西安地铁黄土地层中盾构隧道地表沉降控制理论与技术
|
摘要
以西安地铁2号线永宁门-钟楼-北大街段隧道的盾构施工为工程背景,充分考虑西安地区黄土地层的特性,基于土力学基础理论,分析了盾构施工引起隧道上方地层变形与失稳的规律,计算了隧道上部土层的压力,总结和分析了施工引起的地表沉降发展过程与空间分布规律,给出了盾构隧道施工引起地层变形的弹塑性分析方法,并完成了数值分析结果。进一步推导了维持盾构施工中开挖面土体稳定的支护力计算公式,提出有效控制盾构施工引起地表沉降的方法,确定了影响地表沉降的土力学参数和盾构施工参数与隧道施工中有效控制地表沉降的技术措施,并将研究成果应用于盾构隧道施工穿越永宁门城墙、护城河、钟楼等古建筑物群工程中,指导了施工方法和施工过程。经地表沉降监测数据反馈,表明了施工方法和过程管理的正确性和有效性,对其他类似工程的施工方法及技术措施选择将具有十分重要的参考价值。
Considering the specific characteristics of loess geologic strata in xi'an, and with the help of soil mechanics theory, it's analyzed for the constitution law of Stratum deformation and instability caused by tunnel construction, as the background of Xi'an Metro Line2TJSG-13section, from YongNing Gate station to the North Street station. It calculates the pressure of the layers above the tunnel, summarizes and analyzes the process of ground surface settlement, provides the elastic-plastic analysis method of strata deformation and completed the results of numerical analysis. And the formula of the excavation face soil stability supporting force is derived in this paper. According to the formula, the soil mechanics parameters and shield construction parameters which may influence the ground surface subsidence are found and effective technical measures to control of the ground surface settlement was established. These study results were used in the engineering of shield tunnel underneath the ancient building group such as the walls and moat of the YongNing Gate as well as the Clock Tower and the construction methods and construction process were guided. The surface subsidence monitoring data feedback proved the correctness and effectiveness of the construction method and process management.
Considering the specific characteristics of loess geologic strata in xi'an, and with the help of soil mechanics theory, it's analyzed for the constitution law of Stratum deformation and instability caused by tunnel construction, as the background of Xi'an Metro Line2TJSG-13section, from YongNing Gate station to the North Street station. It calculates the pressure of the layers above the tunnel, summarizes and analyzes the process of ground surface settlement, provides the elastic-plastic analysis method of strata deformation and completed the results of numerical analysis. And the formula of the excavation face soil stability supporting force is derived in this paper. According to the formula, the soil mechanics parameters and shield construction parameters which may influence the ground surface subsidence are found and effective technical measures to control of the ground surface settlement was established. These study results were used in the engineering of shield tunnel underneath the ancient building group such as the walls and moat of the YongNing Gate as well as the Clock Tower and the construction methods and construction process were guided. The surface subsidence monitoring data feedback proved the correctness and effectiveness of the construction method and process management.
