基于UML和XYZ/ADL的软件体系结构描述及精化研究
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摘要
随着信息系统与软件产品规模的急剧扩大,软件体系结构逐渐成为软件工程领域的热点及关键技术,日益受到国内外学术界和工业界的关注。软件体系结构关注系统的全局组织形式,是对系统结构高层抽象的描述。
软件体系结构描述是软件体系结构的一个首要研究内容。采用适当的方法描述体系结构,关系到开发人员之间的理解,也影响到系统的分析、精化、验证等后续工作。目前,软件体系结构描述的主要方法是UML与ADL。其中UML是通用的可视化建模语言,适用于软件开发的各个阶段。软件体系结构描述语言ADL是形式化描述体系结构的基本工具,采用更接近程序语言的符号体系,适用于不同系统的建模。两者在体系结构描述方面各有优点。
本文首先介绍了软件体系结构的基本概念及描述方法,比较了UML与ADL描述软件体系结构的优缺点;分析了XYZ/ADL描述软件体系结构的方法;提出一种UML状态图到XYZ/ADL的转换机制;根据UML与ADL各自的特点,采用将UML与XYZ/ADL相结合的方法对软件体系结构进行描述,并通过对工厂自动化系统进行体系结构描述及精化来验证该方法的可行性。
本文的研究结果说明在软件体系结构描述及精化过程中,UML与XYZ/ADL可以很好的相结合,可以将两者的优势充分的发挥,使得软件体系结构的每一步精化都能够平滑的过渡。
Along with the extension of the information system and software product scale, software architecture (SA) becomes a focus and key technique gradually in the software engineering domain, and it is paid more attention by domestic and international academic circles and industrial circles. SA concerns with the overall structure organization form of system, and it describes the high-level abstraction of system.
Software architecture description is a chiefly research task. Describing SA by a suitable method will exert influence not only on the understanding and communication of developers, but also on the following work, for instance analysis, refinement and verification of system. Currently, the main methods of SA description are UML and ADL. UML is a visual modeling language, and it is suitable to each stage of the software’s development. ADL is a kind of architecture description language. It is a basic tool which can describe SA formally. It adopts the sign system being closer to program language, and it is suitable to the modeling of different systems. They have respective merits in the aspect of describing SA.
This paper introduces the basic concepts and description methods of SA, and compares the merits and shortcomings of UML and ADL in the aspect of SA description firstly. Then it analyses the method of SA description by using XYZ/ADL. A rule by which UML state diagram can be converted to XYZ/ADL is put forward. According to the characteristics of UML and ADL, a method that UML and XYZ/ADL have been combined together is applied in SA description process. And the feasibility of this method is verified by the research SA description and refinement of a factory automation system.
The research result of this paper indicates that using the method which can combine UML and XYZ/ADL together will bring their benefits into SA description and refinement process, and it will make transition smoothly between every step of refinement of SA.
软件体系结构描述是软件体系结构的一个首要研究内容。采用适当的方法描述体系结构,关系到开发人员之间的理解,也影响到系统的分析、精化、验证等后续工作。目前,软件体系结构描述的主要方法是UML与ADL。其中UML是通用的可视化建模语言,适用于软件开发的各个阶段。软件体系结构描述语言ADL是形式化描述体系结构的基本工具,采用更接近程序语言的符号体系,适用于不同系统的建模。两者在体系结构描述方面各有优点。
本文首先介绍了软件体系结构的基本概念及描述方法,比较了UML与ADL描述软件体系结构的优缺点;分析了XYZ/ADL描述软件体系结构的方法;提出一种UML状态图到XYZ/ADL的转换机制;根据UML与ADL各自的特点,采用将UML与XYZ/ADL相结合的方法对软件体系结构进行描述,并通过对工厂自动化系统进行体系结构描述及精化来验证该方法的可行性。
本文的研究结果说明在软件体系结构描述及精化过程中,UML与XYZ/ADL可以很好的相结合,可以将两者的优势充分的发挥,使得软件体系结构的每一步精化都能够平滑的过渡。
Along with the extension of the information system and software product scale, software architecture (SA) becomes a focus and key technique gradually in the software engineering domain, and it is paid more attention by domestic and international academic circles and industrial circles. SA concerns with the overall structure organization form of system, and it describes the high-level abstraction of system.
Software architecture description is a chiefly research task. Describing SA by a suitable method will exert influence not only on the understanding and communication of developers, but also on the following work, for instance analysis, refinement and verification of system. Currently, the main methods of SA description are UML and ADL. UML is a visual modeling language, and it is suitable to each stage of the software’s development. ADL is a kind of architecture description language. It is a basic tool which can describe SA formally. It adopts the sign system being closer to program language, and it is suitable to the modeling of different systems. They have respective merits in the aspect of describing SA.
