多语言智能信息服务系统项目计划研究
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摘要
随着中国经济的腾飞,越来越多的企业投身国际市场。但是“语言壁垒”逐渐成为企业发展的瓶颈。尽管国家培养语言人才每年递增,但数量依然远远不能满足市场的需求。另一方面随着技术的发展,语言智能信息处理技术作为一种新兴的解决方案在国际化方面起到越来越大的作用。“多语言智能信息服务网络系统”作为一个庞大的系统工程,不仅能建立支持多语种的语音和文本信息的采集、存储、互译、内容管理、信息发布和个性化人机交互的智能平台,而且能解决面向各种环境的多语言技术的智能化人性化服务的应用问题。由于本项目范围大,实施周期长,客户需求不明确,项目计划的制定将是项目成败的关键之一。
本文以“多语言智能信息服务系统”做为研究对象,着重研究软件项目计划的制定对软件实施的影响。文章首先阐述了制定项目计划对于成功建设大型复杂项目的研究意义,同时介绍了软件项目中所涉及的相关技术,其中包括:网络计划技术、项目过程建模及推动技术、资源优化配置技术以及项目运行监控技术。
本文着重分析了在以上技术的支撑下结合“多语言智能信息服务系统”的实际情况制定的项目计划。针对项目实施中的典型阶段进行分析,确定了项目目标,明确了项目成果,包括产物清单、文档清单等。同时提出了详尽的项目进度计划、项目资源计划等。
本文的最后,对多语言智能信息服务系统实施评价,评价表明,本项目基本按照项目计划进行实施,通过计划内的人力和其他资源建设完成一套集数据采集、多语言翻译、分类整理、确认发布等功能为一体的多语言智能信息服务系统。
As the Chinese economy soars, more and more enterprises are joining the international market. The language barrier has hindered many enterprises from developing. The quantity of multi-lingual professionals trained by the country currently can not satisfy the need of the marketplace, despite increases every year.
Multiple Language Intelligence Information Service Networks System (MLIISNS) is a comprehensive system. It not only needs to build an individual human-computer interaction intelligence platform, but also needs to resolve the application problems facing the use of multiple languages in various environments, while supporting technologies for personalization. The application should support multilingual pronunciation and version information acquisition, memorization, translation, and content and information announcement. Because of the customer’s indeterminate needs, the possibility of large project sizes, and long periods required to put it into practice, working out a good project plan will be key.
MLIISNS is the object of study of the thesis. It mainly studies how software project planning can implement the software. The thesis sets forth the research significance of working out a project plan for building this large-scale complicated project, it introduces technology relevant to the software project, including Network planning techniques, building models of project process and technologies, describes the most optimum distribution of technology resources, and situates the project's supervision technology.
This thesis will focus on analyzing the project planning basic on MLIISNS. For a project implementation typical stage of the analysis, defined project objectives, clarified the results of the project. Including product list, details of project plan, project resource planning.
Finally, the thesis examines the implementation of the MLIISNS. It illustrates how the project is implemented according to the project plan, with manpower and other resources of plan described.
本文以“多语言智能信息服务系统”做为研究对象,着重研究软件项目计划的制定对软件实施的影响。文章首先阐述了制定项目计划对于成功建设大型复杂项目的研究意义,同时介绍了软件项目中所涉及的相关技术,其中包括:网络计划技术、项目过程建模及推动技术、资源优化配置技术以及项目运行监控技术。
本文着重分析了在以上技术的支撑下结合“多语言智能信息服务系统”的实际情况制定的项目计划。针对项目实施中的典型阶段进行分析,确定了项目目标,明确了项目成果,包括产物清单、文档清单等。同时提出了详尽的项目进度计划、项目资源计划等。
本文的最后,对多语言智能信息服务系统实施评价,评价表明,本项目基本按照项目计划进行实施,通过计划内的人力和其他资源建设完成一套集数据采集、多语言翻译、分类整理、确认发布等功能为一体的多语言智能信息服务系统。
As the Chinese economy soars, more and more enterprises are joining the international market. The language barrier has hindered many enterprises from developing. The quantity of multi-lingual professionals trained by the country currently can not satisfy the need of the marketplace, despite increases every year.
Multiple Language Intelligence Information Service Networks System (MLIISNS) is a comprehensive system. It not only needs to build an individual human-computer interaction intelligence platform, but also needs to resolve the application problems facing the use of multiple languages in various environments, while supporting technologies for personalization. The application should support multilingual pronunciation and version information acquisition, memorization, translation, and content and information announcement. Because of the customer’s indeterminate needs, the possibility of large project sizes, and long periods required to put it into practice, working out a good project plan will be key.
