几种光子器件的原理及应用的研究
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摘要
双通道之间能量的转移，对于波分复用器、集成光路等有着重要的意义，可以应用于光通信等领域。它要求某一频率的光通过某一耦合基元从一个通道耦合进入另一通道，而其他频率的光不受影响。本论文首次利用干涉相消的原理，设计了满足一定条件的复合型光子晶体能量转移模型和光子晶体光开关。我们首先对这两种结构进行了理论上的分析，找到了满足干涉相消的条件。按照这些条件，设计制作了相应的光子晶体模型，并用多重散射的方法对它们分别进行了模拟计算。理论计算的结果表明，只要满足这些条件就可以实现通道之间能量的转移或实现光的通断。我们用型号为HP8510C标量网络分析仪测得了各输出端的透过谱。测量结果与理论计算结果符合得很好。能量转移模型可以用于光通信的信息传输，用来制作滤波器、光开关等。这种结构的光开关时间响应极快，可以达到飞秒量级，可以用于要求时间响应极快的系统中。本论文还对光子晶体表面态进行了理论计算和实验验证，证明了表面态的存在。
Energy transfer between continuous channels is very important to wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) and integral circuit. It can be used in some fields, such as optical communication. Channel dropping filters, which allow a signal from one channel to access another channel of WDM, and do not disturb signals in that channel, are useful elements for WDM. We design several combined photonic crystals models based on the destructive interference theory, which can transfer completely the energy of a signal from one channel to another, or can realize light switching. The multiply scattering method is used to simulate the propagation of waves in these structures. On the other hand, we also manufacture the samples and measure the transmittance of light with Hp8510C vector network analyzer. The result of experimental measurement is in good accordance with that of theoretical calculation. This indicates that both energy transfer and light switching could be realized. Our energy transfer model could be used to design photonic devices, such as channel dropping filters and light switches. The light switches have the characteristics of fast response and could be used in the system requiring fast response. Furthermore, we also demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the surface state in photonic crystals exists indeed.
Energy transfer between continuous channels is very important to wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) and integral circuit. It can be used in some fields, such as optical communication. Channel dropping filters, which allow a signal from one channel to access another channel of WDM, and do not disturb signals in that channel, are useful elements for WDM. We design several combined photonic crystals models based on the destructive interference theory, which can transfer completely the energy of a signal from one channel to another, or can realize light switching. The multiply scattering method is used to simulate the propagation of waves in these structures. On the other hand, we also manufacture the samples and measure the transmittance of light with Hp8510C vector network analyzer. The result of experimental measurement is in good accordance with that of theoretical calculation. This indicates that both energy transfer and light switching could be realized. Our energy transfer model could be used to design photonic devices, such as channel dropping filters and light switches. The light switches have the characteristics of fast response and could be used in the system requiring fast response. Furthermore, we also demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the surface state in photonic crystals exists indeed.
引文
1 E. Yablonovich, Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1987, 58: 2059
2 John S, Strong Localization of Photons in Certain Disordered Dielectric Superlattices, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1987,58: 2486
3 John D.Joannopoulos, Robert D. Meade, Joshua N. Winn, Photonic crystals Molding the flow of light, Princeton University Press, 41 Willian Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540,6
4 黄昆，《固体物理学》，1998年10月第一版
5 A. Mekis, J.C. Chen, I. Kurland, S. H. Fan. et. Al, High transmission through sharp bends in photonic crystal waveguides, phys. Rev. Lett, 1996,77-18:
6 Z. Y. Li, Y. N. Xia, Omnidirectional absolute band gap in two photonic crystals, Phys. Rev. B, 2001.64:153108
7 M. Agio, L.C. Andreani, Complete photonic band gap in two-dimensional chessboard lattice, Phys. Rev. B, 2000, 61:15519
