数字电视地面移动接收机的设计与实现
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摘要
随着广播电视技术的不断发展,数字电视取代模拟电视已经是必然趋势。地面广播数字电视DVB-T有着一个最为显著的特点:可以在无线和移动的情况下稳定的接收高质量的数字信息服务,这样可以极大的丰富数据广播业务的内容和服务方式。对于整个系统来说,稳定可靠的接收DVB-T信号是实现整个业务的关键所在。这就提出了数字电视地面移动接收机,即DVB-T数字电视接收机的研究课题。
本文通过对应用于数字电视接收机的相关技术的讨论,以及对DVB标准、COFDM信道调制方式和MPEG-2编码解码技术的研究和分析,在LSI SC2005平台上实现了数字电视地面移动接收机设计。
接收机的整体设计围绕几个主要的功能模块进行,文中分析了这几个模块的工作原理和数据流程,以及应用软件设计。对于信号解调模块,通过对地面广播数字一体化高频头TNT7802的组成结构和各部分功能,以及高频头内部信号处理过程的分析,设计了状态机来实现高频头锁频任务,开发了高频头底层驱动程序来实现高频头的各项功能;并且给出了信号解调模块硬件接口设计电路图。
对于解复用模块,分析了音视频传输流的解复用过程,设计了驱动程序来管理解复用器的信道、缓冲区和滤波器,实现了解复用功能。在用户控制模块,介绍了模块的基本原理和工作方法,设计了用户端口的控制程序。
最后总结了该数字电视地面移动接收机的整体设计,并对其应用前景做出了展望。
With the development of the broadcasting technology, it’s obviously that digital broadcast and television will take the place of simulation broadcast and television. As a very important part of the DVB standard, the study of DVB-T system is very valuable. And the terminal set-top-box plays an important role of the system. The capability of signal processing in wireless and mobile situation is the obvious advantage of DVB-T system compared with DVB-S and DVB-C systems. And the service of digital broadcast and television is extended by the capability of DVB-T system. The performance of signal processing is the key role of DVB-T set-top-box.
This paper introduces a DVB-T set-top-box design based on the platform of LSI SC2005 according to the research of the technology about DVB-T set-top-box, such as the DVB standard, COFDM demodulation and MPEG-2 encode and decode technology.
The DVB-T set-top-box contains some modules. Hardware design and software design of a few important modules are introduced.
The structure and the demodulate process of the net interface module is introduced at first. A state machine and the drivers of the digital terrestrial front-end are designed in this paper. Then the circuit diagram of this module is analyzed.
Demultiplexer is another important module of the DVB-T set-top-box. Channel and buffer manage, filter control are important steps of the demultiplexing process. Drivers of this module is also designed and introduced in this paper. A communication port for the user of the DVB-T set-top-box is implemented.
本文通过对应用于数字电视接收机的相关技术的讨论,以及对DVB标准、COFDM信道调制方式和MPEG-2编码解码技术的研究和分析,在LSI SC2005平台上实现了数字电视地面移动接收机设计。
接收机的整体设计围绕几个主要的功能模块进行,文中分析了这几个模块的工作原理和数据流程,以及应用软件设计。对于信号解调模块,通过对地面广播数字一体化高频头TNT7802的组成结构和各部分功能,以及高频头内部信号处理过程的分析,设计了状态机来实现高频头锁频任务,开发了高频头底层驱动程序来实现高频头的各项功能;并且给出了信号解调模块硬件接口设计电路图。
对于解复用模块,分析了音视频传输流的解复用过程,设计了驱动程序来管理解复用器的信道、缓冲区和滤波器,实现了解复用功能。在用户控制模块,介绍了模块的基本原理和工作方法,设计了用户端口的控制程序。
最后总结了该数字电视地面移动接收机的整体设计,并对其应用前景做出了展望。
With the development of the broadcasting technology, it’s obviously that digital broadcast and television will take the place of simulation broadcast and television. As a very important part of the DVB standard, the study of DVB-T system is very valuable. And the terminal set-top-box plays an important role of the system. The capability of signal processing in wireless and mobile situation is the obvious advantage of DVB-T system compared with DVB-S and DVB-C systems. And the service of digital broadcast and television is extended by the capability of DVB-T system. The performance of signal processing is the key role of DVB-T set-top-box.
