方向图可重构微带振子天线的研究
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摘要
随着无线通信的迅速发展,作为无线核心技术之一的天线得到了越来越多的重视。方向图可重构天线作为近些年来一种新型的天线形式得到了国内外的关注。方向图可重构天线可以根据工作的环境实时的改变方向图的指向,从而可以避免信号干扰,提高工作安全性以及节省系统功率。
本文提出一种基于相控阵天线理论设计方向图可重构天线的方法。通过对功分器与混合环结构进行变形,使之可以集成在方向图可重构天线上。通过可控开关的选用,可以在单天线上实现对不同辐射单元相位的控制。辐射单元与控制单元制作在同一副天线上的这种设计方法避免了相控阵天线中额外的控制电路,使天线结构简单,便于与设备集成。
本文通过理论设计与实际测试,设计了三副方向图主波束偏转较大(偏转角度大于±100°)的微带振子可重构天线。第一副天线的设计理论是基于二元阵天线方向图相乘原理的一个特例。天线的测试结果验证了本文所提出设计方法的可行性。在后面的两副天线设计中增加了辐射单元的数量。在增加天线方向图指向选择的同时也增大了天线方向图所能覆盖的空间。第三副天线在第二副天线结构的基础上改变了天线辐射元的结构,从而改变了天线方向图主波束的形状,使天线在波束形状的选择上也具有了多样性。
With the development of radio communication, antenna as a key technique became more and more important. The novel pattern reconfigurable antenna appeared in recent years. By better directing signals toward intended users according to the environments, the pattern reconfigurable antenna can enable the system to avoid interference, improve security and save energy.
This paper introduces the novel method to design the pattern reconfigurable antenna based on the theory of phased antenna array. The switches embedded in the antenna, together with the deformation structures of power divider and hybrid ring, are used to control the current phase of different radiation elements. The radiation elements and the control elements are integrated on the same substrate. This structure can avoid using the extra control circuits of the phased antenna array. So the antenna structure is simple and easy to be integrated into equipments.
In this paper, three pattern reconfigurable microstrip dipole antennas are designed. The patterns of these antennas can be shifted more than±100°. The design theory of the first antenna is derived from an example of two-element array pattern multiplication theorem. The measured results of the first antenna verify the feasibility of the introduced design method. In the following designs, the number of the radiation elements is increased, so the pattern can not only point to more directions but also cover a wider space. By changing the structure of the radiation elements, the more diversity of pattern can be obtained too.
本文提出一种基于相控阵天线理论设计方向图可重构天线的方法。通过对功分器与混合环结构进行变形,使之可以集成在方向图可重构天线上。通过可控开关的选用,可以在单天线上实现对不同辐射单元相位的控制。辐射单元与控制单元制作在同一副天线上的这种设计方法避免了相控阵天线中额外的控制电路,使天线结构简单,便于与设备集成。
本文通过理论设计与实际测试,设计了三副方向图主波束偏转较大(偏转角度大于±100°)的微带振子可重构天线。第一副天线的设计理论是基于二元阵天线方向图相乘原理的一个特例。天线的测试结果验证了本文所提出设计方法的可行性。在后面的两副天线设计中增加了辐射单元的数量。在增加天线方向图指向选择的同时也增大了天线方向图所能覆盖的空间。第三副天线在第二副天线结构的基础上改变了天线辐射元的结构,从而改变了天线方向图主波束的形状,使天线在波束形状的选择上也具有了多样性。
With the development of radio communication, antenna as a key technique became more and more important. The novel pattern reconfigurable antenna appeared in recent years. By better directing signals toward intended users according to the environments, the pattern reconfigurable antenna can enable the system to avoid interference, improve security and save energy.
This paper introduces the novel method to design the pattern reconfigurable antenna based on the theory of phased antenna array. The switches embedded in the antenna, together with the deformation structures of power divider and hybrid ring, are used to control the current phase of different radiation elements. The radiation elements and the control elements are integrated on the same substrate. This structure can avoid using the extra control circuits of the phased antenna array. So the antenna structure is simple and easy to be integrated into equipments.
In this paper, three pattern reconfigurable microstrip dipole antennas are designed. The patterns of these antennas can be shifted more than±100°. The design theory of the first antenna is derived from an example of two-element array pattern multiplication theorem. The measured results of the first antenna verify the feasibility of the introduced design method. In the following designs, the number of the radiation elements is increased, so the pattern can not only point to more directions but also cover a wider space. By changing the structure of the radiation elements, the more diversity of pattern can be obtained too.