This paper introduces the basic concepts and description methods of SA, and compares the merits and shortcomings of UML and ADL in the aspect of SA description firstly. Then it analyses the method of SA description by using XYZ/ADL. A rule by which UML state diagram can be converted to XYZ/ADL is put forward. According to the characteristics of UML and ADL, a method that UML and XYZ/ADL have been combined together is applied in SA description process. And the feasibility of this method is verified by the research SA description and refinement of a factory automation system.
The research result of this paper indicates that using the method which can combine UML and XYZ/ADL together will bring their benefits into SA description and refinement process, and it will make transition smoothly between every step of refinement of SA.
引文
[1]于卫,蔡希尧.软件体系结构的描述方法研究.计算机研究与发展.2002,37(10):1185~1191.
[2]陈松乔,任胜兵,王国军编著.现代软件工程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[3]唐稚松等著.时序逻辑程序设计与软件工程.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[4]梅宏,申峻嵘.软件体系结构研究进展.软件学报.2006.17(6):1257~1275.
[5]Hofmeister C,Nord R,Soni D.Applied Software Architecture. Boston:Addison-Wesley Professional.2000.
[6]Clements P,Bachmann F,Bass L,Nord RL,Garlan D,Ivers J,Little R,Nord R,Stafford J. Documenting Software Architecture Views and Beyond.Boston:Addison-Wesley Professional. 2002.
[7]ISO.ISO/IEC 10746 reference model of open distributed processing.ISO.1996.
[8]Zachman JA.A framework for information systems Architecture.IBM Systems Journal. 1987. 26(3):276~292.
[9]Egyed A,Medvidovic N.Extending architectural representation in UML with view integration. Technical Report,Center for Software Engineering,University of Southern California,1999.
[10]郭亮,唐稚松.基于 XYZ/E 描述和验证容错系统.软件学报.2002.13(5):916~919.
[11] 韩 俊 刚 , 王 岩 冰 , 沈 武 威 . 用 XYZ/E 语 言 描 述 和 验 证 硬 件 的 行 为 . 软 件 学 报 . 1996.7(11):676~677.
[12]唐小平,唐稚松.马东华等. XYZ/E 系统在动画设计中的应用.软件学报.1998.9(1):1~6.
[13]YAN An,TANG Zhi-song,Building Hybrid Real-Time Systems in XYZ/E-Implementation of the Steam-Boiler Control Specification Problem.Journal of Software.2000.11(6):711~719.
[14]杨敬中.基于软件体系结构的面向方面建模研究.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[15]张友生等编著.软件体系结构.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[16]冯冲,江贺,冯静芳编著.软件体系结构理论与实践.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[17]Shaw M.,Garlan D.. An Introduction to Software Architecture.Soft Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.Vol.I,World Scientific Publishing Company,New Jersey,1993.
[18]Hofmeister C.,Nord R.L.,Soni D.Describing Software Architecture with UML.Simens Corporate Research..Princeton,New Jersey,USA,1995.
[19]Bass L.,Clements P.,Kazman R.Software Architecture in Practice.Pearson Education,Inc.,1998.
[20]Bass L.,Clements P.,Kazman R.Software Architecture in Practice(Second Edition).Pearson Education,Inc.,2003.
[21]于卫.软件体系结构与软件重用方法的研究.西安电子科技大学博士学位论文,1999.
[22]孙昌爱,金茂忠,刘超.软件体系结构研究综述.软件学报,2002,13(7):1128~1137.
[23]Taylor R.N.,Medvidovic N.A component-and-message-based architecture style for GUI software.IEEE Trans.Software Engineering,1996,22(6):390~406.
[24]Garlan D.,Allen R.,Ockerbloom J.Exploiting style in architectural design enviroments.New York:ACM Press,1994.175~188.
[25]Vestal S.Metah programmer’s manual.Version 1.09.Technical Report,Honeywell Technology Center,1996.
[26]Shaw M.,Deline R.,Klen D.V.et al.Abstractions for software architecture and tools to support them.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1995,21(4):314~355.
[27]冯铁,张家晨,陈伟等.基于框架和角色模型的软件体系结构规约.软件学报.2002,11(8):1078~1086.
[28]焦文品,史忠植.用 XYZ/E 形式化体系结构风格.软件学报.2000.11(3):410~415.
[29]Kazman R.,Bass L.,Abowd G.,et al.Scenario-Based analysis of software architectures.IEEE Software,1996,47~55.