引文
1 于书翰,杜谟远.隧道施工.北京：人民交通出版社,2001.183-185
2 铁道第一勘察设计院.西安市快速轨道交通2号线岩土工程勘察报告.西安,2005
3 张同义,高健,乔金丽,等.隧道盾构掘进土力学.天津：天津大学出版社,2010：1-3
4 贺永年,刘志强.隧道工程.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2002：137-138
5 刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法施工.北京：中国铁道出版社,1991
6 张志勇.盾构施工对周围环境影响研究综述.现代隧道技术,2002,39(2)：7-11
7 钱七虎.迎接我国城市地下空间开发高潮.岩土工程学报,1998,(1)：112-113
8 中铁隧道集团.地面建筑物和地下管线保护.武汉长江隧道工程总承包投标文件,2004
9 傅德明.我国隧道盾构掘进机技术的发展历程(上)[J].建设科技,2002,(08)
1 0郭陕云.论我国隧道和地下工程技术的研究和发展[J].隧道建设,2004,(05)
11 周顺华.我国城市轨道交通地下工程的施工技术现状与发展[J].城市轨道交通研究,2004,(2)：34-37
12张建新.软土隧道主要施工方法-盾构隧道的发展[J]科学之友,2010,(17)
13张志勇.李淑海.城市矩形隧道的应用与施工工艺的发展[J].施工技术,2009,(S1)
14席锦州.隧道盾构法施工引起的地表沉降及现场监测.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(s1)：1814-1820
15孙钧.地铁隧道盾构掘进施工市区的环境土工安全技术标准及变形与沉降控制.世界隧道,2000：223-240
16易宏伟.盾构施工对土体扰动与地层位移影响的研究[D].上海：同济大学,1999
17金明,司翔宇,杨平.地铁隧道盾构施工参数对地表沉降影响的试验研究[J].现代城市轨道交通,2009,(05)：32-34
18丛恩伟.北京地铁盾构法施工引起地表沉降的分析与预测研究[D].天津大学,2004
19黄宏伟,张冬梅.盾构隧道施工引起的地表沉降及现场监控[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,(S1)
20张云,殷宗泽,徐永福.盾构法隧道引起的地表变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,(03)
21 马紫娟,干李管,刘红兵.土压平衡盾构双线隧道施工引起的地表沉降规律研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2007,(04)
22张云军,宰金珉,王旭东.隧道开挖对周围土体的影响分析[A].首届全国建筑结构技术交流会论文集[C].2006
23韩煊.隧道施工引起地层位移及建筑物变形预测的实用方法研究fD].西安理工大学.2007
24林辉,吴文彪.广州地铁四号线车黄区间盾构施上参数优化与地表沉降控制[J].广东土木与建筑,2010,(08)
25边金,陶连金郭军.盾构隧道开挖引起的地表沉降规律[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,(02)
26潘海泽,蒋冰玉,黄涛.Peck公式在天津隧道盾构施工地面沉降预测中的适用性分析[J].测绘科学.2010,(03)
27贾嘉陵.湿陷性黄土地层盾构施工引发地层变形特性研究[D].北京交通大学,2008
28刘联伟.复合地层中盾构法建设地铁地表沉降规律研究[D].中国矿业大学,2009
29刘长文,陈怿凡,李旭东.考虑空间效应的深基坑周围地表沉降分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(02)
30王建秀.付慧仙,朱雁飞,唐益群,杨坪.基于地层损失的盾构沉降计算方法研究进展[J].地下空间与上程学报,2010,(01)
31 任松,姜德义,杨春和.基于遗传算法的浅埋隧道开挖地表沉降神经网络预测[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2006,(03)
32刘红兵.王李管.张良辉,戴碧波,荆永滨.基于人工神经网络技术的隧道地表沉降预测[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,(02)
33王穗辉,潘国荣.人工神经网络在隧道地表变形预测中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,(10)
34孙钧,袁金荣.盾构施工扰动与地层移动及其智能神经网络预测[J].岩土工程学报,2001,(03)
35侯喜冬.盾构施工引起地表沉降的BP神经网络预测[J].隧道建设,2007,(03)
36王利丰.孙树林.曹继平.盾构施工引起地表变形的人工神经网络研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,(05)
37 白李妍,张弥.隧道工程环境影响的动态优化控制.岩石力学与上程学报.2002,21(3)：393-398
38李建华.盾构法隧道施工引起地层移动的模糊—随机理论预测与控制研究[Dl.上海：同济大学,1995
39潘国荣,王慧辉,刘大杰.预测地铁施工中地表变形的动态测量方法.同济大学学报,2001,29(3)：294-298
40蒋洪胜,侯学渊.盾构掘进对隧道周围土层扰动的理论与实测分析.岩石力学与工程学报.200,29(9)：1514-1520
41 刘维宁,张弥,邝明广.城市地下工程环境影响的控制理论及其应用.土木工程学报.1997,30(5)：66-75
42 吴波,高波,蒋正华,等.地铁隧道施工对地表沉降优化研究.现代隧道技术.2003,40(3)： 42-46
43张文庆,朱忠隆,杨俊文,等.盾构推进引起土体扰动理论分析及试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报.1999,18(6)：699-703
44李宁,顾强康,朱才辉,苏立海.西安地铁二号线下穿古城墙段地表沉降控制标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,(S2)