This paper introduces a DVB-T set-top-box design based on the platform of LSI SC2005 according to the research of the technology about DVB-T set-top-box, such as the DVB standard, COFDM demodulation and MPEG-2 encode and decode technology.
The DVB-T set-top-box contains some modules. Hardware design and software design of a few important modules are introduced.
The structure and the demodulate process of the net interface module is introduced at first. A state machine and the drivers of the digital terrestrial front-end are designed in this paper. Then the circuit diagram of this module is analyzed.
Demultiplexer is another important module of the DVB-T set-top-box. Channel and buffer manage, filter control are important steps of the demultiplexing process. Drivers of this module is also designed and introduced in this paper. A communication port for the user of the DVB-T set-top-box is implemented.
引文
[1] 刘开华. 机顶盒与数字电视. 电子世界, 2003, 1: 7～9
[2] Frescura F., Pielmeier S., Reali G., et al. DSP based OFDM demodulator and equalizer for professional DVB-T receivers. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1999, 45(3): 323 ~ 332
[3] 李琛, 杜明辉. DVB-T 发展概况. 电视技术, 2003, 10:9～11
[4] Du Jianghong. Implementation of MPEG-2 TS Transmission Based on CATV, The Joural of China Universities of Post and Telecommunications. 2000, 7: 11~14
[5] 何晓成. 新一代数字高清晰度电视机顶盒系统软件的研究与实现: [硕士学位论文]. 天津: 天津大学图书馆, 2004
[6] 杨晓宏. 我国数字电视发展与展望. 中国有线电视, 2002, 14:10~12
[7] Kang Bongsoon, Kim Juhyun, Yang Hoongee. Design of multi-standard NTSC/PAL video encoder. Current Applied Physics, 2004, 4(1): 37~42
[8] Sikora T.. MPEG Digital Video-Coding Standards. Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE. 1997, 14(5): 82~100
[9] 李晓梅, 胡睿. 抗多径干扰技术在数字地面广播中的应用. 电视技术论坛, 2000, 2(1): 19～26
[10] Zou W.Y., Yiyan Wu. COFDM: an overview. Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on, 1995, 41(1): 1 ~ 8
[11] 刘疆. MPEG-2 系统级复用器的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文]. 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2002
[12] Negru D., Mehaoua A., Hadjadj-aoul Y., et al. Dynamic bandwidth allocation for efficient support of concurrent digital TV and IP multicast services in DVB-T networks. Computer Communications, 2006, 29(6): 741~756
[13] O'Leary S.. Hierarchical transmission and COFDM systems. Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions, 1997, 43(2): 166 ~ 174
[14] 周志, 王贻良. DVB 数据广播标准及实现. 电视技术, 2000, 5: 55-57.
