，通过对计算结果的分析确定站址及潮流能发电装置布置方案。此外，确定承担的100kW潮流能发电装置类型，并通过数值模拟、物理模型试验完成装置的初步设计，确定设计参数。
In recent years, the development and utilization of marine energy is one of the hotissues at home and abroad. Scholars from various countries focus on the research anddevelopment of marine energy devices and lots of new types of devices have emerged.However, there are many bottlenecks problems to be solved, such as unstable powergeneration, hard to be incorporated into the grid, lack of test platforms at sea, as well as lackof uniform device performance evaluation methods. Considering the unsettled problemsabove and the status of low marine energy flow density in China, the hybrid marine energyintelligent power supply system is proposed. The hybrid marine energy intelligent powersupply system can comprehensively utilize the cross-changing marine energy and convertthe multiple unstable power input into single stable power output, which can supply powerfor island inhabits or incorporate the electricity power into the grid. The hybrid marineenergy intelligent power supply system can solve the bottleneck problems in marine energypower generation, and promote the industrialization process of marine energy in ourcountry.
The paper mainly studies on the key technologies of hybrid marine energy intelligentpower supply system, and explores universally applicable methods and theories, which areused in the construction practice of500kW marine stand-alone power system demonstrationproject. The key technologies include the following four aspects: the establishment ofresources assessment methods applicable for the hybrid marine energy intelligent powersupply system; the establishment of the method for site alternatives comparison; theestablishment of type selection parameters and layout parameters of marine energygeneration devices; the overall design of the hybrid marine energy intelligent power supplysystem. Meanwhile, the development process for the hybrid marine energy intelligent powersupply system is also determined. The main contents of this paper commence around thekey technologies and the development process.
The resource assessment stage has been determined according to the development process, as well as the resource assessment contents. Then the resources surveymethodology, the accuracy requirements as well as description methods of survey results atdifferent stages are given. Some other elements have also been determined, such as resourceconditions analysis methods, including forecasting methods and accuracy requirements,data analysis parameters and calculation methods, resource conditions estimation methodsand resource assessment methods.
The calculation method of improved Analytic Hierarchy Process has been proposedunder the basis of traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process and it has been verified to becorrect and simple through an example of the comparison of a wharf’s plane layoutalternatives. The universal calculation program is given in order to promote the use ofimproved Analytic Hierarchy Process in engineering fields. The evaluation index system isestablished and the different standardization methods are proposed considering theconfusion of qualitative and quantitative indicators, dimensional inconsistencies, as well asevaluation orientation inconsistencies. At last, the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process isapplied to the site selection of hybrid marine energy intelligent power supply system, and afour-level hierarchical model is built.
The type selection parameters of marine energy device are determined by the way ofidentifying various tidal current energy generation devices and wave power generationdevices at home and abroad, which can provide basic information for the device selection.Meanwhile, the layout parameters of marine energy device are identified too, which cansupply guidance for the station site selection and the layout plan determination.
The hybrid marine energy intelligent power supply system is composed of powergeneration unit, cable, as well as the central control room. The overall design has beengiven for the following items, such as communication and connection method, offshore logoof submerged installation, submarine cable and land cable, the central control room powersystem, metering equipment, auxiliary equipment and other equipment, etc. Meanwhile, thedesign method, design content and optimization program have also been presented.
The500kW marine stand-alone power system is a demonstration project of hybridmarine energy intelligent power supply system constructed at Zhaitang island of Qingdaocity. The socio-economic conditions and environmental constraints for Zhaitang island have been investigated by data collection, such as location, function zoning, island area,population and population distribution, power source, etc. The elements of the naturalconditions of Zhaitang island are investigated by field measurement and data collection,such as water depth, topography, tides, geology, land conditions, weather conditions andwave. According to the annual wind and wave extreme value sequences of Xiaomai islandduring the year1983to2005, the wind speed extreme value, wave height extreme value andwave period extreme value of multiple year return period are calculated and the wave fieldnear Zhaitang island is simulated using the SWAN model. The wind and wave extremevalues of multiple year return period are the basis for the structural design of the tidalcurrent energy generation devices. The tidal current resource assessment is divided into twostages which are the island assessment and the station site assessment. The survey of thetidal current resources is conducted by simultaneous observation, moving vesselobservation and fixed-point observation, and the harmonic analysis is done using differentharmonic constants. Then the COHEREN-SED model and the Delft3D model are used tosimulate the tidal current field and the calculation results show good consistency withobservational data. At last, the station site for tidal current energy generation devices andthe layout plan are determined according to the calculation results. In addition, the type ofthe100kW tidal current energy generation device is determined, and the preliminary designfor the device is completed through numerical simulation and physical model tests,obtaining the final design parameters.
