车用永磁发电机及其控制系统的研究
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摘要
本文结合“车用永磁发电机及其控制系统的研究”课题,对宽转速车用永磁发电机的工作特点、设计方法、稳压控制以及未来汽车供电系统的发展趋势进行了详细的分析研究,取得了一些具有工程实用价值的成果。
     首先,从本课题采用的径向式结构的三相永磁同步发电机的物理模型出发,得出其基本电路方程式,并分析了永磁磁动势与绕组磁动势间相对位置的不同而对绕组电感不同的影响,相电流对磁路饱和效应的影响,为车用永磁发电机的优化设计提供了理论依据。
     然后,根据开发车用永磁发电机的技术难点,分析比较了现有的车用永磁发电机的磁路结构,综合不同结构的优缺点,给出了本课题车用永磁发电机采用的磁路结构。从车用永磁发电机在整个转速范围内的效率和利用程度考虑,通过大量的计算和分析,研究了车用永磁发电机主要设计参数的确定方法,为车用永磁发电机的本体设计提供了有力的依据,并利用混合罚函数法对车用永磁发电机进行优化设计;从改善车用永磁发电机的通风冷却条件和提高功率密度两方面考虑,采取了在转子上开通风孔的措施,并利用电磁场有限元法对车用永磁发电机磁路结构进行分析,得出通风孔的最佳形状和分布位置。在以上分析的基础上,设计并制造了三台样机,试验结果良好。
     最后,结合现代电力电子技术,利用整流桥、逆变器、MOSFET等元器件设计并实现了车用永磁发电机恒压输出控制;从未来汽车电气系统的发展方向和高效节能方面考虑,提出未来汽车的多电压供电系统的典型配电模型,并对该模型进行具体设计,实现多电压供电的功能,并给出了控制线路中各主要部分的波形。结果表明,该供电系统性能较好。
According to the study on permanent magnet (PM) generator and its control system in vehicle application, this dissertation is devoted to the study on run characteristics, design method and control system of PM generator for autos. At the same time, the future power supply model of generator for autos is given. Three parts are included as follows:
    First of all, the basic circuit equation of radial PM generator for autos is given. The effect of reciprocity of PM and winding's magnetic force upon winding's inductance and current upon magnetic circuit saturation are analysed. According to these, we can obtain optimized design.
    According to technology difficulties of PM generator for autos and the analysis of existing magnetic circuit of PM generator for autos, a magnetic circuit for this item is given. The main PM generator parameters are obtained. The optimized design is concerned by Multi-SUMT method. Ventilated hole at rotor is adopted for improving ventilation and cooling condition and power density. An optimized position of ventilated hole is obtained by electromagnetic field computation. According to these analyses, three PM generators for autos are designed. The generator is verified to be of well performances by experiment.
    The third part concerns the control system of PM generator in vehicle application by commutating and inversion. Considering the development of future power supply of auto electric system and the economizing on energy, the multi-voltage power supply system for future autos power supply system is introduced, and the design is given in detail. The waveforms of main parts of this system are given. The system is verified to be of well performances by experiment.
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