考虑干缩和徐变的施工期隧道初期支护安全性评估方法
|
摘要
隧道施工中,利用支护位移的监控量测数据及时地进行支护结构的安全性评价是隧道动态设计的关键,对保证隧道结构的安全具有重要意义。在隧道监控量测参数中,支护位移由于测量方便、花费低和可信度高,在工程实践中被广泛采用。
本文针对以位移为基础的隧道支护结构安全性分析方法,探讨了喷射混凝土的收缩和徐变变形对隧道安全性的影响。叙述了喷射混凝土的干缩和徐变特性,推导了考虑干缩和徐变时支护内力的计算公式,给出了支护结构截面失效的功能函数,并进行了工程实例分析。
分析结果表明,干缩与徐变均使隧道支护结构的可靠指标有所增加,不考虑干缩与徐变时的计算结果是偏于保守的。相比而言,干缩使可靠指标增大不多,一般情况下可忽略其影响。徐变对可靠指标的影响,在喷层受力不大时,影响不显著,实际工作中可以不考虑;反之,则建议考虑徐变的影响。
本文的工作提高并完善了施工期隧道喷射混凝土支护安全性评价位移方法。
To a tunnel under construction, a prompt assessment to the safety of the lining through in-situ measured data is of practical importance both for the dynamic design and to guarantee the stability of the tunnel. Among all the parameters measured during tunnel construction, displacement is widely used and thus accepted as a very essential quantity, due to its advantages in convenience, low cost and high credibility.
In terms of the displacement-based method previously proposed to evaluate the safety of tunnel support structures, the influence of shrinkage and creep of shotcrete on the stability of tunnels is approached in this paper. The properties of shotcrete on shrinkage and creep are discussed, and the formulas to calculate the internal forces of the shotcrete lining with shrinkage and creep considered are derived out. Then a performance function for the failure of a cross section is given. At last, three case studies are done.
The results show that the method gives larger reliability index when shrinkage and creep of the shotcrete are taken into account. That is to say, the reliability index was underestimated in the past. In comparison with creep, shrinkage doesn't have much contribution to the increase of the reliability index, which means that shrinkage could be neglected in the analysis. The influence of creep depends on the dimension of the internal forces of the lining. When the forces are small, the influence of creep could be ignored. However, when the forces are big, the influence of creep should be taken into consideration.
This work improves the accuracy of the displacement-based method.
本文针对以位移为基础的隧道支护结构安全性分析方法,探讨了喷射混凝土的收缩和徐变变形对隧道安全性的影响。叙述了喷射混凝土的干缩和徐变特性,推导了考虑干缩和徐变时支护内力的计算公式,给出了支护结构截面失效的功能函数,并进行了工程实例分析。
分析结果表明,干缩与徐变均使隧道支护结构的可靠指标有所增加,不考虑干缩与徐变时的计算结果是偏于保守的。相比而言,干缩使可靠指标增大不多,一般情况下可忽略其影响。徐变对可靠指标的影响,在喷层受力不大时,影响不显著,实际工作中可以不考虑;反之,则建议考虑徐变的影响。
本文的工作提高并完善了施工期隧道喷射混凝土支护安全性评价位移方法。
To a tunnel under construction, a prompt assessment to the safety of the lining through in-situ measured data is of practical importance both for the dynamic design and to guarantee the stability of the tunnel. Among all the parameters measured during tunnel construction, displacement is widely used and thus accepted as a very essential quantity, due to its advantages in convenience, low cost and high credibility.
In terms of the displacement-based method previously proposed to evaluate the safety of tunnel support structures, the influence of shrinkage and creep of shotcrete on the stability of tunnels is approached in this paper. The properties of shotcrete on shrinkage and creep are discussed, and the formulas to calculate the internal forces of the shotcrete lining with shrinkage and creep considered are derived out. Then a performance function for the failure of a cross section is given. At last, three case studies are done.
The results show that the method gives larger reliability index when shrinkage and creep of the shotcrete are taken into account. That is to say, the reliability index was underestimated in the past. In comparison with creep, shrinkage doesn't have much contribution to the increase of the reliability index, which means that shrinkage could be neglected in the analysis. The influence of creep depends on the dimension of the internal forces of the lining. When the forces are small, the influence of creep could be ignored. However, when the forces are big, the influence of creep should be taken into consideration.