本文主要研究海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的关键技术，探讨普遍适用的理论、方法，并将这些理论、方法应用于500kW海洋能独立电力系统示范工程的建设实践中。其中，关键技术包括四个方面：建立适用于海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的资源评估方法；建立适用于海洋能多能互补智能供电系统选址方案比选的方法；确定海洋能发电装置的选型参数和布置参数；海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的总体设计。在明确关键技术的同时，编写海洋能多能互补智能供电系统的开发流程。本文的主要内容即围绕关键技术与开发流程两条主线展开。
本文根据开发流程划分资源评估阶段，同时明确评估内容。然后，给出不同评估内容不同阶段的资源调查方法、精度要求以及调查结果描述方法。给出资源条件的分析方法，包括预测方法与精度要求，数据分析参数及相应的计算方法。给出资源条件的估算方法以及资源评价方法。
本文对传统的层次分析法进行改进，给出改进层次分析法的计算方法。通过某码头平面布置方案比选实例，将改进的层次分析法与传统的层次分析法进行对比，验证简化算法的正确性。同时，编写通用程序，以便改进的层次分析法在工程领域的推广使用。建立评价指标体系，并针对评价指标定性、定量混杂，量纲不一致以及导向不一致的特点，给出不同评价指标的规范化方法。最后，将改进的层次分析法应用于海洋能多能互补智能供电系统选址方案比选中，构建四层次递阶模型。
本文明确装置选型参数，识别出目前国内外已经成形的潮流能发电装置和波浪能发电装置的相关参数，为装置选型提供信息基础。同时，明确装置的布置参数，为站址以及布置方案的确定提供指导。
海洋能多能互补智能供电系统由海洋能发电装置、电缆以及中央控制室组成。本文对海洋能发电装置的通信及连接方式、淹没装置的离岸标识、海底电缆、陆上电缆、中央控制室电力系统、中央控制室、计量设备、辅助设备以及其他设备等进行总体设计，给出设计方法、设计内容以及优选方案。
500kW海洋能独立电力系统示范工程是在青岛市斋堂岛建设的海洋能多能互补智能供电系统示范项目。本文通过资料搜集调查斋堂岛的地理位置、功能区划、海岛面积、人口及人口分布、电力来源等社会经济条件和环境约束。通过现场实测、资料搜集调查斋堂岛的水深地形、潮汐、地质、陆域条件、气象条件以及波浪等自然条件要素。同时基于小麦岛观测站1983-2005年风、波浪年极值序列推算各方向多年一遇大风极值、波高极值以及周期极值，并使用SWAN模型模拟了斋堂岛海域的波浪场。风、波浪多年一遇极值是潮流能发电装置结构设计的基础。将潮流资源评估划分为开发海岛评估阶段以及站址评估阶段。分别通过同步观测、走航观测和定点观测调查潮流能资源，并采用不同的调和常数进行调和分析。然后，分别使用COHEREN-SED模型、Delft3D模型对潮流场进行数值模拟，并通过观测资料对计算结果进行验证。通过验证，计算值与实测值符合良好。最后，通过对计算结果的分析确定站址及潮流能发电装置布置方案。此外，确定承担的100kW潮流能发电装置类型，并通过数值模拟、物理模型试验完成装置的初步设计，确定设计参数。
In recent years, the development and utilization of marine energy is one of the hotissues at home and abroad. Scholars from various countries focus on the research anddevelopment of marine energy devices and lots of new types of devices have emerged.However, there are many bottlenecks problems to be solved, such as unstable powergeneration, hard to be incorporated into the grid, lack of test platforms at sea, as well as lackof uniform device performance evaluation methods. Considering the unsettled problemsabove and the status of low marine energy flow density in China, the hybrid marine energyintelligent power supply system is proposed. The hybrid marine energy intelligent powersupply system can comprehensively utilize the cross-changing marine energy and convertthe multiple unstable power input into single stable power output, which can supply powerfor island inhabits or incorporate the electricity power into the grid. The hybrid marineenergy intelligent power supply system can solve the bottleneck problems in marine energypower generation, and promote the industrialization process of marine energy in ourcountry.
