经济区域内物流园区协调发展理论与方法研究
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摘要
自1998年我国第一个物流园区——平湖物流园区在深圳开始建设以来,物流园区的建设发展一直受到政府和企业的广泛关注和重视,并且在政府的大力扶植引导下,呈现“遍地开花”的发展局面。但是到目前为止,我国的物流园区主要是单体运作,相互之间缺乏合作,盲目投资和重复建设的现象比较严重。在区域经济一体化发展的背景下,处于同一经济区域内的物流园区,由于位置毗邻、自然经济条件相似、文化习俗相近,具有更加优越的结成良性互动战略合作伙伴关系的先决条件。消除物流园区自成体系的简单、重复建设现象,使之成为区域物流系统中的有机组成部分,是经济区域物流产业协调发展中需要重点解决的问题。
本文综合运用现代物流学、生态学、动态竞争理论、博弈论、共生理论、协同学等相关理论,采用理论分析与案(算)例分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、系统分析的研究方法进行经济区域内物流园区协调发展的理论分析与方法探讨。主要内容如下：
(1)分析经济区域内物流园区的生态学特征,运用生态学相关理论研究物流园区生态位状况,以及物流园区在竞争、合作和协同进化时的产出。
(2)运用动态竞争理论分析经济区域内物流园区竞争的内涵、特征,以及竞争演化过程。基于市场需求、服务成本、服务类型、其它物流园区的情况等因素,综合运用Bertrand定价策略和微分博弈理论,建立物流园区动态竞争系统价格调整模型。
(3)从共生理论的视角分析物流园区合作共生系统的内涵、特征、产生原因、共生行为模式。将总利润、物流园区在合作时的贡献、成员之间合作成功概率、成员对利润分配的满意度等因素考虑在内,综合运用Nash协商模型和Shapley值法,建立基于满意度的物流园区合作共生系统利润分配模型。
(4)将协同学理论用于研究经济区域内物流园区在竞争与合作的双重作用下,实现协同进化的过程,建立以物流园区利润为序参量,以投资、成本为控制参量的协同学方程,借以分析物流园区协同效应、利润变化和不同投资方式的投资效率。
(5)分析经济区域内物流园区协调发展政府调控的必要性,提出政府调控可根据当地实际情况从加强组织和协调、密切与周边地区的协调和合作、完善交通基础设施建设、建立区域物流公共信息平台、发挥物流行业协会等民间组织的作用等方面着手。
同一经济区域内物流园区协调发展是一个复杂的系统工程,需要分阶段、有步骤地实现；市场机制与政府调控在这一过程中具有同等重要的作用,两者互为补充、相得益彰。
Since1998, the first logistics park in China, Pinghu Logistics Park was set up in Shenzhen. From then on, the construction and development of logistics park have been drawn concerns and attention of the Government and enterprises. With the strong support of the government, the number of logistics parks grows rapidly. However, up to this stage, logistics parks are commonly operated individually lacking collaboration. The unnecessary investment and construction are quite serious. Given the regional economic integration policy, logistics parks can be strategically collaborated within the same economic zone with similar natural and economic conditions, and even similar culture. In order to improve the solo practice of individual logistics park, and reduce the unnecessary construction, it is worth considering to form an integral approach to join up all them as a regional logistics system., This is the key issue to be addressed to achieve the collaboration among logistics parks in the same economic region.
In this thesis, the method of study is a mixed application of various academic disciplines, namely modern logistics science, ecology, dynamic competition theory, game theory, symbiosis theory, synergetics theory, It is using the appropriate approach to analyses different scenario rather than just one single approach for this study. The applications include case study method, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and systems analysis research methods were adopted as follows:
(1) Adopting ecology theory to study the ecological characteristics of the logistics parks to identify their niche status, as well as output of logistics park in the relationship of competition, cooperation and co-evolution.
(2) Adopting dynamic competition theory to study market situation, the cost of service, type of service,, with further application of the Bertrand pricing strategies model and differential game theory, to establish the dynamic price adjustment model of logistics park.
(3) Adopting symbiosis theory to study the total profit and, contribution of logistics parks during collaboration. Based on the Nash bargaining model and the Shapley value model, the Collaborative Symbiotic Benefits Distribution Model (CSBD) is used to establish the probability of success and distribution of profits.
(4) Adopting synergetic theory to study the process of co-evolution of logistics park in the same economic zone with the dual role of competition and cooperation. The co-evolution equation is established by the theoretical basis of synergetics to identify the for the order parameter (profit) and control parameters (investment and cost). With such the equation, the logistics park synergies, changes in profit and investment efficiency of investment can be analyzed.