45张荫,赵冬,陈平.西安古城墙抗倾覆稳定性及城门洞承载力分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(03)
46雷永生.西安地铁二号线下穿城墙及钟楼保护措施研究[J].岩土力学,2010,(01)
47朱才辉,李宁,张志强.西安黄土地层盾构施工诱发地面沉降规律分析与预测.岩土工程学报.2007,32(7)：1087-1095
48朱红坤,郭师虹.西安地铁盾构施工中地表沉降监测技术的研究.陕西建筑.2009,174(12)：55-56
49尹旅超,朱振宏,李玉珍.日本隧道盾构新技术.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,1999
50 Peck. R. B. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground. Proc.7th Int. Conf. SMFE. Mexico City. State of the Art Volume.1969,225-290
51 Attewell. P. B.. Glossop. N. H. and Farmer. W. Ground deformations caused by tunneling in soils. Ground Engineering.1978,15 (8):32-41
52 Mair. R. J., Taylor, R. N. and Bracegirdle. A. Subsurface settlement profile above tunnels in clay. Geotechnique.1993,43 (2):315-320
53 Fujita K. On the surface settlements caused by various methods of shield tunneling. in 11th ICSMFE. SanFranceisco:1981,609-610
54 Schmidt. B. Settlements and movements associated with tunneling in soils. Phd Thesis. University of Illinios. Urbana.1969
55 Mair. R. J., Taylor, R. N. Bored tunneling in the urban environment. In:14th ICSMFE. Rotterdam. The Netherlands press.1993,1352-1375
56刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道.北京：中国铁道出版社,1991
57 Attewell, P.B., and Woodman. J.P. (1982) Predicting the dynamics of ground settlement and its derivatives caused by tunnelling in soil. Ground engineering. Nov,1982.13-22.36
58 Peck R B. Tunneling in soil [A].10th ICSMFE [C]. Stockholm:[s. n.].1981.607-628
59 Attewell R B. Yeates J. Tunnelling in soil [A]. Ground Movements and Their Effects on Structures[M]. Edited by Attewell P B. Taylor R K. New York:Survey University Press.1984.132-215
60 Suchatvee Suwansawat. Herbert H. Einstein, Artificial neural networks for predicting the maximum surface settlement caused by EPB shield tunneling, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21 (2): 130-150
61 刘启中.施一萍,白英彩.基于BP神经网络的盾构施上变形预测[J].计算机应用与软件,2005,(04)
62 R.P. Chen. J. Zhu. W. Liu. X.W. Tang. Ground movement induced by parallel EPB tunnels in silty soils. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011.26 (1):163-174
63 Wei-1. Chou. Antonio Bobet, Predictions of ground deformations in shallow tunnels in clay, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2002,17 (1):3-19
64 Finno R J. Clough G W. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunnelling.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1985,111(2):155-173
65 Suwansawat S. Einstein H H. Artificial neural networks for predicting the maximum surface settlement caused by EPB shield tunneling.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(2):133-150
66 Chiorboli,M.A.Marcheselli.P.P. Analysis and control of subsidence due to earth pressure shield tunneling in Passante Ferroviario of Milano.Proceedings of International Conference on North American Tunneling 96. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996.97-106