8 C. S. Kee, H. Lim, Tunable complete photonic band gaps of two-dimensional photonic crystals with intrinsic semiconductor rods, Phys. Rev. B,2001, 64:12110
9 M. Qiu, S. He, Large complete photonic band gaps of two-dimensional photonic crystals with elliptic air holes, 1999, 60:10610
10 J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, S. H. Fan,Photonic crystals, Solid State Communication, 1997, 102(2-3):165
11 J. D. Jackson, Classcial Electrodynimics (Jhon Wiley Sons Inc,New Youk,1975)
12方俊鑫，路栋,《固体物理》上海科学技术出版社，233
13 E.Yablinovtch, Photonic band-gap structure, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1993, B10-283
14 S. John and J. Wang, Quantum optics of localized light in a photonic band gap, Phys. Rev. B, 1991, 43: 12772;
15 Lie-Ming Li and Zhao-Qing Zhang, Multiple-scattering approach to finite-sized photonic band-gap materialsPhys. Rev. B 1998, 58,:9587
16 S. S. Xiao, L. F. Shen, S. L. He, Large complete band gap at low and high frequency in two-dimension anistropic photonic crystal, Act. Phys. SIN-CH CD, 2002, 51(12):2858-2864
17 T. G. Pedersen, K. Pedersen, T. B. Kiestensen, Optical matrix elements in tight-binding calculations, Phys. Rev. B,2001, 63:201101
18 C. T. Chan, Q.L.Yu, et al, Order-N spectral method for electromagnetic waves, Phys. Rev. B, 1995, 51-23:16635
19 S. S. Xiao, L. F. Shen, S. L. He, FDTD method for computing the off-plane band structure in a two-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of nearly free-electron metals, Physics AB, 2002, 324(1-4):403-408
20 Fei ZA, Xiao SS, He JP, et al. A FDTD method for calculating defect modes in a two-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of anisotropic cylinders
ACTA PHYS SIN-CH ED 51 (9): 2167-2172 SEP 2002
21 Chen LX, Deng XX, Ding WQ, et al. Finite-difference time-domain analysis of optical bistability with low threshold in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal with Kerr medium OPT COMMUN 209 (4-6): 491-500 AUG 15 2002
22 W. M.Robertson et. al,Reyleigh scattering from colum undulations in a scotic liquid crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett,
1992,68-13: 2033
23 Thomas F. Krass,Richard M De La Rue&Stuart Brand, Two-dimension photonic-bandgap structures operating at near-infrared wavelength, Nature, 1996, 383-24,699
24 P.Gordon, Radiation Forces and Momenta in Dielectric Media, Radiation Forces and Momenta in Dielectric Media, Phys.Rev.A, 1973, 8-1,14
25 M.Kerker, The Scattering of light (academic Press, 1996)
26 M.M.Burns et.al. ,Science, 1990,249: 749
27 倪培根，三维光子晶体的制备及其非线性效应的研究. 山东师范大学.2000年5月：23
28 Y.J.Vhen et.al, Laser diffraction determination of the crystalline structure of an electrorheological fluid, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1992, 68: 2555
29 E.R.Brown, C.D.Parker, and E.Yablonovich, Radiation properties of a planar antema on a photonic-crystal substrate, J. Opt. Soc.Am.B,1993,10:404
30 Garg RS, Progress in microstrip antennas, IETE TECH REV 18 (2-3): 85-98 MAR- JUN 2001
31 Z. Y. Li, L. L. Lin, Z. Q. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett, Spontaneous Emission from Photonic Crystals: Full Vectorial Calculations2000, 84,4341
32 J.D.Joannopoulos, Pierre R. Villeneuve and S.H. Fan, photonic crystals, Solid State Communication, 1997,102(2-3):165
33 Happ TD, Kamp M, Forchel A, et al. Two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled-defect laser diode， APPL PHYS LETT 82 (1): 4-6 JAN 6 2003
34 欧阳征标，刘海山，李景镇，光子晶体超窄带滤波器，《光学学 报》，2002，31－3：281
35 Lin SY, Chow E, Bur J, et al. Low-loss, wide-angle Y splitter at similar to 1.6-mu m wavelengths built with a two-dimensional photonic crystal OPT LETT 27 (16): 1400-1402 AUG 15 200
36 Sugimoto Y, Ikeda N, Carlsson N, et al. ,Light-propagation characteristics of Y-branch defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs, OPT LETT 27 (6): 388-390 MAR 15 2002