引文
[1] D.Schaubert, F.Farrar, S.Hayes, et al. Frequency-agile, polarization diverse microstrip antennas and frequency scanned arrays, US Patent #4,367,474,1983, Jan(4)
[2] J.K.Smith, Reconfigurable program(RECAP), DARPA (美国国防高级研究计划署),1999
[3] Izadpanah, H., Warneke, B., Loo, R. et al, Reconfigurable low power, light weight wireless system based on the RF MEM switches, IEEE MTT-S Symposium on Technologies for Wireless Applications, 1999.175~180
[4]刘培国,毛钧杰,电波与天线,长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2004.65~66
[5]斯塔兹曼,蒂尔,天线设计与理论(朱守正译),北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.4~5
[6] John D. Kraus,Ronald J.Marhefka天线第三版(章文勋译),北京:电子工业出版社,2006.10~23
[7]谢宗浩,刘雪樵,天线,北京:北京邮电学院出版社,1992.5~7
[8]钟顺时,微带天线理论与应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1991.1~2
[9] I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚,微带天线(梁联倬,寇廷耀译),北京:电子工业出版社,1984.4~5
[10] C. L. Mak, K. M. Luk, Experimental Study of a Microstrip Patch Antenna with an L-Shaped Probe, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000, 48(5): 777~783
[11] Mak.C.L, Lee. K.F, Luk.K.M, Broadband patch antenna with a T-shaped probe Microwaves, IEE Proceedings Antennas and Propagation, 2000, 147(2): 73~76
[12] I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚,微带天线(梁联倬,寇廷耀),北京:电子工业出版社,1984.2~3
[13] Luo Xiaowu, Zhang Min,Ca Linji et al, 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications Proceedings , 2006.394~396
[14] Ya-Chi Liu, Kai Chang, Multiband Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna by Changing the Microstrip Connecting Element Position, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009. APSURSI '09, 2009.1~4
[15] Amit Mehta, Dariush Mirshekar-Syahkal, Hisamatsu Nakano, PatternReconfigurable Spiral Antenna and Its Current Distribution, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2007, 49(10): 2567~2570
[16] Zhang, S., Huff, G.H., Feng, J et al, A Pattern Reconfigurable Microstrip Parasitic Array, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, 52(10): 2773~2776
[17] Sarrazin, J., Mahe, Y., Avrillon, S. et al, Pattern Reconfigurable Cubic Antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2009, 57(2): 310~317
[18] Boyon Kim, Bo Pan, Nikolaou, S et al, A Novel Single-Feed Circular Microstrip Antenna With Reconfigurable Polarization Capability, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2008, 56(3): 630~638
[19] Jingjing Huang, Kin-Fai Tong, Baker.C. , A new polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna for diversity array, Radar Conference, 2008, RADAR '08. IEEE, 2008 .1~4
[20] Wenhua Chen, Jiawen Sun, Zhenghe Feng, A Novel Compact Reconfigurable Polarization and Pattern Antenna, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2007, 49(11): 2802~2805
[21] Huff, G.H., Feng, J., Zhang, S. et al, A novel radiation pattern and frequency reconfigurable single turn square spiral microstrip antenna, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2003, 13(2): 57~59
[22]张钧,刘克诚,张贤铎等,微带天线理论与工程,北京:国防工业出版社,1988.312~321
[23]杨莘元,马惠珠,张朝柱,现代天线技术,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2007.243~244
[24]丁荣林,李媛,微波技术与天线,北京:机械工业出版社,2007.197~200
[25]顾继慧,微波技术,北京:科学出版社,2004.298~319
[26]李宗谦,佘京兆,高葆新,微波工程与基础,北京:清华大学出版社,2004.223~225
[27]闫润卿,李英惠,微波技术基础(第三版),北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.297~298
[28]曹祥玉,高军,曾越胜等,微波技术与天线,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008.185~186
[29] Liu, J.-C., Cheng, C.-S., Chen, H.-C. et al, Active integration ring antenna/phase shifter for direct conversions, IEE Proceedings Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 2004 ,151(4) : 357~361
[30] Ho, M.H., Chen, G.L., Reconfigured slot-ring antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band WLAN operations Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, IET 2007,1(3) : 712~717
[31] Chen, W.H., Chen, F.L., Li, N. et al, Multi-feed reconfigurable pattern antenna implemented by switches, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2005 , vol. 2A: 400~403