67孙钧,袁金荣.盾构施工扰动与地层移动及其智能神经网络预测.岩土工程学报,2001
68陶龙光,刘波,丁成刚,等.盾构过地铁车站对地表沉降影响的数值模拟.中国矿业大学学报.2003,32(3)：236-240
69孙钧,刘洪洲.交叠隧道盾构法施工土体变形的三维数值模拟.同济大学学报.2002,30(4)：379-385
70丁宁,朱合华.盾构隧道施工地表变形分析与三维有限元模拟.岩土力学.2004,35(8)：1330-1334
71 潘景副.北京地铁5号线盾构法隧道施工三维有限元数值模拟.岩土工程界.1993,7(7)：79-80
72刘招伟,王梦恕,董新平.地铁隧道盾构法施工引起的地表沉降分析.岩石力学与工程学报.2003,22(8)：1297-1301
73 张云,殷宗泽,徐永福.盾构法隧道引起的地表变形分析.岩石力学与工程学报.2002,12(3)：388-392
74 Dolezalova. M. Approaches of numerical modeling of ground movement s due to shallow tunneling. In:Soil structure interaction in urban civil engineering 2002,2:365-373
75 李宁,辛有良,韩煊.华盛顿地铁福特—图特站的仿真分析.西安大学学报.1996,12(4)：324-329
76 Addenbrooke. T.I. Numerical analysis of tunneling in stiff clay. Ph.D. Thesis. Imperial college. University of London,1996
77 Dias. D., Kastner. R. and Maghazi. Three dimensional simulation of slurry shield in tunneling. Proc. of the international symposium on geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft soil ground. Balkma. Rotterdam.2000,351-356
78 Simpson. B. Atkinson.J. H. Jovicic. V. the influence of anisotropy on calculation of ground settlements above tunnels. Proc. of the international symposium on geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft soil ground. Balkma, Rotterdam.1996,591-594
79 G Oettle, R. F. Stark, G Hofstetter. A Comparison of Elastic-plastic Soil Models for 2D Finite Element Analyses of Tunneling. Computers and Geotechnics.1998,23:59-67
80 R. k. POWE, K. M. Lee. An Evaluation of Simplified Techniques for Estimating Three-Dimensional Undrained Ground Movements due to Tunneling in Soils. Canada Geotech.1992,29:39-52
81 Chungsik Yoo. Finite Element Analysis of Tunnel Face Reinforced by Longitudinal Pipes, Computers and Geotechnics.2002,29:73-94
82 Finno, R. J., Clough, G W. Evaluation of Soil Response of EPB Shield Tunneling, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1985, 111 (2):157-173
83 O. Y. Ezzeldine. Estimation of the Surface Displacement Field due to Construction of Cairo Metro Line El Khalafawy-St. Therese. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.1999,14 (3):267-279
84 G Swoboda. A. Abu-Krisha. Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling for TBM Tunneling in Consolidated Clay. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.1999,14 (8):327-333
85李桂花.盾构法施工引起的地表沉陷的估算方法.同济大学学报.1986,14(2)：253-261
86朱合华,丁其文.盾构隧道施工过程模拟分析.岩石力学与上程学报.1999,18：860-864
87朱合华,丁文其.李晓军.盾构隧道施上力学性态模拟及工程应用[J].土木上程学报,2000,(03)：98-103
88张志强,何川.深圳地铁隧道邻近桩基施工力学行为研究.岩土工程.2003,25(2)：204-207
89季业平.考虑施工过程的盾构隧道地层位移与土压力的研究.南京：河海大学,2004:26-28
90刘洪洲,孙均.软土隧道盾构推进中地表沉降影响因素的数值方法研究.现代隧道技术.2002,5
91 赵树德,廖红建,徐林荣.高等工程地质学.北京：机械工业出版社,2005,315-332