37 Istrate E, Sargent EH , Photonic crystal heterostructures : resonant tunnelling, waveguides and filters, J OPT A-PURE APPL OP 4 (6): S242-S246 NOV 2002
38 Saitoh K, Koshiba M , Photonic bandgap fibers with high birefringence, IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L 14 (9): 1291-1293 SEP 2002
39 Saitoh K, Koshiba M , Photonic bandgap fibers with high birefringence, IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L 14 (9): 1291-1293 SEP 2002
40 Saitoh K, Koshiba M , Photonic bandgap fibers with high birefringence
IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L 14 (9): 1291-1293 SEP 2002
41 A.S.Kawy, S.Y.Shi, and D.W.Prather, Multichannel wavelength division multiplexing with photonic ctystals, Optical Society of America, 2001,40-14:2247
42 C.J.Jin, S.H.Fan, D.Z.Zhong, Reflectionless multichannel wavelength demultiplexer in a transmission Resonator configuration, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronic ,2003,39-1:160
43 R.W. Ziolkowski, M. Tanaka, FDTD analysis of PBG waveguides,power splitters and switches, Optical and Quantum Electronics,1999,31:843
44 A. Huttunen， P. Torma，"Band Structure for Nonlinear Photonic Crystals"， J. Appl. Phys.， 2002, 91(7):3988-3991
45 P. Tran, "Optical Limiting and Switching of Short Pulses by Use of a
Nonlinear Photonic Bandgap Structure with a Defect"， J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1997, 14(10):2589-2594
46 P. Tran, "Optical Switching with a Nonlinear Photonic Crystal: a Numerical Study"
47 P. M. Johnson, A. F. Koenderink, W. L. Vos, "Ultrafast Switching of Photonic Density of States in Photonic Crystals", Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66(11): 081102(R)
48 M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, C. M. Bowden and M. J. Bloemer, "Optical Limiting and Switching of Ultrashort Pulses in Nonlinear Photonic Band Gap Materials"，Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994,73(10):1368-1371
49 P.R.Villeneuve,Daniel,S.Aaabrams,S.H.Fan,andJ.D.Joannopoulos,"Single-
mode waveguide microcavity for fast optical switching", Opt. Lett.1996, 21(24):2017-2019
50 Sheng Lan,Satoshi Nishikawa,andOsamu Wada,"Leverging deep photonic band gaps in photonic crystal impurity bands", Appl. Phys. Lett.2001,78(15):2101-2103
51S.AN,Satoshi,NISHIKAWA,HiroshiISHIKAWA,OsamuWADA,"Engineering Photonic Crystal Impurity Bands for Waveguides, All-Optical Switches and Optical Dalay Lines",Ieice Trans.electron.,2002,E85-c(1):181-189
52 Sheng Lan and Hiroshi Ishikawa, "High-efficiency reflection-type all-optical switch for ultrashort pulses based on a single asymmetrically confined photonic crystal defect", Opt. Lett.2002, 27(14):1259-1261
53 Sheng Lan and Hiroshi Ishikawa，"Coupling of defect pairs and generation of dynamical band gaps in the impurity bands of nonlinear photonic crystals for all-optical switching",Journal of Applied Physics",2002,91(5):2573-2577
54 S.Y.Lin, V.M.Hietala, L.Wang and E.D.Jones, Highly dispersive photonic band-gap prism, Optics Letters,1996,21:1771
55 Guo HongLiu, Yao XingCheng, Li zhaoLi, Measurements of
displacement and trapping force on micron-sized particles in optical tweezers system, Science in China, 2002，45：919
56 刘小东，无序介质的中红外光子局域化和Z-扫描技术研究，燕山大学，2001年11月
57 B.E.Little, S. T. Chu, H. A.Hau, Microring resonator channel dropping filers, J. Lightwave Technol, 1997,15,0733
58 P. Urquhart, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, Compound optical-fiber-based resonators, 1988,5, 803
59 K. Oda,N. Tokato, and H. Toba, A wide-Frs waveguide double-ring resonator for optical FDM transmission systems, J. Lightwave Tech, 1991,9, 728
60 S. Suzuki, K. Oda, and Y. Hibino, Intergrated-optic double-ring resonator with a wide free spectral range of 100 GHz, J. Lightwave Technol, 1995,13,1766
61 Y. Yanamoto and R.E.Slusher, Optical processes in microcavities, Phys. Today, 1993:66
62 Z. Zhang, D. Chu, S.Wu, Photonic-wire laser, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1995, 75, 2678