This work improves the accuracy of the displacement-based method.
引文
[1]牟瑞芳.论隧道工程围岩稳定性及其可控制性[J].铁道学报,1996,18(4):82-88
[2]S.Sakurai and I.Kawashima,etc.Critical shear strain for assessing the stability of tunnels[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1994,493,185-188
[3]P.A.Lilly and J.Li.Estimating excavation reliability from displacement modeling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences December 2000,37(8):1261-1265
[4]景诗庭,朱永全,宋玉香.隧道结构可靠度[M].铁道出版社.北京.2002:14-184
[5]朱永全.隧道稳定性位移判别准则[J].中国铁道科学,2001,22(6):80-83
[6]张弥,杨成永.地下工程喷锚支护系统的不确定性研究[J].西部探矿工程,1996,8(1):5-9
[7]杨成永,张弥,白小亮.用于结构可靠度分析的多响应面方法[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,25(1):1-4
[8]杨成永、张弥、白小亮.隧道喷射混凝土衬砌结构可靠度分析的位移方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):266-269
[9]谢圣娴、杨成永、杨菁轩.不同拟合曲线对结构可靠度分析位移方法的适应性[J].北方交通大学学报,2003,27(1):84-86
[10]David.W.Mokarem.Development of concrete shrinkage performance specifications [D].Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.2002,5
[11]Z.P.Bazant.Prediction of concrete creep and shrinkage:past,present and future [J].Nuclear Engineering and Design.2001,203:27-38.
[12]Model Code for Concrete Structures:CEB-FIP International Recommendations [S].Paris:[sn],1978.
[13]CEB欧洲国际混凝土委员会.1990年CEB-FIP模式规范(混凝土结构)[S].中国建筑科学研究院结构所规范室译.1991,12:57-70
[14]ACI Committee 209(1982).Prediction of Creep,shrinkage,and temperature effects in concrete structures(ACI209R-82[S].Part 1.Amercian Concrete Institue,209R1982
[15]ACI Committee 209(1992).Prediction of creep,shrinkage,and temperature effects in concrete structures(209R-92)[S].Part 1.Amercian Concrete Institue,209R1992
[16]BS 5400:Part 4:1984.Code of Practice for Design of Concrete Bridges[S].British Standard Institute,1984
[17]英国标准协会.中国建筑科学研究院结构所规范室译.BS 8110《英国混凝土结构规范》[S].1993,5:191-195
[18]Z.P.Bazant and S.Baweja.Creep and Shrinkage Prediction Model for Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures Model B3[J].RELEM Recommendation.Materialsand Structures,1995(28):357-365
[19]Z.P.Bazant.Prediction of concrete creep efects using age-adjusted efective modulus method[J].ACI Materials Journal,69:212-217
[20]Z.P.Bazant,L Panula.Creep and Shrinkage Characterization for Analyzing Prestressed Concrete Structures[J].PCI Journal,1980,25(3):86-122.