92干奎华.岩土工程勘察.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005,36-38
93刘祖典.黄土力学与工程.西安：陕西科学技术出版社,1996
94西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线一期工程(钟楼—南门区间)详细勘察,2006
95陶龙光,巴肇轮.城市地下上程[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
96郅彬.西安地铁隧道盾构施工开挖面稳定性及盾构支护力研究[D].西安科技大学,2010
97 Bhams B B, Bennermark H. Stability of Clay at Vertical Openings [J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanicals and Foundation Division.1967,93 (1):71-94
98 Horn M. Horizontaler. Erddruck auf Senkrechte. A bschlussflachen von Tunneln[M]. Budapest Landskonferens der ungarischen Tiefbauindustrie,1961 (in German)
99 Maidl B, Herrenknetcht M, Ancheuscr I.. Mechanised Shield Tunneling [M]. Berlin:Ernst & Sohn Verlag filr Architektur and techn.1966
100 Onq. K Y. Yamata M O. A study of arching effects of sand ground around a tunnel. Proc. of JSCE.1983. 137-146
101周小文,濮家骝,包承钢.隧道拱冠砂土位移与破坏的离心实验研究.岩土力学.1999,20(2)：32-36
102日本土木学会(朱伟译).隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说.北京：中国建筑上业出版社,2001
103刘斌,沙成满,张锋春.高等土力学.北京：地质出版社,2008,1-24
104李广信.高等土力学.北京：清华大学出版社,2004,22-41
105廖红建,赵树德.岩土工程测试.北京：机械工业出版社,2007
106孟高头.土体工程勘察原位测试及其上程应用.北京：高等教育出版社,2001
107吴亮,颜治国,刘文静.地铁线路穿越钟楼的预加固及盾构施工措施,建设机械技术与管理,2009年第09期：112-113
108颜治国.双线盾构穿越永宁门城墙的沉降预测分析.科技创新导报,2009年第36期总第144期：34
109颜治国,江玉生,刘殿书,吴亮.双线盾构超近距离施工数值模拟与工程实例研究.科技促进发展,2009年第12期总第61期：132-133
110铁道第二勘察设计院.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003-2005).中国铁道出版社,2005
2 铁道第一勘察设计院.西安市快速轨道交通2号线岩土工程勘察报告.西安,2005
3 张同义,高健,乔金丽,等.隧道盾构掘进土力学.天津：天津大学出版社,2010：1-3
4 贺永年,刘志强.隧道工程.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2002：137-138
5 刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法施工.北京：中国铁道出版社,1991
6 张志勇.盾构施工对周围环境影响研究综述.现代隧道技术,2002,39(2)：7-11
7 钱七虎.迎接我国城市地下空间开发高潮.岩土工程学报,1998,(1)：112-113
8 中铁隧道集团.地面建筑物和地下管线保护.武汉长江隧道工程总承包投标文件,2004
9 傅德明.我国隧道盾构掘进机技术的发展历程(上)[J].建设科技,2002,(08)
1 0郭陕云.论我国隧道和地下工程技术的研究和发展[J].隧道建设,2004,(05)
11 周顺华.我国城市轨道交通地下工程的施工技术现状与发展[J].城市轨道交通研究,2004,(2)：34-37
12张建新.软土隧道主要施工方法-盾构隧道的发展[J]科学之友,2010,(17)
13张志勇.李淑海.城市矩形隧道的应用与施工工艺的发展[J].施工技术,2009,(S1)
14席锦州.隧道盾构法施工引起的地表沉降及现场监测.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(s1)：1814-1820
15孙钧.地铁隧道盾构掘进施工市区的环境土工安全技术标准及变形与沉降控制.世界隧道,2000：223-240
16易宏伟.盾构施工对土体扰动与地层位移影响的研究[D].上海：同济大学,1999
17金明,司翔宇,杨平.地铁隧道盾构施工参数对地表沉降影响的试验研究[J].现代城市轨道交通,2009,(05)：32-34
18丛恩伟.北京地铁盾构法施工引起地表沉降的分析与预测研究[D].天津大学,2004
19黄宏伟,张冬梅.盾构隧道施工引起的地表沉降及现场监控[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,(S1)
20张云,殷宗泽,徐永福.盾构法隧道引起的地表变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,(03)
21 马紫娟,干李管,刘红兵.土压平衡盾构双线隧道施工引起的地表沉降规律研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2007,(04)
22张云军,宰金珉,王旭东.隧道开挖对周围土体的影响分析[A].首届全国建筑结构技术交流会论文集[C].2006
23韩煊.隧道施工引起地层位移及建筑物变形预测的实用方法研究fD].西安理工大学.2007
24林辉,吴文彪.广州地铁四号线车黄区间盾构施上参数优化与地表沉降控制[J].广东土木与建筑,2010,(08)
