沥青路面施工过程质量评价与支付方法研究
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摘要
现阶段我国的公路施工管理方式与公路建设的发展速度不相适应,施工过程中急需采用一定的控制措施保证工程质量。尤其是沥青路面在从原材料到成型过程中存在诸多方面的变异,无法保证沥青路面的质量和均匀性,引起了早期损坏。作为过程控制的最后一个环节-支付,我国采用的是传统的拒绝/接受程序,不能有效地将施工质量水平和最终的工程支付联系起来,无法从根本上调动承包商严格控制施工质量的积极性。
     本论文从变异性角度对沥青路面施工过程进行质量控制研究,提出了保证沥青路面均匀性的关键环节。并将支付调节纳入沥青路面质量过程控制范畴,通过支付调节作用于质量过程控制,以实现过程控制的目标型管理模式,建立一种更为合理的支付方式。
     通过现场数据采集分析和大量室内外试验验证的方法,对沥青路面施工过程中的原材料、混合料的拌和及混合料的运输、摊铺和碾压质量的变异性进行了研究,分析了发生原因,提出了沥青路面施工质量过程控制的关键环节。通过室内外系统试验研究,得出了不同级配类型下的沥青混合料运输和路面成型过程中的离析表现特征和发生规律,在混合料级配特征指标与离析评价指标之间建立了相关性;利用数理统计的方法,首次建立了可用于AC型沥青混合料离析程度预测的级配评价模型。通过大量对比试验,证明了无核密度仪用于路面压实质量和离析程度检测的可行性。
     通过对目前国内外沥青路面支付方式进行对比,对沥青路面支付调节进行理论分析,引入了基于沥青路面寿命周期费用分析的沥青路面支付调节方法,修正建立了沥青路面使用寿命预估模型。通过提出能够反映沥青路面施工质量整体性能的有效、简单的指标,实现了基于质量评价的支付调节。结合国内规范,提出了符合我国沥青路面施工和检测要求的沥青路面支付调节程序。结合国内现有的合同条款,给出了支付调节方法在工程中的实施方法。
     本研究将技术管理和支付手段相结合,一方面提高沥青路面的施工质量过程控制水平,一方面通过支付调节的方式促使承包商主动改进施工质量,以求进一步完善并改进我国沥青路面的施工管理体系。
At present, the methods to manage road construction can not match the development of road in China, so we need to take measures to guarantee the construction quality. Because of the variations that exist in the process of preparing material to the pavement shaping, the quality and homogeneity of pavement can not be guaranteed, which lead to the damage in the early age. In China, the traditional rejection/acceptance procedure is used for the payment which is the last step of the process quality control.In this procedure, the construction quality and the final engineering payment are not effectively related, so it is incapable to stimulate the contractor to control the construction quality strictly.
     In this paper, the quality control of the asphalt pavement construction is studied in the standpoint of variations. The key steps to assure the pavement homogeneity are pointed out. Furthermore, pay adjustment is introduced into the process quality control. With the pay adjustment acting on the process quality control, the goal management model can be obtained, which is a more reasonable payment manner.
     Through the data collection and analysis in field as well as lots of experiments in laboratory and outside, the variations that exist in material preparing, mixing, transportation, paving and rolling are studied. The factors that lead to these variations are analyzed, and the key steps in the process quality control are pointed out. After a series of experiments in laboratory and outside, the characteristics and rules of segregation that take place in the process of transportation and pavement shaping of different gradation type mixture are summarized. The correlativity between the gradation type index and the segregation evaluation index is built. With the mathematical statistics method, the gradation evaluation model which can be used for AC mixture to predict its segregation is built for the first time. We also confirmed that PQI can be used to examine the compaction quality and segregation through lots of comparison tests.
     By comparing the pay adjustment manners of the asphalt pavement at home and abroad, the theory of pay adjustment is analyzed, and a pay adjustment method based on the life cycle cost analysis is introduced, then, the asphalt pavement life prediction model is modified. With the effective and simple index which can reflect the whole construction quality of asphalt pavement, the pay adjustment based on the quality evaluation is achieved. Combined with the specification of our country, the pay adjustment procedure that meets the construction and inspection requirement of asphalt pavement is put forward. According to the contract terms of our country, the method to implement it is also put forward.
     The technology management and payment means are combined in this study. In one hand, the level of process quality control of asphalt pavement construction can be promoted, on the other hand, contractors can be stimulated to improve their construction quality positively by pay adjustment, which contribute to the improvement of the pavement construction management system of our country.
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