MLIISNS is the object of study of the thesis. It mainly studies how software project planning can implement the software. The thesis sets forth the research significance of working out a project plan for building this large-scale complicated project, it introduces technology relevant to the software project, including Network planning techniques, building models of project process and technologies, describes the most optimum distribution of technology resources, and situates the project's supervision technology.
This thesis will focus on analyzing the project planning basic on MLIISNS. For a project implementation typical stage of the analysis, defined project objectives, clarified the results of the project. Including product list, details of project plan, project resource planning.
Finally, the thesis examines the implementation of the MLIISNS. It illustrates how the project is implemented according to the project plan, with manpower and other resources of plan described.
引文
[1] Wideman R M.Criteria for a project-management body of knowledge[J]. International Journal of Project Management,1995,13(2):71-75.
[2] Warren E Allen. Establishing some basic project-management body-of- knowledge concepts[J].International Journal of Project Management,1995,13(2):77-82.
[3] William RDuncan . Developing a project-management body-of-knowledge document: the US Project Management Institute’s approach[J]. International Journal of Project Management,1995,13(2)89-94.
[4]中国项目管理研究委员会.中国项目管理知识体系与国际项目管理专业资质认证标准[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[5]邱苑华等著.项目管理学.工程管理理论、方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]沈建明白思俊编著.国防高科技项目管理概论[M].北京:机械工业出版社.
[7]吴之明,卢有杰编著.项目管理引论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[8]杰克·吉多等.成功的项目管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[9]王清则庄玉斌.实用网络计划技术[M].北京:北京工业学院出版社,1988.
[10]江景波,葛震明,何治.网络技术原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,l997.
[11]刘元珍.决策关键线路法在网络计划优化中的应用研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2001.
[12] John B K.A comparison between the VERT program and other methods of project duration estimation[J].0mega,1987,15(2):129-134.
[13]陈狮星,徐培德,沙基昌.不定参数数值网络仿真技术[J].计算机仿真,2002,19(4):94-96.
[14] Demeulemeester E,Herroelen W.A branch-and-bound procedure for the multiple resource-constrained project scheduling problem[J] . Management Science,1992,38(12):1803-1818.
[15] Patterson J H,Slowinski R,Talbot F B etal.An algorithm for a general class of precedence and resource constrained scheduling problem[A]. Slowinski Rand Weglarz (JEds).Advances in Project Scheduling[M].Amster-dam:Elsevier Publisher,1989.3-28.
[16] Brucker P,Knust S,Schoo Aetal.A branch and bound algorithm for theresource-constrained project scheduling problem[J].Eur J of Ops Res, 1998,10(7):272-288.
[17]白思俊.资源有限的网络计划与启发式优化方法及其评价与选择——启发式优化方法综述[J].中国管理科学,1993,(2):30-38.
[18] DAVIS E W,PATTERSON J H.A Comparison of Heuristic and Optimum Solutions in Resources-constrained Project Scheduling[J]. Management Sci-ence, 1975,21.
[19] FISHER M L.Worst-case Analysis of Heuristic Algorithms[J]. Management Science, 1980,26(6):698-700.
[20] RUS SELL R A.A Comparison of Heuristic for Scheduling Projects With Cash Flows and Resource Restrictions[J].Management Science,1986,32(3):124-126.
[21] Ulusoy, Ozdamar.Heuristics Performance and Network/Resource Characteris- tics in Resource-constrained Project Scheduling[J].J. Oper.Res.Soc, 1989,40(12).
[22] BADIRU A B.Towards the Standardization of Performance Measures forProject Scheduling Heuristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1988,35(7):236-238.
[23]白思俊.资源有限网络计划启发式方法的评价(中)——启发式方法的综合比较和评价[J].运筹与管理,l999,8(3):51-56.
[24] Julia Pet-Edwards.Application of Genetic Algorithms in Resource Constrained Network Optimization[J].Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1995,14(4):3059-3062.
[25] Kolisch R.Serial and parallel resource-constrained project scheduling met-hods revisited:Theory and computation[J].European Journal of Operation,1996,90:320-333.
[26] Hartmann S and Kolisch R.Experimental Investigation of State-of-the-art Heuristics for The Resource-constrained Project Scheduling Problem[J]. European Journal of Operation Research,2000,12(7):394-407.
[27] Hartmann S.A competitive genetic algorithm for resource-constrained pro-ject scheduling[J].Naval Research Logistics,1998,45:733-750.
[28]刘士新,王梦光,唐加福.一种求解资源受限工程调度问题的遗传算法[J].系统工程学报,2002,17(1):1-7.
[29] Lee J K,Kim Y D.Search heuristics for resource-constrained project scheduling[J].J of the Ops Res Soc,1996,47(3):678-689.
