灵芝液体发酵产漆酶研究
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摘要
漆酶(benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase 苯二醇：氧氧化还原酶，ECl.10.3.2)是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶，近年来，有关漆酶的研究已引起人们的广泛关注。目前对真菌漆酶的研究多集中于少数几种真菌，有关灵芝漆酶的研究较少。
本文比较研究了热变性法和冰浴法终止酶活反应对灵芝漆酶活性测定的影响，结果显示采用热变性法作为终止反应方法是可行的，相对于冰浴法，具有可靠、可重复、简便快捷的特点。
对灵芝液体发酵产漆酶的培养基和培养条件进行研究，以发酵液中灵芝胞外漆酶活性为衡量指标，正交试验结果得出最佳培养基组成为(1L)：葡萄糖(碳浓度为1.0mol／L)、棉花0.2％、磷酸氢二铵(氮浓度为0.01mol／L)、干酪素0.5％、吐温-80 0.15ml；优化培养基液体发酵液中灵芝漆酶活性是液体发酵基础培养基的25.72倍；最佳培养条件为：初始pH5.5、装液量75ml、接种量12.5％、菌龄5×24hr、培养时间9×24hr。优化条件下灵芝胞外漆酶活性是未优化培养条件下的2.12倍，是液体发酵基础培养基的49.26倍。
由PAGE电泳酶谱推断，液体发酵培养过程中，灵芝胞外漆酶是单一酶，并不产生其他灵芝漆酶同工酶，且灵芝漆酶活性的升高与其表达量的增加呈正相关。
Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)等四种金属离子均不同程度地有利于灵芝胞外漆酶的合成。Cu~(2+)浓度的变化对灵芝漆酶活性影响最大，其最高值约为对照的3.47倍，其次是Mn~(2+)，Zn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)浓度变化的影响相对较小。Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)均在较低浓度起作用，而Mn~(2+)对灵芝漆酶起促进作用的浓度相对较高。
香兰素、愈创木酚、阿魏酸和邻甲苯胺等四种诱导剂的诱导作用主要在于使发酵液中灵芝漆酶活性达到峰值的时间发生变化，而不是诱导其表达量的增加。阿魏酸的作用结果显示有别于其他三种诱导剂，暗示其可能存在不同的诱导机理。
Laccase (benzenediol : oxygen oxidoreductase, ECl.10.3.2 ) was a p-diphenol oxidase containing four Coppers. Researches on laccase were more and more attractive in recent years. Currently, most of the studies about fungal laccase were focused on a few species of fungi and there were few reports on Ganoderma lucidum laccase.
Two different termination methods of Ganoderma lucidum laccase determination were compared in this paper. The results revealed that it was feasible to terminate the enzyme reaction by heat. Compared heating with freezing, the former was more reliable, repeatable, simple and convenient.
The optimum culture medium and conditions in shaking flasks for laccase production by Ganoderma lucidum were studied. To measure Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity in different culture medium and conditions through orthogonal experiment, the optimum culture components were: Glucose 30.0 g/L, cotton 0.2 %, (NH_4)_2HPO_4 0.66 g/L, casein 0.5 %, Tween-80 0.15 ml; after culture medium optimization, Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity of submerged fermentation liquid is 25.72 times as basic liquid medium; the optimum conditions were: initial pH of medium 5.5, 75ml medium in 250 ml-flask, inoculation 12.5 %, mycelium age 5×24 hr, culture time 9×24 hr. Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity of submerged fermentation liquid improved remarkably in the optimum culture and conditions, with 2.12 times as non-optimized culture conditions and 49.26 times as basic liquid medium.
From the PAGE zymogram, it was inferred that Ganoderma lucidum laccase is a single enzyme and there was no other isoenzyme expressed in the process of liquid fermentation. The positive correlation between Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity and its production was revealed.