63 S. L. McCall, A. F. J. Levi, R. E. Slusher, Whispering-gallery mode microdisk lasers ,Appl. Phys. Lett, 1992,60:289
64 S. H. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannlpoulos, H. A. Haus, Channel drop fielters in photonic crystals, Optics Express, 1998,3, 4
65 S. H. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannlpoulos, H. A. Haus, Channel drop tunneling throught localized states, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1998,80-5, 960
66 M, Noda S, Chutinan A, et al. Channel drop filter using a single defect in a 2-D photonic crystal slab waveguide, J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL 20 (5): 845-850 MAY 2002
67 欧阳征标，李景镇，张道中，王启明，多层光子晶体滤波器的研究，《光学学报》， 2002，22－1：79
68 欧阳征标，刘海山，李景镇，光子晶体超窄带滤波器，《光学学报》，2002， 31－3：281
69 沈致远，《微波技术》，国防工业出版社，1980,175
70 L. L. Lin, Z. Y. Li, Phys. Rev. B, 2001,63, 033310-1
71 A.M ekis, S. Fan, J. D. Joannopoulos, bound states in photonic crystal waveguides and waveguide bends, Phys. Rev. B,1998,54, 4809
72 A. Chutinan, S. Noda, Highly confined waveguides and waveguide bends in three-dimensitional photonic crystal, Appl. Phys. Lett, 1999, 75,3739
73 S. Y. Lin, E. Chow, V. Hietala, P.R. villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, Expermental demostration of guiding and bending in photonic crystal, Science, 1998, 282,274
74 J. C. Knight, J. Broeng, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell,Science, 282,1476
75 M. Tokushima, H. Kosaka, A. Tomita, H. Yamads, Lightwave propagation through 120 sharply bend single-line-defect photonic crystal, appl. Phys. Lett,2000, 76, 952
76 Istrate E, Sargent EH , Photonic crystal heterostructures - resonant tunnelling, waveguides and filters, J OPT A-PURE APPL OP 2002, 4 (6): S242-S246
77 Sharkawy A, Shi S, Prather DW , Heterostructure photonic crystals: theory and applications, APPL OPTICS 41 (34): 7245-7253 DEC 1 2002
78 Istrate E, Charbonneau-Lefort M, Sargent EH , Theory of photonic crystal heterostructures, PHYS REV B 66 (7): art. no. 075121 AUG 15 2002
79 Charbonneau-Lefort M, Istrate E, Allard M, et al. Photonic crystal heterostructures: Waveguiding phenomena and methods of solution in an envelope function picture
PHYS REV B 65 (12): art. no. 125318 MAR 15 2002
2 John S, Strong Localization of Photons in Certain Disordered Dielectric Superlattices, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1987,58: 2486
3 John D.Joannopoulos, Robert D. Meade, Joshua N. Winn, Photonic crystals Molding the flow of light, Princeton University Press, 41 Willian Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540,6
4 黄昆，《固体物理学》，1998年10月第一版
5 A. Mekis, J.C. Chen, I. Kurland, S. H. Fan. et. Al, High transmission through sharp bends in photonic crystal waveguides, phys. Rev. Lett, 1996,77-18:
6 Z. Y. Li, Y. N. Xia, Omnidirectional absolute band gap in two photonic crystals, Phys. Rev. B, 2001.64:153108
7 M. Agio, L.C. Andreani, Complete photonic band gap in two-dimensional chessboard lattice, Phys. Rev. B, 2000, 61:15519
8 C. S. Kee, H. Lim, Tunable complete photonic band gaps of two-dimensional photonic crystals with intrinsic semiconductor rods, Phys. Rev. B,2001, 64:12110
9 M. Qiu, S. He, Large complete photonic band gaps of two-dimensional photonic crystals with elliptic air holes, 1999, 60:10610
10 J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, S. H. Fan,Photonic crystals, Solid State Communication, 1997, 102(2-3):165
11 J. D. Jackson, Classcial Electrodynimics (Jhon Wiley Sons Inc,New Youk,1975)
12方俊鑫，路栋,《固体物理》上海科学技术出版社，233
13 E.Yablinovtch, Photonic band-gap structure, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1993, B10-283
14 S. John and J. Wang, Quantum optics of localized light in a photonic band gap, Phys. Rev. B, 1991, 43: 12772;
15 Lie-Ming Li and Zhao-Qing Zhang, Multiple-scattering approach to finite-sized photonic band-gap materialsPhys. Rev. B 1998, 58,:9587
16 S. S. Xiao, L. F. Shen, S. L. He, Large complete band gap at low and high frequency in two-dimension anistropic photonic crystal, Act. Phys. SIN-CH CD, 2002, 51(12):2858-2864