[30] Talbot F B.Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling with time/Resource Trade-off.the non preemptive case[J].Mgmt.Sci,1982,28(10):1197- 1210.
[31]姚玉玲.网络计划资源均衡优化方法的研究[J].西安矿业学院学报, 1998,18(1):45-49.
[32]李庆华,中国建筑学会建筑统筹管理研究会.中国网络计划技术大全[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:584-588.
[33] Satyanaryana K R S,Kalyanaraman V.Optimum Resource Allocation in Construction Projects Using Genetic Algorithms[C].Proc.3rd Int.Conf. onthe Application of AI to Civ.and Struct.Engineerin9,Edinburgh, England, 1993,4(5):175-179.
[34] Chan W T,Daviad K H,Govindom K.Construction resource scheduling with genetic algorithms[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Mana-gement,1996,122(2):125-132.
[35] Leu SouSen , Hung TzungHen.A genetic algorithm-based optimal resource-constrained scheduling simulation model [J].Construction Management andEconomics,2002,20(2):13l-141.
[36] Leu Sou-Sen,Yang Chung-Huei.GA-based multicriteria optimal modelfor construction scheduling[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Manag-ement,1999,125(6):420-427.
[37]田军,寇纪淞,李敏强.利用遗传算法优化施工网络计划[J]系统工程理论与实践,l999,19(5):78-82.
[38]张连营,骆刚,鹿丽宁.遗传算法在工程项目资源优化中的应用[J].天津大学学报,2001,34(2):188-192.
[39] DAVIS E W,PATTERSON J H.A Comparison of Heuristic and Optimum Solutions in Resources.constrained Project Scheduling[J] . Management Science,1975,21:126-128.
[40]王首绪,周学林.遗传算法优化施工网络计划的多种资源均衡[J].重庆交通学院学报.2001,20(2):39-45.
[41]林志荣,朱鲮道.网络计划中资源均衡优化的研究[J].中国管理科学, 2000,8(3):39-43.
[42]苑芳芹,李建华,张英岐.描述与控制工程进度的S曲线法介绍[J].中南公路工程,l994,69(2):36.41.
[43]何卫东,苏寅申.香蕉曲线在公路施工进度与成本控制方面的分析与探讨[J].西安公路交通大学学报,l996,16(1):26-29.
[44] Wojciech L.Chyla.Project Management in Major Systems Acquisitionfor the Polish Armed Forces[R].Naval Postgraduate School Monterey,California ,December 2003.
[45]杨开天,朱亚平,陈小双.S-92项目管理探索[J].航空科学技术,2000(2):20-24.
[46]周宇霞.K8E项目的管理控制评述[J].洪都科技,2003(2):40-46.
[47]白思俊.现代项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[2] Warren E Allen. Establishing some basic project-management body-of- knowledge concepts[J].International Journal of Project Management,1995,13(2):77-82.
[3] William RDuncan . Developing a project-management body-of-knowledge document: the US Project Management Institute’s approach[J]. International Journal of Project Management,1995,13(2)89-94.
[4]中国项目管理研究委员会.中国项目管理知识体系与国际项目管理专业资质认证标准[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[5]邱苑华等著.项目管理学.工程管理理论、方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]沈建明白思俊编著.国防高科技项目管理概论[M].北京:机械工业出版社.
[7]吴之明,卢有杰编著.项目管理引论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[8]杰克·吉多等.成功的项目管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[9]王清则庄玉斌.实用网络计划技术[M].北京:北京工业学院出版社,1988.
[10]江景波,葛震明,何治.网络技术原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,l997.
[11]刘元珍.决策关键线路法在网络计划优化中的应用研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2001.
[12] John B K.A comparison between the VERT program and other methods of project duration estimation[J].0mega,1987,15(2):129-134.
[13]陈狮星,徐培德,沙基昌.不定参数数值网络仿真技术[J].计算机仿真,2002,19(4):94-96.
[14] Demeulemeester E,Herroelen W.A branch-and-bound procedure for the multiple resource-constrained project scheduling problem[J] . Management Science,1992,38(12):1803-1818.
[15] Patterson J H,Slowinski R,Talbot F B etal.An algorithm for a general class of precedence and resource constrained scheduling problem[A]. Slowinski Rand Weglarz (JEds).Advances in Project Scheduling[M].Amster-dam:Elsevier Publisher,1989.3-28.
[16] Brucker P,Knust S,Schoo Aetal.A branch and bound algorithm for theresource-constrained project scheduling problem[J].Eur J of Ops Res, 1998,10(7):272-288.
[17]白思俊.资源有限的网络计划与启发式优化方法及其评价与选择——启发式优化方法综述[J].中国管理科学,1993,(2):30-38.