25边金,陶连金郭军.盾构隧道开挖引起的地表沉降规律[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,(02)
26潘海泽,蒋冰玉,黄涛.Peck公式在天津隧道盾构施工地面沉降预测中的适用性分析[J].测绘科学.2010,(03)
27贾嘉陵.湿陷性黄土地层盾构施工引发地层变形特性研究[D].北京交通大学,2008
28刘联伟.复合地层中盾构法建设地铁地表沉降规律研究[D].中国矿业大学,2009
29刘长文,陈怿凡,李旭东.考虑空间效应的深基坑周围地表沉降分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(02)
30王建秀.付慧仙,朱雁飞,唐益群,杨坪.基于地层损失的盾构沉降计算方法研究进展[J].地下空间与上程学报,2010,(01)
31 任松,姜德义,杨春和.基于遗传算法的浅埋隧道开挖地表沉降神经网络预测[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2006,(03)
32刘红兵.王李管.张良辉,戴碧波,荆永滨.基于人工神经网络技术的隧道地表沉降预测[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,(02)
33王穗辉,潘国荣.人工神经网络在隧道地表变形预测中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,(10)
34孙钧,袁金荣.盾构施工扰动与地层移动及其智能神经网络预测[J].岩土工程学报,2001,(03)
35侯喜冬.盾构施工引起地表沉降的BP神经网络预测[J].隧道建设,2007,(03)
36王利丰.孙树林.曹继平.盾构施工引起地表变形的人工神经网络研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,(05)
37 白李妍,张弥.隧道工程环境影响的动态优化控制.岩石力学与上程学报.2002,21(3)：393-398
38李建华.盾构法隧道施工引起地层移动的模糊—随机理论预测与控制研究[Dl.上海：同济大学,1995
39潘国荣,王慧辉,刘大杰.预测地铁施工中地表变形的动态测量方法.同济大学学报,2001,29(3)：294-298
40蒋洪胜,侯学渊.盾构掘进对隧道周围土层扰动的理论与实测分析.岩石力学与工程学报.200,29(9)：1514-1520
41 刘维宁,张弥,邝明广.城市地下工程环境影响的控制理论及其应用.土木工程学报.1997,30(5)：66-75
42 吴波,高波,蒋正华,等.地铁隧道施工对地表沉降优化研究.现代隧道技术.2003,40(3)： 42-46
43张文庆,朱忠隆,杨俊文,等.盾构推进引起土体扰动理论分析及试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报.1999,18(6)：699-703
44李宁,顾强康,朱才辉,苏立海.西安地铁二号线下穿古城墙段地表沉降控制标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,(S2)
45张荫,赵冬,陈平.西安古城墙抗倾覆稳定性及城门洞承载力分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(03)
46雷永生.西安地铁二号线下穿城墙及钟楼保护措施研究[J].岩土力学,2010,(01)
47朱才辉,李宁,张志强.西安黄土地层盾构施工诱发地面沉降规律分析与预测.岩土工程学报.2007,32(7)：1087-1095
48朱红坤,郭师虹.西安地铁盾构施工中地表沉降监测技术的研究.陕西建筑.2009,174(12)：55-56
49尹旅超,朱振宏,李玉珍.日本隧道盾构新技术.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,1999
50 Peck. R. B. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground. Proc.7th Int. Conf. SMFE. Mexico City. State of the Art Volume.1969,225-290
51 Attewell. P. B.. Glossop. N. H. and Farmer. W. Ground deformations caused by tunneling in soils. Ground Engineering.1978,15 (8):32-41
52 Mair. R. J., Taylor, R. N. and Bracegirdle. A. Subsurface settlement profile above tunnels in clay. Geotechnique.1993,43 (2):315-320
53 Fujita K. On the surface settlements caused by various methods of shield tunneling. in 11th ICSMFE. SanFranceisco:1981,609-610
54 Schmidt. B. Settlements and movements associated with tunneling in soils. Phd Thesis. University of Illinios. Urbana.1969
55 Mair. R. J., Taylor, R. N. Bored tunneling in the urban environment. In:14th ICSMFE. Rotterdam. The Netherlands press.1993,1352-1375
56刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道.北京：中国铁道出版社,1991
57 Attewell, P.B., and Woodman. J.P. (1982) Predicting the dynamics of ground settlement and its derivatives caused by tunnelling in soil. Ground engineering. Nov,1982.13-22.36