[21]N.J.Gardner,J.W.Zhao.Creep and Shrinkage Revisited[J].ACI Materials Journal,1993,90(3):236-246
[22]N.J.Gardner,M.J.Lockman.Design Provisions for Drying Shrinkagea nd Creep of Normal-Strength Concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,2001,98(2):159-167
[23]林南熏.混凝土徐变的试验研究[J].华南工学院学报,1965(12)
[24]朱伯芳.混凝土的弹性模量、徐变度与应力松弛系数[J].水利学报,1985(9):54-61
[25]龚洛书,惠满印,杨蓓.硅收缩与徐变的实用数学表达式[J].建筑结构学报,1988(5):37-41
[26]龚洛书,惠满印等.混凝土收缩与徐变的试验研究[R].建筑科学研究报告,中国建筑科学研究院,1987,No.4-1
[27]苏清洪,加筋混凝土收缩徐变的试验研究[J].桥梁建设,1994(4):11-181
[28]卫军,赵红京.干燥地区混凝土徐变、收缩估算体系及验证[J].华中科技大学学报,2001,29(7):109-110
[29]吴胜兴.混凝土结构的温度应力与温度裂缝控制研究[D].河海大学博士论文.1994
[30]黄国兴,惠荣炎.混凝土的收缩[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990,p1-102
[31]惠荣炎,黄国兴.混凝土的蠕变[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990,p1-92,p121-186
[32]周履,陈永春.收缩蠕变[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994,30-52
[33]L.Malmgren,E.Nordlund and S.Rolund.Adhesion strength and shrinkage of shotcrete [J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2005(20):33-48
[34]Jérome Sercombe,Christian Hellmich,Franz-Josef Ulm and Herbert Mang.Modeling of early-age creep of shotcrete.I:Model and Model parameters[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(3):284-291
[35]Christian Hellmich,Jérome Sercombe,Franz-Josef Ulm and Herbert Mang.Modeling of early-age creep of shotcrete.Ⅱ:application to tunneling[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(3):292-299
[36]悉尼·明德斯,J·弗朗西斯·扬.方秋英等译.混凝土[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[37]冯乃谦.新实用混凝土大全[M].北京:科学出版社.2005.p379-385
[38]蔡正泳,混凝土性能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1979
[39]雍本.特种混凝土设计与施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2005.p1320-1348
[40]程良奎,杨志银.喷射混凝土与土钉墙[M].北京:建筑工业出版社.1998.p35-60
[41]郭成举.混凝土的物理和化学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[42]Rajeev Goel,Ram Kumar,Suraj Parkashand D.K.Paul.Prediction of creep and shrinkage strains in prestressed concrete bridges[J].Advances in Bridge Engineering,2006(3):543-554
[43]Jian-Ping Lain.Evaluation of concrete shrinkage and creep prediction models[D].San Jose State university,2002(5)
[44]David W.Mokarem,Development of Concrete Shrinkage Performance Specifications [D].Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.2002.
[45]A.M.Neville,W.H.Dilger and J.J.Brooks.Creep of plain and structural Concrete.Construction Press,London and New York,1982
[46]Akthem Al-Manaseer,Jian-Ping Lain.Statistical Evaluation of Shrinkage and Creep Models[J].ACI Material Journal technical papers:102-119
[47]A.M.内维尔.李国泮,马贞勇译.混凝土的性能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1983,12:650-781
[48]陈志华.混凝土徐变预测模型的对比分析[J].桥梁建设.2006(5):76-85
[49]丁文盛,吕志涛,孟少平等.混凝土收缩徐变预测模型的分析比较[J].桥梁建设,2004(6):13-16.
[50]石现峰,梁志广,李建中.几种常用混凝上收缩徐变模式的比较分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1998(3):8-13
[51]JTG D62-2004 公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范[S]2004
[52]JTJ 023-85,公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范[S]1985
[53]刘高平,熊莉娜.混凝土徐变分析[J].武汉科技学院学报 2006,19(5):6-9
[54]沈小康,刘大超.影响水泥混凝土徐变的作用机理研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2006,4(3):63-66
[55]李光伟.粉煤灰掺量对混凝土徐变性能的研究[J].水电工程研究.1994,2(1):12-14
[56]贾兆武.大峡工程低微水泥混凝土徐变变形研究[J].陕西水力发电,1992,8(3):44-49
[57]Rafael Manzamrez and Miroslav Olmer.Parrorts Ferry Bridge Rerofit[J].T.y.Lin International,1994,10(1)
[58]刘忠.混凝土徐变收缩的递推AEMM法[J].重庆交通学院学报,1994 13(5):31-34.
[59]罗灿明.龙滩水电站坝基混凝土徐变试验研究[J].红水河,1994,13(3):19-24.