17 T. G. Pedersen, K. Pedersen, T. B. Kiestensen, Optical matrix elements in tight-binding calculations, Phys. Rev. B,2001, 63:201101
18 C. T. Chan, Q.L.Yu, et al, Order-N spectral method for electromagnetic waves, Phys. Rev. B, 1995, 51-23:16635
19 S. S. Xiao, L. F. Shen, S. L. He, FDTD method for computing the off-plane band structure in a two-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of nearly free-electron metals, Physics AB, 2002, 324(1-4):403-408
20 Fei ZA, Xiao SS, He JP, et al. A FDTD method for calculating defect modes in a two-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of anisotropic cylinders
ACTA PHYS SIN-CH ED 51 (9): 2167-2172 SEP 2002
21 Chen LX, Deng XX, Ding WQ, et al. Finite-difference time-domain analysis of optical bistability with low threshold in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal with Kerr medium OPT COMMUN 209 (4-6): 491-500 AUG 15 2002
22 W. M.Robertson et. al,Reyleigh scattering from colum undulations in a scotic liquid crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett,
1992,68-13: 2033
23 Thomas F. Krass,Richard M De La Rue&Stuart Brand, Two-dimension photonic-bandgap structures operating at near-infrared wavelength, Nature, 1996, 383-24,699
24 P.Gordon, Radiation Forces and Momenta in Dielectric Media, Radiation Forces and Momenta in Dielectric Media, Phys.Rev.A, 1973, 8-1,14
25 M.Kerker, The Scattering of light (academic Press, 1996)
26 M.M.Burns et.al. ,Science, 1990,249: 749
27 倪培根，三维光子晶体的制备及其非线性效应的研究. 山东师范大学.2000年5月：23
28 Y.J.Vhen et.al, Laser diffraction determination of the crystalline structure of an electrorheological fluid, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1992, 68: 2555
29 E.R.Brown, C.D.Parker, and E.Yablonovich, Radiation properties of a planar antema on a photonic-crystal substrate, J. Opt. Soc.Am.B,1993,10:404
30 Garg RS, Progress in microstrip antennas, IETE TECH REV 18 (2-3): 85-98 MAR- JUN 2001
31 Z. Y. Li, L. L. Lin, Z. Q. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett, Spontaneous Emission from Photonic Crystals: Full Vectorial Calculations2000, 84,4341
32 J.D.Joannopoulos, Pierre R. Villeneuve and S.H. Fan, photonic crystals, Solid State Communication, 1997,102(2-3):165
33 Happ TD, Kamp M, Forchel A, et al. Two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled-defect laser diode， APPL PHYS LETT 82 (1): 4-6 JAN 6 2003
34 欧阳征标，刘海山，李景镇，光子晶体超窄带滤波器，《光学学 报》，2002，31－3：281
35 Lin SY, Chow E, Bur J, et al. Low-loss, wide-angle Y splitter at similar to 1.6-mu m wavelengths built with a two-dimensional photonic crystal OPT LETT 27 (16): 1400-1402 AUG 15 200
36 Sugimoto Y, Ikeda N, Carlsson N, et al. ,Light-propagation characteristics of Y-branch defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs, OPT LETT 27 (6): 388-390 MAR 15 2002
37 Istrate E, Sargent EH , Photonic crystal heterostructures : resonant tunnelling, waveguides and filters, J OPT A-PURE APPL OP 4 (6): S242-S246 NOV 2002
38 Saitoh K, Koshiba M , Photonic bandgap fibers with high birefringence, IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L 14 (9): 1291-1293 SEP 2002
39 Saitoh K, Koshiba M , Photonic bandgap fibers with high birefringence, IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L 14 (9): 1291-1293 SEP 2002
40 Saitoh K, Koshiba M , Photonic bandgap fibers with high birefringence
IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L 14 (9): 1291-1293 SEP 2002
41 A.S.Kawy, S.Y.Shi, and D.W.Prather, Multichannel wavelength division multiplexing with photonic ctystals, Optical Society of America, 2001,40-14:2247
42 C.J.Jin, S.H.Fan, D.Z.Zhong, Reflectionless multichannel wavelength demultiplexer in a transmission Resonator configuration, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronic ,2003,39-1:160
43 R.W. Ziolkowski, M. Tanaka, FDTD analysis of PBG waveguides,power splitters and switches, Optical and Quantum Electronics,1999,31:843