The biosynthesis of Ganoderma lucidum laccase was facilitated in various extents by four metallic ions of Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+), Mn~(2+) and Fe~(2+). The effect of Cu~(2+) was the most, and its peak value was approximately 3.47 times as the control. The following was Mn~(2+),
本文比较研究了热变性法和冰浴法终止酶活反应对灵芝漆酶活性测定的影响，结果显示采用热变性法作为终止反应方法是可行的，相对于冰浴法，具有可靠、可重复、简便快捷的特点。
对灵芝液体发酵产漆酶的培养基和培养条件进行研究，以发酵液中灵芝胞外漆酶活性为衡量指标，正交试验结果得出最佳培养基组成为(1L)：葡萄糖(碳浓度为1.0mol／L)、棉花0.2％、磷酸氢二铵(氮浓度为0.01mol／L)、干酪素0.5％、吐温-80 0.15ml；优化培养基液体发酵液中灵芝漆酶活性是液体发酵基础培养基的25.72倍；最佳培养条件为：初始pH5.5、装液量75ml、接种量12.5％、菌龄5×24hr、培养时间9×24hr。优化条件下灵芝胞外漆酶活性是未优化培养条件下的2.12倍，是液体发酵基础培养基的49.26倍。
由PAGE电泳酶谱推断，液体发酵培养过程中，灵芝胞外漆酶是单一酶，并不产生其他灵芝漆酶同工酶，且灵芝漆酶活性的升高与其表达量的增加呈正相关。
Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)等四种金属离子均不同程度地有利于灵芝胞外漆酶的合成。Cu~(2+)浓度的变化对灵芝漆酶活性影响最大，其最高值约为对照的3.47倍，其次是Mn~(2+)，Zn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)浓度变化的影响相对较小。Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)均在较低浓度起作用，而Mn~(2+)对灵芝漆酶起促进作用的浓度相对较高。
香兰素、愈创木酚、阿魏酸和邻甲苯胺等四种诱导剂的诱导作用主要在于使发酵液中灵芝漆酶活性达到峰值的时间发生变化，而不是诱导其表达量的增加。阿魏酸的作用结果显示有别于其他三种诱导剂，暗示其可能存在不同的诱导机理。
Laccase (benzenediol : oxygen oxidoreductase, ECl.10.3.2 ) was a p-diphenol oxidase containing four Coppers. Researches on laccase were more and more attractive in recent years. Currently, most of the studies about fungal laccase were focused on a few species of fungi and there were few reports on Ganoderma lucidum laccase.
Two different termination methods of Ganoderma lucidum laccase determination were compared in this paper. The results revealed that it was feasible to terminate the enzyme reaction by heat. Compared heating with freezing, the former was more reliable, repeatable, simple and convenient.
The optimum culture medium and conditions in shaking flasks for laccase production by Ganoderma lucidum were studied. To measure Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity in different culture medium and conditions through orthogonal experiment, the optimum culture components were: Glucose 30.0 g/L, cotton 0.2 %, (NH_4)_2HPO_4 0.66 g/L, casein 0.5 %, Tween-80 0.15 ml; after culture medium optimization, Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity of submerged fermentation liquid is 25.72 times as basic liquid medium; the optimum conditions were: initial pH of medium 5.5, 75ml medium in 250 ml-flask, inoculation 12.5 %, mycelium age 5×24 hr, culture time 9×24 hr. Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity of submerged fermentation liquid improved remarkably in the optimum culture and conditions, with 2.12 times as non-optimized culture conditions and 49.26 times as basic liquid medium.
From the PAGE zymogram, it was inferred that Ganoderma lucidum laccase is a single enzyme and there was no other isoenzyme expressed in the process of liquid fermentation. The positive correlation between Ganoderma lucidum laccase activity and its production was revealed.
The biosynthesis of Ganoderma lucidum laccase was facilitated in various extents by four metallic ions of Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+), Mn~(2+) and Fe~(2+). The effect of Cu~(2+) was the most, and its peak value was approximately 3.47 times as the control. The following was Mn~(2+),
引文
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