[60]李承木.二滩拱坝原级配混凝土徐变试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2000:20(1):30-33
[61]P.P.Oreste.A procedure for determining the reaction curve of shotcrete lining considering transient conditions[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2003,36(3):209-236
[62]周德培译.考虑岩体和喷射混凝土与时间相关性的隧道设计[J].世界隧道,1995(2):52-54
[63]董新平,谷胜利,周顺华.地下工程喷射混凝土材料时间效应的有限元模拟[J].河南科学.2006,24(1):104-106
[64]景诗庭.地下结构可靠度分析研究之进展[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1995,8(2):13-18
[65]重庆建筑工程学院,南京工学院.混凝土学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1981(7):73-128
[66]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路隧道设计规范TB 10003-99[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999
[67]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路隧道喷锚构筑法技术规范TB 10108-2002[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[68]中华人民共和国国家标准.铁路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准GB 50216-94[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995
[2]S.Sakurai and I.Kawashima,etc.Critical shear strain for assessing the stability of tunnels[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1994,493,185-188
[3]P.A.Lilly and J.Li.Estimating excavation reliability from displacement modeling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences December 2000,37(8):1261-1265
[4]景诗庭,朱永全,宋玉香.隧道结构可靠度[M].铁道出版社.北京.2002:14-184
[5]朱永全.隧道稳定性位移判别准则[J].中国铁道科学,2001,22(6):80-83
[6]张弥,杨成永.地下工程喷锚支护系统的不确定性研究[J].西部探矿工程,1996,8(1):5-9
[7]杨成永,张弥,白小亮.用于结构可靠度分析的多响应面方法[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,25(1):1-4
[8]杨成永、张弥、白小亮.隧道喷射混凝土衬砌结构可靠度分析的位移方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):266-269
[9]谢圣娴、杨成永、杨菁轩.不同拟合曲线对结构可靠度分析位移方法的适应性[J].北方交通大学学报,2003,27(1):84-86
[10]David.W.Mokarem.Development of concrete shrinkage performance specifications [D].Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.2002,5
[11]Z.P.Bazant.Prediction of concrete creep and shrinkage:past,present and future [J].Nuclear Engineering and Design.2001,203:27-38.
[12]Model Code for Concrete Structures:CEB-FIP International Recommendations [S].Paris:[sn],1978.
[13]CEB欧洲国际混凝土委员会.1990年CEB-FIP模式规范(混凝土结构)[S].中国建筑科学研究院结构所规范室译.1991,12:57-70
[14]ACI Committee 209(1982).Prediction of Creep,shrinkage,and temperature effects in concrete structures(ACI209R-82[S].Part 1.Amercian Concrete Institue,209R1982
[15]ACI Committee 209(1992).Prediction of creep,shrinkage,and temperature effects in concrete structures(209R-92)[S].Part 1.Amercian Concrete Institue,209R1992
[16]BS 5400:Part 4:1984.Code of Practice for Design of Concrete Bridges[S].British Standard Institute,1984
[17]英国标准协会.中国建筑科学研究院结构所规范室译.BS 8110《英国混凝土结构规范》[S].1993,5:191-195
[18]Z.P.Bazant and S.Baweja.Creep and Shrinkage Prediction Model for Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures Model B3[J].RELEM Recommendation.Materialsand Structures,1995(28):357-365
[19]Z.P.Bazant.Prediction of concrete creep efects using age-adjusted efective modulus method[J].ACI Materials Journal,69:212-217
[20]Z.P.Bazant,L Panula.Creep and Shrinkage Characterization for Analyzing Prestressed Concrete Structures[J].PCI Journal,1980,25(3):86-122.
[21]N.J.Gardner,J.W.Zhao.Creep and Shrinkage Revisited[J].ACI Materials Journal,1993,90(3):236-246
[22]N.J.Gardner,M.J.Lockman.Design Provisions for Drying Shrinkagea nd Creep of Normal-Strength Concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,2001,98(2):159-167
[23]林南熏.混凝土徐变的试验研究[J].华南工学院学报,1965(12)
[24]朱伯芳.混凝土的弹性模量、徐变度与应力松弛系数[J].水利学报,1985(9):54-61
[25]龚洛书,惠满印,杨蓓.硅收缩与徐变的实用数学表达式[J].建筑结构学报,1988(5):37-41
[26]龚洛书,惠满印等.混凝土收缩与徐变的试验研究[R].建筑科学研究报告,中国建筑科学研究院,1987,No.4-1
[27]苏清洪,加筋混凝土收缩徐变的试验研究[J].桥梁建设,1994(4):11-181
[28]卫军,赵红京.干燥地区混凝土徐变、收缩估算体系及验证[J].华中科技大学学报,2001,29(7):109-110
[29]吴胜兴.混凝土结构的温度应力与温度裂缝控制研究[D].河海大学博士论文.1994