44 A. Huttunen， P. Torma，"Band Structure for Nonlinear Photonic Crystals"， J. Appl. Phys.， 2002, 91(7):3988-3991
45 P. Tran, "Optical Limiting and Switching of Short Pulses by Use of a
Nonlinear Photonic Bandgap Structure with a Defect"， J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1997, 14(10):2589-2594
46 P. Tran, "Optical Switching with a Nonlinear Photonic Crystal: a Numerical Study"
47 P. M. Johnson, A. F. Koenderink, W. L. Vos, "Ultrafast Switching of Photonic Density of States in Photonic Crystals", Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66(11): 081102(R)
48 M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, C. M. Bowden and M. J. Bloemer, "Optical Limiting and Switching of Ultrashort Pulses in Nonlinear Photonic Band Gap Materials"，Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994,73(10):1368-1371
49 P.R.Villeneuve,Daniel,S.Aaabrams,S.H.Fan,andJ.D.Joannopoulos,"Single-
mode waveguide microcavity for fast optical switching", Opt. Lett.1996, 21(24):2017-2019
50 Sheng Lan,Satoshi Nishikawa,andOsamu Wada,"Leverging deep photonic band gaps in photonic crystal impurity bands", Appl. Phys. Lett.2001,78(15):2101-2103
51S.AN,Satoshi,NISHIKAWA,HiroshiISHIKAWA,OsamuWADA,"Engineering Photonic Crystal Impurity Bands for Waveguides, All-Optical Switches and Optical Dalay Lines",Ieice Trans.electron.,2002,E85-c(1):181-189
52 Sheng Lan and Hiroshi Ishikawa, "High-efficiency reflection-type all-optical switch for ultrashort pulses based on a single asymmetrically confined photonic crystal defect", Opt. Lett.2002, 27(14):1259-1261
53 Sheng Lan and Hiroshi Ishikawa，"Coupling of defect pairs and generation of dynamical band gaps in the impurity bands of nonlinear photonic crystals for all-optical switching",Journal of Applied Physics",2002,91(5):2573-2577
54 S.Y.Lin, V.M.Hietala, L.Wang and E.D.Jones, Highly dispersive photonic band-gap prism, Optics Letters,1996,21:1771
55 Guo HongLiu, Yao XingCheng, Li zhaoLi, Measurements of
displacement and trapping force on micron-sized particles in optical tweezers system, Science in China, 2002，45：919
56 刘小东，无序介质的中红外光子局域化和Z-扫描技术研究，燕山大学，2001年11月
57 B.E.Little, S. T. Chu, H. A.Hau, Microring resonator channel dropping filers, J. Lightwave Technol, 1997,15,0733
58 P. Urquhart, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, Compound optical-fiber-based resonators, 1988,5, 803
59 K. Oda,N. Tokato, and H. Toba, A wide-Frs waveguide double-ring resonator for optical FDM transmission systems, J. Lightwave Tech, 1991,9, 728
60 S. Suzuki, K. Oda, and Y. Hibino, Intergrated-optic double-ring resonator with a wide free spectral range of 100 GHz, J. Lightwave Technol, 1995,13,1766
61 Y. Yanamoto and R.E.Slusher, Optical processes in microcavities, Phys. Today, 1993:66
62 Z. Zhang, D. Chu, S.Wu, Photonic-wire laser, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1995, 75, 2678
63 S. L. McCall, A. F. J. Levi, R. E. Slusher, Whispering-gallery mode microdisk lasers ,Appl. Phys. Lett, 1992,60:289
64 S. H. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannlpoulos, H. A. Haus, Channel drop fielters in photonic crystals, Optics Express, 1998,3, 4
65 S. H. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannlpoulos, H. A. Haus, Channel drop tunneling throught localized states, Phys. Rev. Lett, 1998,80-5, 960
66 M, Noda S, Chutinan A, et al. Channel drop filter using a single defect in a 2-D photonic crystal slab waveguide, J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL 20 (5): 845-850 MAY 2002
67 欧阳征标，李景镇，张道中，王启明，多层光子晶体滤波器的研究，《光学学报》， 2002，22－1：79
68 欧阳征标，刘海山，李景镇，光子晶体超窄带滤波器，《光学学报》，2002， 31－3：281
69 沈致远，《微波技术》，国防工业出版社，1980,175
70 L. L. Lin, Z. Y. Li, Phys. Rev. B, 2001,63, 033310-1
71 A.M ekis, S. Fan, J. D. Joannopoulos, bound states in photonic crystal waveguides and waveguide bends, Phys. Rev. B,1998,54, 4809
72 A. Chutinan, S. Noda, Highly confined waveguides and waveguide bends in three-dimensitional photonic crystal, Appl. Phys. Lett, 1999, 75,3739
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