The paper mainly studies on the key technologies of hybrid marine energy intelligentpower supply system, and explores universally applicable methods and theories, which areused in the construction practice of500kW marine stand-alone power system demonstrationproject. The key technologies include the following four aspects: the establishment ofresources assessment methods applicable for the hybrid marine energy intelligent powersupply system; the establishment of the method for site alternatives comparison; theestablishment of type selection parameters and layout parameters of marine energygeneration devices; the overall design of the hybrid marine energy intelligent power supplysystem. Meanwhile, the development process for the hybrid marine energy intelligent powersupply system is also determined. The main contents of this paper commence around thekey technologies and the development process.
The resource assessment stage has been determined according to the development process, as well as the resource assessment contents. Then the resources surveymethodology, the accuracy requirements as well as description methods of survey results atdifferent stages are given. Some other elements have also been determined, such as resourceconditions analysis methods, including forecasting methods and accuracy requirements,data analysis parameters and calculation methods, resource conditions estimation methodsand resource assessment methods.
The calculation method of improved Analytic Hierarchy Process has been proposedunder the basis of traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process and it has been verified to becorrect and simple through an example of the comparison of a wharf’s plane layoutalternatives. The universal calculation program is given in order to promote the use ofimproved Analytic Hierarchy Process in engineering fields. The evaluation index system isestablished and the different standardization methods are proposed considering theconfusion of qualitative and quantitative indicators, dimensional inconsistencies, as well asevaluation orientation inconsistencies. At last, the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process isapplied to the site selection of hybrid marine energy intelligent power supply system, and afour-level hierarchical model is built.
The type selection parameters of marine energy device are determined by the way ofidentifying various tidal current energy generation devices and wave power generationdevices at home and abroad, which can provide basic information for the device selection.Meanwhile, the layout parameters of marine energy device are identified too, which cansupply guidance for the station site selection and the layout plan determination.
The hybrid marine energy intelligent power supply system is composed of powergeneration unit, cable, as well as the central control room. The overall design has beengiven for the following items, such as communication and connection method, offshore logoof submerged installation, submarine cable and land cable, the central control room powersystem, metering equipment, auxiliary equipment and other equipment, etc. Meanwhile, thedesign method, design content and optimization program have also been presented.
The500kW marine stand-alone power system is a demonstration project of hybridmarine energy intelligent power supply system constructed at Zhaitang island of Qingdaocity. The socio-economic conditions and environmental constraints for Zhaitang island have been investigated by data collection, such as location, function zoning, island area,population and population distribution, power source, etc. The elements of the naturalconditions of Zhaitang island are investigated by field measurement and data collection,such as water depth, topography, tides, geology, land conditions, weather conditions andwave. According to the annual wind and wave extreme value sequences of Xiaomai islandduring the year1983to2005, the wind speed extreme value, wave height extreme value andwave period extreme value of multiple year return period are calculated and the wave fieldnear Zhaitang island is simulated using the SWAN model. The wind and wave extremevalues of multiple year return period are the basis for the structural design of the tidalcurrent energy generation devices. The tidal current resource assessment is divided into twostages which are the island assessment and the station site assessment. The survey of thetidal current resources is conducted by simultaneous observation, moving vesselobservation and fixed-point observation, and the harmonic analysis is done using differentharmonic constants. Then the COHEREN-SED model and the Delft3D model are used tosimulate the tidal current field and the calculation results show good consistency withobservational data. At last, the station site for tidal current energy generation devices andthe layout plan are determined according to the calculation results. In addition, the type ofthe100kW tidal current energy generation device is determined, and the preliminary designfor the device is completed through numerical simulation and physical model tests,obtaining the final design parameters.
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