[2] J.K.Smith, Reconfigurable program(RECAP), DARPA (美国国防高级研究计划署),1999
[3] Izadpanah, H., Warneke, B., Loo, R. et al, Reconfigurable low power, light weight wireless system based on the RF MEM switches, IEEE MTT-S Symposium on Technologies for Wireless Applications, 1999.175~180
[4]刘培国,毛钧杰,电波与天线,长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2004.65~66
[5]斯塔兹曼,蒂尔,天线设计与理论(朱守正译),北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.4~5
[6] John D. Kraus,Ronald J.Marhefka天线第三版(章文勋译),北京:电子工业出版社,2006.10~23
[7]谢宗浩,刘雪樵,天线,北京:北京邮电学院出版社,1992.5~7
[8]钟顺时,微带天线理论与应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1991.1~2
[9] I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚,微带天线(梁联倬,寇廷耀译),北京:电子工业出版社,1984.4~5
[10] C. L. Mak, K. M. Luk, Experimental Study of a Microstrip Patch Antenna with an L-Shaped Probe, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000, 48(5): 777~783
[11] Mak.C.L, Lee. K.F, Luk.K.M, Broadband patch antenna with a T-shaped probe Microwaves, IEE Proceedings Antennas and Propagation, 2000, 147(2): 73~76
[12] I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚,微带天线(梁联倬,寇廷耀),北京:电子工业出版社,1984.2~3
[13] Luo Xiaowu, Zhang Min,Ca Linji et al, 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications Proceedings , 2006.394~396
[14] Ya-Chi Liu, Kai Chang, Multiband Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna by Changing the Microstrip Connecting Element Position, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009. APSURSI '09, 2009.1~4
[15] Amit Mehta, Dariush Mirshekar-Syahkal, Hisamatsu Nakano, PatternReconfigurable Spiral Antenna and Its Current Distribution, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2007, 49(10): 2567~2570
[16] Zhang, S., Huff, G.H., Feng, J et al, A Pattern Reconfigurable Microstrip Parasitic Array, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, 52(10): 2773~2776
[17] Sarrazin, J., Mahe, Y., Avrillon, S. et al, Pattern Reconfigurable Cubic Antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2009, 57(2): 310~317
[18] Boyon Kim, Bo Pan, Nikolaou, S et al, A Novel Single-Feed Circular Microstrip Antenna With Reconfigurable Polarization Capability, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2008, 56(3): 630~638
[19] Jingjing Huang, Kin-Fai Tong, Baker.C. , A new polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna for diversity array, Radar Conference, 2008, RADAR '08. IEEE, 2008 .1~4
[20] Wenhua Chen, Jiawen Sun, Zhenghe Feng, A Novel Compact Reconfigurable Polarization and Pattern Antenna, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2007, 49(11): 2802~2805
[21] Huff, G.H., Feng, J., Zhang, S. et al, A novel radiation pattern and frequency reconfigurable single turn square spiral microstrip antenna, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2003, 13(2): 57~59
[22]张钧,刘克诚,张贤铎等,微带天线理论与工程,北京:国防工业出版社,1988.312~321
[23]杨莘元,马惠珠,张朝柱,现代天线技术,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2007.243~244
[24]丁荣林,李媛,微波技术与天线,北京:机械工业出版社,2007.197~200
[25]顾继慧,微波技术,北京:科学出版社,2004.298~319
[26]李宗谦,佘京兆,高葆新,微波工程与基础,北京:清华大学出版社,2004.223~225
[27]闫润卿,李英惠,微波技术基础(第三版),北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.297~298
[28]曹祥玉,高军,曾越胜等,微波技术与天线,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008.185~186
[29] Liu, J.-C., Cheng, C.-S., Chen, H.-C. et al, Active integration ring antenna/phase shifter for direct conversions, IEE Proceedings Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 2004 ,151(4) : 357~361
[30] Ho, M.H., Chen, G.L., Reconfigured slot-ring antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band WLAN operations Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, IET 2007,1(3) : 712~717
[31] Chen, W.H., Chen, F.L., Li, N. et al, Multi-feed reconfigurable pattern antenna implemented by switches, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2005 , vol. 2A: 400~403