[30]Waters B.,Rugaber S.,Abowd G.Architectural synthesis:integrating multiple architectural perspectives.In:Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Working Conference on Reverse Engineering.CA: IEEE Computer Society Press,1999.2~12.
[31]周之英编著.现代软件工程(基本方法篇).北京:科学出版社.2003.
[32]http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200603131358465.html
[33]马东华,慎权.基于时序逻辑的动画描述模型.计算机学报.1995.18(11):814~815.
[34]张广泉.软件体系结构与 XYZ/E.中国科学院软件研究所博士后士研究报告.2002.
[35]Moriconi M.,QIAN X,Riemenschneider R.Correct Architecture Refinement.IEEE Tran Soft Eng,1995,21(4):356~372.
[36]Garlan D.Style-Based Refinement for Software Architecture.Proceedings of the Second International Software Architecture Workshop.ISAW2 1996.
[37]Rumbaugh J,Jacobson I,Booch G.姚树珍,唐发根译.UML 参考手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[38]Clements P,Bachmann F,Bass L,Garlan D.Documenting Software Architecture.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[39]施昊华,张朝辉.UML 面向对象结构设计与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2003.
[40]邵维忠,杨芙清.面向对象的系统设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[41]http://www.uml.org.cn/SoftWareProcess/200501281.htm
[42]http://www.uml.org.cn/oobject/200504123.htm]
[43]周莹新,艾波:软件体系结构建模方法研究.软件学报.1998.9(11):866~872.
[44]时序逻辑使用手册.XYZ 研究组通讯.
[45]唐稚松.一种面向软件工程的时序逻辑语言.软件学报.1993.1112:1~15.
[46]张广泉.基于 XYZ/E 的软件体系结构描述语言研究.计算机科学.2000.27:155~157.
[47]朱雪阳,唐稚松.基于时序逻辑的软件体系结构描述语言 XYZ/ADL.软件学报.2003. 14(4):713~720.
[48]刘俭云.基于时序逻辑语言 XYZ/E 的 CA 认证系统描述与求精.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2005.
[49]罗蜜.基于 UML 的形式化需求建模的研究.西南师范大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[50]Hassan Gomaa 著,吕庆中,李烨,罗方斌译.用 UML 设计并发、分布式、实时应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.
[51]黄正宝.可视化与形式化相结合的软件体系结构描述研究.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[52]蒋慧,林东,谢希仁.UML 状态机的形式语义.软件学报.2002,13(12):2244~2250.
[53] Beeck M. Formalization of UML-Statecharts. In: M. Gogolla and C. Kobryn eds.Proceedings of UML 2001, LNCS2185: 406~421. Berlin: Springer. 2001.
[54]李桂,苏一丹.UML 状态图的形式化.广西大学学报.2003,28(4):318~321.
[2]陈松乔,任胜兵,王国军编著.现代软件工程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[3]唐稚松等著.时序逻辑程序设计与软件工程.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[4]梅宏,申峻嵘.软件体系结构研究进展.软件学报.2006.17(6):1257~1275.
[5]Hofmeister C,Nord R,Soni D.Applied Software Architecture. Boston:Addison-Wesley Professional.2000.
[6]Clements P,Bachmann F,Bass L,Nord RL,Garlan D,Ivers J,Little R,Nord R,Stafford J. Documenting Software Architecture Views and Beyond.Boston:Addison-Wesley Professional. 2002.
[7]ISO.ISO/IEC 10746 reference model of open distributed processing.ISO.1996.
[8]Zachman JA.A framework for information systems Architecture.IBM Systems Journal. 1987. 26(3):276~292.
[9]Egyed A,Medvidovic N.Extending architectural representation in UML with view integration. Technical Report,Center for Software Engineering,University of Southern California,1999.
[10]郭亮,唐稚松.基于 XYZ/E 描述和验证容错系统.软件学报.2002.13(5):916~919.
[11] 韩 俊 刚 , 王 岩 冰 , 沈 武 威 . 用 XYZ/E 语 言 描 述 和 验 证 硬 件 的 行 为 . 软 件 学 报 . 1996.7(11):676~677.
[12]唐小平,唐稚松.马东华等. XYZ/E 系统在动画设计中的应用.软件学报.1998.9(1):1~6.
[13]YAN An,TANG Zhi-song,Building Hybrid Real-Time Systems in XYZ/E-Implementation of the Steam-Boiler Control Specification Problem.Journal of Software.2000.11(6):711~719.