58 Peck R B. Tunneling in soil [A].10th ICSMFE [C]. Stockholm:[s. n.].1981.607-628
59 Attewell R B. Yeates J. Tunnelling in soil [A]. Ground Movements and Their Effects on Structures[M]. Edited by Attewell P B. Taylor R K. New York:Survey University Press.1984.132-215
60 Suchatvee Suwansawat. Herbert H. Einstein, Artificial neural networks for predicting the maximum surface settlement caused by EPB shield tunneling, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21 (2): 130-150
61 刘启中.施一萍,白英彩.基于BP神经网络的盾构施上变形预测[J].计算机应用与软件,2005,(04)
62 R.P. Chen. J. Zhu. W. Liu. X.W. Tang. Ground movement induced by parallel EPB tunnels in silty soils. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011.26 (1):163-174
63 Wei-1. Chou. Antonio Bobet, Predictions of ground deformations in shallow tunnels in clay, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2002,17 (1):3-19
64 Finno R J. Clough G W. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunnelling.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1985,111(2):155-173
65 Suwansawat S. Einstein H H. Artificial neural networks for predicting the maximum surface settlement caused by EPB shield tunneling.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(2):133-150
66 Chiorboli,M.A.Marcheselli.P.P. Analysis and control of subsidence due to earth pressure shield tunneling in Passante Ferroviario of Milano.Proceedings of International Conference on North American Tunneling 96. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996.97-106
67孙钧,袁金荣.盾构施工扰动与地层移动及其智能神经网络预测.岩土工程学报,2001
68陶龙光,刘波,丁成刚,等.盾构过地铁车站对地表沉降影响的数值模拟.中国矿业大学学报.2003,32(3)：236-240
69孙钧,刘洪洲.交叠隧道盾构法施工土体变形的三维数值模拟.同济大学学报.2002,30(4)：379-385
70丁宁,朱合华.盾构隧道施工地表变形分析与三维有限元模拟.岩土力学.2004,35(8)：1330-1334
71 潘景副.北京地铁5号线盾构法隧道施工三维有限元数值模拟.岩土工程界.1993,7(7)：79-80
72刘招伟,王梦恕,董新平.地铁隧道盾构法施工引起的地表沉降分析.岩石力学与工程学报.2003,22(8)：1297-1301
73 张云,殷宗泽,徐永福.盾构法隧道引起的地表变形分析.岩石力学与工程学报.2002,12(3)：388-392
74 Dolezalova. M. Approaches of numerical modeling of ground movement s due to shallow tunneling. In:Soil structure interaction in urban civil engineering 2002,2:365-373
75 李宁,辛有良,韩煊.华盛顿地铁福特—图特站的仿真分析.西安大学学报.1996,12(4)：324-329
76 Addenbrooke. T.I. Numerical analysis of tunneling in stiff clay. Ph.D. Thesis. Imperial college. University of London,1996
77 Dias. D., Kastner. R. and Maghazi. Three dimensional simulation of slurry shield in tunneling. Proc. of the international symposium on geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft soil ground. Balkma. Rotterdam.2000,351-356
78 Simpson. B. Atkinson.J. H. Jovicic. V. the influence of anisotropy on calculation of ground settlements above tunnels. Proc. of the international symposium on geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft soil ground. Balkma, Rotterdam.1996,591-594