[18] DAVIS E W,PATTERSON J H.A Comparison of Heuristic and Optimum Solutions in Resources-constrained Project Scheduling[J]. Management Sci-ence, 1975,21.
[19] FISHER M L.Worst-case Analysis of Heuristic Algorithms[J]. Management Science, 1980,26(6):698-700.
[20] RUS SELL R A.A Comparison of Heuristic for Scheduling Projects With Cash Flows and Resource Restrictions[J].Management Science,1986,32(3):124-126.
[21] Ulusoy, Ozdamar.Heuristics Performance and Network/Resource Characteris- tics in Resource-constrained Project Scheduling[J].J. Oper.Res.Soc, 1989,40(12).
[22] BADIRU A B.Towards the Standardization of Performance Measures forProject Scheduling Heuristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1988,35(7):236-238.
[23]白思俊.资源有限网络计划启发式方法的评价(中)——启发式方法的综合比较和评价[J].运筹与管理,l999,8(3):51-56.
[24] Julia Pet-Edwards.Application of Genetic Algorithms in Resource Constrained Network Optimization[J].Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1995,14(4):3059-3062.
[25] Kolisch R.Serial and parallel resource-constrained project scheduling met-hods revisited:Theory and computation[J].European Journal of Operation,1996,90:320-333.
[26] Hartmann S and Kolisch R.Experimental Investigation of State-of-the-art Heuristics for The Resource-constrained Project Scheduling Problem[J]. European Journal of Operation Research,2000,12(7):394-407.
[27] Hartmann S.A competitive genetic algorithm for resource-constrained pro-ject scheduling[J].Naval Research Logistics,1998,45:733-750.
[28]刘士新,王梦光,唐加福.一种求解资源受限工程调度问题的遗传算法[J].系统工程学报,2002,17(1):1-7.
[29] Lee J K,Kim Y D.Search heuristics for resource-constrained project scheduling[J].J of the Ops Res Soc,1996,47(3):678-689.
[30] Talbot F B.Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling with time/Resource Trade-off.the non preemptive case[J].Mgmt.Sci,1982,28(10):1197- 1210.
[31]姚玉玲.网络计划资源均衡优化方法的研究[J].西安矿业学院学报, 1998,18(1):45-49.
[32]李庆华,中国建筑学会建筑统筹管理研究会.中国网络计划技术大全[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:584-588.
[33] Satyanaryana K R S,Kalyanaraman V.Optimum Resource Allocation in Construction Projects Using Genetic Algorithms[C].Proc.3rd Int.Conf. onthe Application of AI to Civ.and Struct.Engineerin9,Edinburgh, England, 1993,4(5):175-179.
[34] Chan W T,Daviad K H,Govindom K.Construction resource scheduling with genetic algorithms[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Mana-gement,1996,122(2):125-132.
[35] Leu SouSen , Hung TzungHen.A genetic algorithm-based optimal resource-constrained scheduling simulation model [J].Construction Management andEconomics,2002,20(2):13l-141.
[36] Leu Sou-Sen,Yang Chung-Huei.GA-based multicriteria optimal modelfor construction scheduling[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Manag-ement,1999,125(6):420-427.
[37]田军,寇纪淞,李敏强.利用遗传算法优化施工网络计划[J]系统工程理论与实践,l999,19(5):78-82.
[38]张连营,骆刚,鹿丽宁.遗传算法在工程项目资源优化中的应用[J].天津大学学报,2001,34(2):188-192.
[39] DAVIS E W,PATTERSON J H.A Comparison of Heuristic and Optimum Solutions in Resources.constrained Project Scheduling[J] . Management Science,1975,21:126-128.
[40]王首绪,周学林.遗传算法优化施工网络计划的多种资源均衡[J].重庆交通学院学报.2001,20(2):39-45.
[41]林志荣,朱鲮道.网络计划中资源均衡优化的研究[J].中国管理科学, 2000,8(3):39-43.
[42]苑芳芹,李建华,张英岐.描述与控制工程进度的S曲线法介绍[J].中南公路工程,l994,69(2):36.41.
[43]何卫东,苏寅申.香蕉曲线在公路施工进度与成本控制方面的分析与探讨[J].西安公路交通大学学报,l996,16(1):26-29.
[44] Wojciech L.Chyla.Project Management in Major Systems Acquisitionfor the Polish Armed Forces[R].Naval Postgraduate School Monterey,California ,December 2003.
[45]杨开天,朱亚平,陈小双.S-92项目管理探索[J].航空科学技术,2000(2):20-24.
[46]周宇霞.K8E项目的管理控制评述[J].洪都科技,2003(2):40-46.
[47]白思俊.现代项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.