[30]黄国兴,惠荣炎.混凝土的收缩[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990,p1-102
[31]惠荣炎,黄国兴.混凝土的蠕变[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990,p1-92,p121-186
[32]周履,陈永春.收缩蠕变[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994,30-52
[33]L.Malmgren,E.Nordlund and S.Rolund.Adhesion strength and shrinkage of shotcrete [J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2005(20):33-48
[34]Jérome Sercombe,Christian Hellmich,Franz-Josef Ulm and Herbert Mang.Modeling of early-age creep of shotcrete.I:Model and Model parameters[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(3):284-291
[35]Christian Hellmich,Jérome Sercombe,Franz-Josef Ulm and Herbert Mang.Modeling of early-age creep of shotcrete.Ⅱ:application to tunneling[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(3):292-299
[36]悉尼·明德斯,J·弗朗西斯·扬.方秋英等译.混凝土[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[37]冯乃谦.新实用混凝土大全[M].北京:科学出版社.2005.p379-385
[38]蔡正泳,混凝土性能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1979
[39]雍本.特种混凝土设计与施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2005.p1320-1348
[40]程良奎,杨志银.喷射混凝土与土钉墙[M].北京:建筑工业出版社.1998.p35-60
[41]郭成举.混凝土的物理和化学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[42]Rajeev Goel,Ram Kumar,Suraj Parkashand D.K.Paul.Prediction of creep and shrinkage strains in prestressed concrete bridges[J].Advances in Bridge Engineering,2006(3):543-554
[43]Jian-Ping Lain.Evaluation of concrete shrinkage and creep prediction models[D].San Jose State university,2002(5)
[44]David W.Mokarem,Development of Concrete Shrinkage Performance Specifications [D].Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.2002.
[45]A.M.Neville,W.H.Dilger and J.J.Brooks.Creep of plain and structural Concrete.Construction Press,London and New York,1982
[46]Akthem Al-Manaseer,Jian-Ping Lain.Statistical Evaluation of Shrinkage and Creep Models[J].ACI Material Journal technical papers:102-119
[47]A.M.内维尔.李国泮,马贞勇译.混凝土的性能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1983,12:650-781
[48]陈志华.混凝土徐变预测模型的对比分析[J].桥梁建设.2006(5):76-85
[49]丁文盛,吕志涛,孟少平等.混凝土收缩徐变预测模型的分析比较[J].桥梁建设,2004(6):13-16.
[50]石现峰,梁志广,李建中.几种常用混凝上收缩徐变模式的比较分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1998(3):8-13
[51]JTG D62-2004 公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范[S]2004
[52]JTJ 023-85,公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范[S]1985
[53]刘高平,熊莉娜.混凝土徐变分析[J].武汉科技学院学报 2006,19(5):6-9
[54]沈小康,刘大超.影响水泥混凝土徐变的作用机理研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2006,4(3):63-66
[55]李光伟.粉煤灰掺量对混凝土徐变性能的研究[J].水电工程研究.1994,2(1):12-14
[56]贾兆武.大峡工程低微水泥混凝土徐变变形研究[J].陕西水力发电,1992,8(3):44-49
[57]Rafael Manzamrez and Miroslav Olmer.Parrorts Ferry Bridge Rerofit[J].T.y.Lin International,1994,10(1)
[58]刘忠.混凝土徐变收缩的递推AEMM法[J].重庆交通学院学报,1994 13(5):31-34.
[59]罗灿明.龙滩水电站坝基混凝土徐变试验研究[J].红水河,1994,13(3):19-24.
[60]李承木.二滩拱坝原级配混凝土徐变试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2000:20(1):30-33
[61]P.P.Oreste.A procedure for determining the reaction curve of shotcrete lining considering transient conditions[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2003,36(3):209-236
[62]周德培译.考虑岩体和喷射混凝土与时间相关性的隧道设计[J].世界隧道,1995(2):52-54
[63]董新平,谷胜利,周顺华.地下工程喷射混凝土材料时间效应的有限元模拟[J].河南科学.2006,24(1):104-106
[64]景诗庭.地下结构可靠度分析研究之进展[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1995,8(2):13-18
[65]重庆建筑工程学院,南京工学院.混凝土学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1981(7):73-128
[66]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路隧道设计规范TB 10003-99[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999
[67]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路隧道喷锚构筑法技术规范TB 10108-2002[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[68]中华人民共和国国家标准.铁路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准GB 50216-94[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995