79 G Oettle, R. F. Stark, G Hofstetter. A Comparison of Elastic-plastic Soil Models for 2D Finite Element Analyses of Tunneling. Computers and Geotechnics.1998,23:59-67
80 R. k. POWE, K. M. Lee. An Evaluation of Simplified Techniques for Estimating Three-Dimensional Undrained Ground Movements due to Tunneling in Soils. Canada Geotech.1992,29:39-52
81 Chungsik Yoo. Finite Element Analysis of Tunnel Face Reinforced by Longitudinal Pipes, Computers and Geotechnics.2002,29:73-94
82 Finno, R. J., Clough, G W. Evaluation of Soil Response of EPB Shield Tunneling, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1985, 111 (2):157-173
83 O. Y. Ezzeldine. Estimation of the Surface Displacement Field due to Construction of Cairo Metro Line El Khalafawy-St. Therese. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.1999,14 (3):267-279
84 G Swoboda. A. Abu-Krisha. Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling for TBM Tunneling in Consolidated Clay. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.1999,14 (8):327-333
85李桂花.盾构法施工引起的地表沉陷的估算方法.同济大学学报.1986,14(2)：253-261
86朱合华,丁其文.盾构隧道施工过程模拟分析.岩石力学与上程学报.1999,18：860-864
87朱合华,丁文其.李晓军.盾构隧道施上力学性态模拟及工程应用[J].土木上程学报,2000,(03)：98-103
88张志强,何川.深圳地铁隧道邻近桩基施工力学行为研究.岩土工程.2003,25(2)：204-207
89季业平.考虑施工过程的盾构隧道地层位移与土压力的研究.南京：河海大学,2004:26-28
90刘洪洲,孙均.软土隧道盾构推进中地表沉降影响因素的数值方法研究.现代隧道技术.2002,5
91 赵树德,廖红建,徐林荣.高等工程地质学.北京：机械工业出版社,2005,315-332
92干奎华.岩土工程勘察.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005,36-38
93刘祖典.黄土力学与工程.西安：陕西科学技术出版社,1996
94西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线一期工程(钟楼—南门区间)详细勘察,2006
95陶龙光,巴肇轮.城市地下上程[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
96郅彬.西安地铁隧道盾构施工开挖面稳定性及盾构支护力研究[D].西安科技大学,2010
97 Bhams B B, Bennermark H. Stability of Clay at Vertical Openings [J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanicals and Foundation Division.1967,93 (1):71-94
98 Horn M. Horizontaler. Erddruck auf Senkrechte. A bschlussflachen von Tunneln[M]. Budapest Landskonferens der ungarischen Tiefbauindustrie,1961 (in German)
99 Maidl B, Herrenknetcht M, Ancheuscr I.. Mechanised Shield Tunneling [M]. Berlin:Ernst & Sohn Verlag filr Architektur and techn.1966
100 Onq. K Y. Yamata M O. A study of arching effects of sand ground around a tunnel. Proc. of JSCE.1983. 137-146
101周小文,濮家骝,包承钢.隧道拱冠砂土位移与破坏的离心实验研究.岩土力学.1999,20(2)：32-36
102日本土木学会(朱伟译).隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说.北京：中国建筑上业出版社,2001
103刘斌,沙成满,张锋春.高等土力学.北京：地质出版社,2008,1-24
104李广信.高等土力学.北京：清华大学出版社,2004,22-41
105廖红建,赵树德.岩土工程测试.北京：机械工业出版社,2007
106孟高头.土体工程勘察原位测试及其上程应用.北京：高等教育出版社,2001
107吴亮,颜治国,刘文静.地铁线路穿越钟楼的预加固及盾构施工措施,建设机械技术与管理,2009年第09期：112-113
108颜治国.双线盾构穿越永宁门城墙的沉降预测分析.科技创新导报,2009年第36期总第144期：34
109颜治国,江玉生,刘殿书,吴亮.双线盾构超近距离施工数值模拟与工程实例研究.科技促进发展,2009年第12期总第61期：132-133
110铁道第二勘察设计院.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003-2005).中国铁道出版社,2005