[14]杨敬中.基于软件体系结构的面向方面建模研究.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[15]张友生等编著.软件体系结构.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[16]冯冲,江贺,冯静芳编著.软件体系结构理论与实践.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[17]Shaw M.,Garlan D.. An Introduction to Software Architecture.Soft Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.Vol.I,World Scientific Publishing Company,New Jersey,1993.
[18]Hofmeister C.,Nord R.L.,Soni D.Describing Software Architecture with UML.Simens Corporate Research..Princeton,New Jersey,USA,1995.
[19]Bass L.,Clements P.,Kazman R.Software Architecture in Practice.Pearson Education,Inc.,1998.
[20]Bass L.,Clements P.,Kazman R.Software Architecture in Practice(Second Edition).Pearson Education,Inc.,2003.
[21]于卫.软件体系结构与软件重用方法的研究.西安电子科技大学博士学位论文,1999.
[22]孙昌爱,金茂忠,刘超.软件体系结构研究综述.软件学报,2002,13(7):1128~1137.
[23]Taylor R.N.,Medvidovic N.A component-and-message-based architecture style for GUI software.IEEE Trans.Software Engineering,1996,22(6):390~406.
[24]Garlan D.,Allen R.,Ockerbloom J.Exploiting style in architectural design enviroments.New York:ACM Press,1994.175~188.
[25]Vestal S.Metah programmer’s manual.Version 1.09.Technical Report,Honeywell Technology Center,1996.
[26]Shaw M.,Deline R.,Klen D.V.et al.Abstractions for software architecture and tools to support them.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1995,21(4):314~355.
[27]冯铁,张家晨,陈伟等.基于框架和角色模型的软件体系结构规约.软件学报.2002,11(8):1078~1086.
[28]焦文品,史忠植.用 XYZ/E 形式化体系结构风格.软件学报.2000.11(3):410~415.
[29]Kazman R.,Bass L.,Abowd G.,et al.Scenario-Based analysis of software architectures.IEEE Software,1996,47~55.
[30]Waters B.,Rugaber S.,Abowd G.Architectural synthesis:integrating multiple architectural perspectives.In:Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Working Conference on Reverse Engineering.CA: IEEE Computer Society Press,1999.2~12.
[31]周之英编著.现代软件工程(基本方法篇).北京:科学出版社.2003.
[32]http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200603131358465.html
[33]马东华,慎权.基于时序逻辑的动画描述模型.计算机学报.1995.18(11):814~815.
[34]张广泉.软件体系结构与 XYZ/E.中国科学院软件研究所博士后士研究报告.2002.
[35]Moriconi M.,QIAN X,Riemenschneider R.Correct Architecture Refinement.IEEE Tran Soft Eng,1995,21(4):356~372.
[36]Garlan D.Style-Based Refinement for Software Architecture.Proceedings of the Second International Software Architecture Workshop.ISAW2 1996.
[37]Rumbaugh J,Jacobson I,Booch G.姚树珍,唐发根译.UML 参考手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[38]Clements P,Bachmann F,Bass L,Garlan D.Documenting Software Architecture.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[39]施昊华,张朝辉.UML 面向对象结构设计与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2003.
[40]邵维忠,杨芙清.面向对象的系统设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[41]http://www.uml.org.cn/SoftWareProcess/200501281.htm
[42]http://www.uml.org.cn/oobject/200504123.htm]
[43]周莹新,艾波:软件体系结构建模方法研究.软件学报.1998.9(11):866~872.
[44]时序逻辑使用手册.XYZ 研究组通讯.
[45]唐稚松.一种面向软件工程的时序逻辑语言.软件学报.1993.1112:1~15.
[46]张广泉.基于 XYZ/E 的软件体系结构描述语言研究.计算机科学.2000.27:155~157.
[47]朱雪阳,唐稚松.基于时序逻辑的软件体系结构描述语言 XYZ/ADL.软件学报.2003. 14(4):713~720.
[48]刘俭云.基于时序逻辑语言 XYZ/E 的 CA 认证系统描述与求精.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2005.
[49]罗蜜.基于 UML 的形式化需求建模的研究.西南师范大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[50]Hassan Gomaa 著,吕庆中,李烨,罗方斌译.用 UML 设计并发、分布式、实时应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.
[51]黄正宝.可视化与形式化相结合的软件体系结构描述研究.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[52]蒋慧,林东,谢希仁.UML 状态机的形式语义.软件学报.2002,13(12):2244~2250.
[53] Beeck M. Formalization of UML-Statecharts. In: M. Gogolla and C. Kobryn eds.Proceedings of UML 2001, LNCS2185: 406~421. Berlin: Springer. 2001.
[54]李桂,苏一丹.UML 状态图的形式化.广西大学学报.2003,28(4):318~321.