[15] Draft EN 300 744 V1.2.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digtal terrestrial television. 1999
[16] EN 300 468 v1.3.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems. 1998
[17] ETR 289. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems. 1996
[18] ISO/IEC 13818: 运动图象及其伴音通用编码国际标准 MPEG-2. 钟玉琢译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1997. 9～12
[19] 黄毅, 方晓颖, 尹秋艳. DVB-T 中的 COFDM 调制技术. 现代电视技术, 2003, 12: 92～94
[20] 冯景锋, 郭晓强, 全子一. DVB-T 传输系统网格编码调制技术. 电视技术, 2002, 9: 16～19
[21] 王剑, 杨知行, 潘长勇. DVB-T 在移动接收中的问题与对策. 电视技术, 2004, 2: 4～6
[22] Polley M.O., Schreiber W.F., Wee S.J.. Comments on “transmission techniques for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting” [and reply]. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 1995, 33(11): 22 ~ 26
[23] Sherratt R.S., Linfoot S.L.. Deterministic equalization and results of a DVB-T multipath equalizer for both 16-QAM and 64-QAM operation. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2003, 49(1): 21~26
[24] 张健, 钟清华. DVB-T 系统的信道特性研究. 中国有线电视, 2002, 24: 13～15
[25] 刘敬涛, 胡飞将. 一种基于时域同步的保护间隔检测方法. 今日电子. 2002, 8: 14～16
[26] 艾渤, 葛建华, 王勇等. 数字视频广播 COFDM 系统传输方案. 西部广播电视, 2002, 9: 6～9
[27] 杨伏华, 李际平, 李广侠. 基于 DVB-T 的单频广播网络. 电视技术, 2002, 10: 27～28
[28] 张文军, 夏劲松, 王匡等. 高级数字电视广播系统传输方案. 电视技术, 2002, 1:6～11
[29] 房海东, 杨知行, 潘长勇. DMB-T 单频网的应用方案. 电视技术, 2004, 5: 20～22
[30] 江灏, 陈晓光, 王世一等. 上海地区的 DVB-T 单频网设计. 电视技术, 2004, 5: 23～25
[31] Linfoot S.L., Sherratt R.S.. Analysis of a DVB-T compliant receiver simulation under various multipath conditions. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions, 2000, 46(1): 201 ~ 206
[32] 陈伟群. 数字视频广播终端解调系统的研制: [硕士学位论文] . 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2000
[33] 陈颖琪, 陈军华, 王旭等. 单片式 DVB-C/S 机顶盒的设计与实现. 电视技术, 2003, 6: 54～56
[34] 干戈, 刘卫忠, 冯卓明. 机卡分离技术在 DVB 条件接入系统中的应用. 中国有线电视, 2005, 3/4: 317～319
[35] Jen Seung Choi. Design and implementation of DVB-T receiver system for digital TV. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2004, 50(4): 991~998
[36] SC2005 single-chip source decoder data sheet. LSI Logic, 2002
[37] 刘小卫. 嵌入式软件在综合业务机顶盒上的应用研究: [硕士学位论文] . 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2001
[38] 孙亚楠, 郑南宁, 梁峰等. 基于 DVB-C 的数字机顶盒系统及软件. 中国有线电视, 2002, 17: 64～65
[39] 陈成, 刘小卫. 应用于视频点播系统的数字机顶盒. 国际广电商情, 2000, 11: 113～115
[40] TNT7802 digital terrestrial front-end specification. Shanghai Towner Electronics Technology, 2003
[41] 何立民著. I2C 总线应用系统设计. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 1995, 16～28
[2] Frescura F., Pielmeier S., Reali G., et al. DSP based OFDM demodulator and equalizer for professional DVB-T receivers. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1999, 45(3): 323 ~ 332
[3] 李琛, 杜明辉. DVB-T 发展概况. 电视技术, 2003, 10:9～11
[4] Du Jianghong. Implementation of MPEG-2 TS Transmission Based on CATV, The Joural of China Universities of Post and Telecommunications. 2000, 7: 11~14
[5] 何晓成. 新一代数字高清晰度电视机顶盒系统软件的研究与实现: [硕士学位论文]. 天津: 天津大学图书馆, 2004
[6] 杨晓宏. 我国数字电视发展与展望. 中国有线电视, 2002, 14:10~12
[7] Kang Bongsoon, Kim Juhyun, Yang Hoongee. Design of multi-standard NTSC/PAL video encoder. Current Applied Physics, 2004, 4(1): 37~42
[8] Sikora T.. MPEG Digital Video-Coding Standards. Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE. 1997, 14(5): 82~100
[9] 李晓梅, 胡睿. 抗多径干扰技术在数字地面广播中的应用. 电视技术论坛, 2000, 2(1): 19～26
[10] Zou W.Y., Yiyan Wu. COFDM: an overview. Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on, 1995, 41(1): 1 ~ 8
[11] 刘疆. MPEG-2 系统级复用器的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文]. 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2002
[12] Negru D., Mehaoua A., Hadjadj-aoul Y., et al. Dynamic bandwidth allocation for efficient support of concurrent digital TV and IP multicast services in DVB-T networks. Computer Communications, 2006, 29(6): 741~756
[13] O'Leary S.. Hierarchical transmission and COFDM systems. Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions, 1997, 43(2): 166 ~ 174
[14] 周志, 王贻良. DVB 数据广播标准及实现. 电视技术, 2000, 5: 55-57.