(5) Analyzing the need for government regulations so as to achieve the coordinated development of logistics parks in the same economic zone. Proposed government regulation should formed according to local conditions. the regulation can strengthen the organization and collaboration with the neighbouring areas by improving transportation infrastructure, establishing regional logistics public information platform, together with the support of local logistics industry associations and other civil society organizations.
From this thesis, the coordinated development of the logistics parks in the same economic region, is a complicated systematic project, need to be phased, step-by-step to achieve. Market mechanisms and government regulation have an equally important role to take part in this process, the two aspects complement each other.
本文综合运用现代物流学、生态学、动态竞争理论、博弈论、共生理论、协同学等相关理论,采用理论分析与案(算)例分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、系统分析的研究方法进行经济区域内物流园区协调发展的理论分析与方法探讨。主要内容如下：
(1)分析经济区域内物流园区的生态学特征,运用生态学相关理论研究物流园区生态位状况,以及物流园区在竞争、合作和协同进化时的产出。
(2)运用动态竞争理论分析经济区域内物流园区竞争的内涵、特征,以及竞争演化过程。基于市场需求、服务成本、服务类型、其它物流园区的情况等因素,综合运用Bertrand定价策略和微分博弈理论,建立物流园区动态竞争系统价格调整模型。
(3)从共生理论的视角分析物流园区合作共生系统的内涵、特征、产生原因、共生行为模式。将总利润、物流园区在合作时的贡献、成员之间合作成功概率、成员对利润分配的满意度等因素考虑在内,综合运用Nash协商模型和Shapley值法,建立基于满意度的物流园区合作共生系统利润分配模型。
(4)将协同学理论用于研究经济区域内物流园区在竞争与合作的双重作用下,实现协同进化的过程,建立以物流园区利润为序参量,以投资、成本为控制参量的协同学方程,借以分析物流园区协同效应、利润变化和不同投资方式的投资效率。
(5)分析经济区域内物流园区协调发展政府调控的必要性,提出政府调控可根据当地实际情况从加强组织和协调、密切与周边地区的协调和合作、完善交通基础设施建设、建立区域物流公共信息平台、发挥物流行业协会等民间组织的作用等方面着手。
同一经济区域内物流园区协调发展是一个复杂的系统工程,需要分阶段、有步骤地实现；市场机制与政府调控在这一过程中具有同等重要的作用,两者互为补充、相得益彰。
Since1998, the first logistics park in China, Pinghu Logistics Park was set up in Shenzhen. From then on, the construction and development of logistics park have been drawn concerns and attention of the Government and enterprises. With the strong support of the government, the number of logistics parks grows rapidly. However, up to this stage, logistics parks are commonly operated individually lacking collaboration. The unnecessary investment and construction are quite serious. Given the regional economic integration policy, logistics parks can be strategically collaborated within the same economic zone with similar natural and economic conditions, and even similar culture. In order to improve the solo practice of individual logistics park, and reduce the unnecessary construction, it is worth considering to form an integral approach to join up all them as a regional logistics system., This is the key issue to be addressed to achieve the collaboration among logistics parks in the same economic region.
In this thesis, the method of study is a mixed application of various academic disciplines, namely modern logistics science, ecology, dynamic competition theory, game theory, symbiosis theory, synergetics theory, It is using the appropriate approach to analyses different scenario rather than just one single approach for this study. The applications include case study method, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and systems analysis research methods were adopted as follows:
(1) Adopting ecology theory to study the ecological characteristics of the logistics parks to identify their niche status, as well as output of logistics park in the relationship of competition, cooperation and co-evolution.
(2) Adopting dynamic competition theory to study market situation, the cost of service, type of service,, with further application of the Bertrand pricing strategies model and differential game theory, to establish the dynamic price adjustment model of logistics park.
(3) Adopting symbiosis theory to study the total profit and, contribution of logistics parks during collaboration. Based on the Nash bargaining model and the Shapley value model, the Collaborative Symbiotic Benefits Distribution Model (CSBD) is used to establish the probability of success and distribution of profits.
(4) Adopting synergetic theory to study the process of co-evolution of logistics park in the same economic zone with the dual role of competition and cooperation. The co-evolution equation is established by the theoretical basis of synergetics to identify the for the order parameter (profit) and control parameters (investment and cost). With such the equation, the logistics park synergies, changes in profit and investment efficiency of investment can be analyzed.
(5) Analyzing the need for government regulations so as to achieve the coordinated development of logistics parks in the same economic zone. Proposed government regulation should formed according to local conditions. the regulation can strengthen the organization and collaboration with the neighbouring areas by improving transportation infrastructure, establishing regional logistics public information platform, together with the support of local logistics industry associations and other civil society organizations.
From this thesis, the coordinated development of the logistics parks in the same economic region, is a complicated systematic project, need to be phased, step-by-step to achieve. Market mechanisms and government regulation have an equally important role to take part in this process, the two aspects complement each other.
引文
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