[15] Draft EN 300 744 V1.2.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digtal terrestrial television. 1999
[16] EN 300 468 v1.3.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems. 1998
[17] ETR 289. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems. 1996
[18] ISO/IEC 13818: 运动图象及其伴音通用编码国际标准 MPEG-2. 钟玉琢译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1997. 9～12
[19] 黄毅, 方晓颖, 尹秋艳. DVB-T 中的 COFDM 调制技术. 现代电视技术, 2003, 12: 92～94
[20] 冯景锋, 郭晓强, 全子一. DVB-T 传输系统网格编码调制技术. 电视技术, 2002, 9: 16～19
[21] 王剑, 杨知行, 潘长勇. DVB-T 在移动接收中的问题与对策. 电视技术, 2004, 2: 4～6
[22] Polley M.O., Schreiber W.F., Wee S.J.. Comments on “transmission techniques for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting” [and reply]. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 1995, 33(11): 22 ~ 26
[23] Sherratt R.S., Linfoot S.L.. Deterministic equalization and results of a DVB-T multipath equalizer for both 16-QAM and 64-QAM operation. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2003, 49(1): 21~26
[24] 张健, 钟清华. DVB-T 系统的信道特性研究. 中国有线电视, 2002, 24: 13～15
[25] 刘敬涛, 胡飞将. 一种基于时域同步的保护间隔检测方法. 今日电子. 2002, 8: 14～16
[26] 艾渤, 葛建华, 王勇等. 数字视频广播 COFDM 系统传输方案. 西部广播电视, 2002, 9: 6～9
[27] 杨伏华, 李际平, 李广侠. 基于 DVB-T 的单频广播网络. 电视技术, 2002, 10: 27～28
[28] 张文军, 夏劲松, 王匡等. 高级数字电视广播系统传输方案. 电视技术, 2002, 1:6～11
[29] 房海东, 杨知行, 潘长勇. DMB-T 单频网的应用方案. 电视技术, 2004, 5: 20～22
[30] 江灏, 陈晓光, 王世一等. 上海地区的 DVB-T 单频网设计. 电视技术, 2004, 5: 23～25
[31] Linfoot S.L., Sherratt R.S.. Analysis of a DVB-T compliant receiver simulation under various multipath conditions. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions, 2000, 46(1): 201 ~ 206
[32] 陈伟群. 数字视频广播终端解调系统的研制: [硕士学位论文] . 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2000
[33] 陈颖琪, 陈军华, 王旭等. 单片式 DVB-C/S 机顶盒的设计与实现. 电视技术, 2003, 6: 54～56
[34] 干戈, 刘卫忠, 冯卓明. 机卡分离技术在 DVB 条件接入系统中的应用. 中国有线电视, 2005, 3/4: 317～319
[35] Jen Seung Choi. Design and implementation of DVB-T receiver system for digital TV. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2004, 50(4): 991~998
[36] SC2005 single-chip source decoder data sheet. LSI Logic, 2002
[37] 刘小卫. 嵌入式软件在综合业务机顶盒上的应用研究: [硕士学位论文] . 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2001
[38] 孙亚楠, 郑南宁, 梁峰等. 基于 DVB-C 的数字机顶盒系统及软件. 中国有线电视, 2002, 17: 64～65
[39] 陈成, 刘小卫. 应用于视频点播系统的数字机顶盒. 国际广电商情, 2000, 11: 113～115
[40] TNT7802 digital terrestrial front-end specification. Shanghai Towner Electronics Technology, 2003
[41] 何立民著. I2C 总线应用系统设计. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 1995, 16～28