秀山锰资源绿色开发利用及保障度研究
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摘要
锰在国民经济中具有重要的战略地位,是钢铁生产的重要原料,被广泛用于化工、轻工、建材、国防等行业。但锰资源的开采在为社会带来巨大的物质财富的同时,由于开采中存在的采富弃贫、开采无序等现象,也带来了诸如矿山地质灾害、水土环境污染和生态破坏等非常严重的问题,这些问题已经成为锰矿业发展的瓶颈,并严重影响矿区人居生态环境安全。因此锰资源的开采需要走矿产资源开发与生态环境协调发展的绿色开采之路,才能从根本上避免或减少这些负面影响。本文主要以重庆秀山为重点研究对象,针对锰资源开采和利用中存在的问题,寻求一条资源、环境和经济和谐发展之路。
采用层次分析法对秀山社会、经济、资源、环境的协调状况进行了评价,其协调度状况为濒临失调衰退类。针对秀山社会、经济、资源、环境系统发展中存在的问题提出了秀山资源型城市的转型发展之路,通过产业结构升级、提高资源与环境可持续发展能力及加强政府监督能力来提高秀山社会、经济、资源、环境系统的协调度,从而保证秀山经济可持续发展。
利用灰色预测模型对秀山锰资源的需求量进行了预测,预测精度达到96%以上,可用于中长期预测。对今后5年秀山锰资源需求预测表明,发现其成指数增长趋势,秀山现有可开采储量2400万t,预计可开采10年,保障年限不足。通过锰矿资源梯级开发提高综合利用率、规范开采秩序提高锰资源回收率、实施绿色开采技术,可延长秀山锰资源保障年限,提高秀山锰资源保障度。
针对锰资源的短缺和开采带来的环境污染等问题,在煤矿绿色开采概念基础上提出了锰资源绿色开采技术要点,建立了包括保水开采、减沉开采、矿山无废开采及伴生资源共采技术在内的锰资源绿色开采体系。采用层次分析法(AHP)制定了锰资源绿色开采评价体系。
Manganese has an important strategic position in the national econom. Manganese is a kind of raw material of steel production, and widely used as chemical industry, light industry, building materials and national defense industry, etc. Manganese exploitation created the enormous corporeal wealth for the society. But it spelt some really serious problems as mine geological disaster, water and soil environmental pollution, and ecological destruction because there were private mining indiscriminate digging, mining only rich ores and disordered mining. And these problems have become the bottleneck of manganese mining development, and influenced the living environment security of the mining area. Manganese exploitation should follow a green mining path of development hamony between mineral resources exploitation and ecological environment. And so, green mining can be avoided or reduced the negative impacts fundamentally. In this paper we take Xiushan of Chongqing as an important research subject, discuss the problems in manganese explotitaon and utilization, and seek a harmonious development road of resources, environment and economy.
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used for appraisal of the coordinated development status of Xiushan’s society, economy, resources and environment. The result showed that the coordinating degree is the verge of disorders and decline. Based on the existing problems in the system of society, economy, resources and environment in Xiushan, the transition and development means of resources city were suggested. The Xiushan’s economy sustainable development can be ensured through the upgrading of industrial structure, raising the sustained development ability of resource and environmental, and strengthening the government supervision to improve the coordinating degree of society, economy, resources and environment.
The grey prediction model has been used to forecasting Xiushan’s manganese demand and the forecast precision is above 96%, which can be used as forecasting long-trem demand. The forecasting results for the next five years show that xiushan’s Mn-demand grows exponentially with time. And the recoverable reserve in Xiushan is 24 million tons, which has the safeguard year of 10 years. Thus, the safeguard year (or degree) of Xiushan’s manganese resources is insufficient. The indemnificatory degree of manganese resources could be improved by through cascading exploitation to improve the comprehensive utilizationrate of manganese, standardizing the mining order to improve recovery rate, carrying out green mining technical.
Based on the concept of coal green mining the manganese green mining technology was presented for dealing with the problems of manganese resources shortage and environmental pollution brought by Mn-mining. Then this paper established greening technical system of mining including mining with water-protected, mining with surface subsidence reduced, non-waste mining, and the co-extraction technology of the associated minerals. Assessment system on the manganese resources green mining was suggested by AHP.
采用层次分析法对秀山社会、经济、资源、环境的协调状况进行了评价,其协调度状况为濒临失调衰退类。针对秀山社会、经济、资源、环境系统发展中存在的问题提出了秀山资源型城市的转型发展之路,通过产业结构升级、提高资源与环境可持续发展能力及加强政府监督能力来提高秀山社会、经济、资源、环境系统的协调度,从而保证秀山经济可持续发展。
利用灰色预测模型对秀山锰资源的需求量进行了预测,预测精度达到96%以上,可用于中长期预测。对今后5年秀山锰资源需求预测表明,发现其成指数增长趋势,秀山现有可开采储量2400万t,预计可开采10年,保障年限不足。通过锰矿资源梯级开发提高综合利用率、规范开采秩序提高锰资源回收率、实施绿色开采技术,可延长秀山锰资源保障年限,提高秀山锰资源保障度。
针对锰资源的短缺和开采带来的环境污染等问题,在煤矿绿色开采概念基础上提出了锰资源绿色开采技术要点,建立了包括保水开采、减沉开采、矿山无废开采及伴生资源共采技术在内的锰资源绿色开采体系。采用层次分析法(AHP)制定了锰资源绿色开采评价体系。
Manganese has an important strategic position in the national econom. Manganese is a kind of raw material of steel production, and widely used as chemical industry, light industry, building materials and national defense industry, etc. Manganese exploitation created the enormous corporeal wealth for the society. But it spelt some really serious problems as mine geological disaster, water and soil environmental pollution, and ecological destruction because there were private mining indiscriminate digging, mining only rich ores and disordered mining. And these problems have become the bottleneck of manganese mining development, and influenced the living environment security of the mining area. Manganese exploitation should follow a green mining path of development hamony between mineral resources exploitation and ecological environment. And so, green mining can be avoided or reduced the negative impacts fundamentally. In this paper we take Xiushan of Chongqing as an important research subject, discuss the problems in manganese explotitaon and utilization, and seek a harmonious development road of resources, environment and economy.
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used for appraisal of the coordinated development status of Xiushan’s society, economy, resources and environment. The result showed that the coordinating degree is the verge of disorders and decline. Based on the existing problems in the system of society, economy, resources and environment in Xiushan, the transition and development means of resources city were suggested. The Xiushan’s economy sustainable development can be ensured through the upgrading of industrial structure, raising the sustained development ability of resource and environmental, and strengthening the government supervision to improve the coordinating degree of society, economy, resources and environment.
The grey prediction model has been used to forecasting Xiushan’s manganese demand and the forecast precision is above 96%, which can be used as forecasting long-trem demand. The forecasting results for the next five years show that xiushan’s Mn-demand grows exponentially with time. And the recoverable reserve in Xiushan is 24 million tons, which has the safeguard year of 10 years. Thus, the safeguard year (or degree) of Xiushan’s manganese resources is insufficient. The indemnificatory degree of manganese resources could be improved by through cascading exploitation to improve the comprehensive utilizationrate of manganese, standardizing the mining order to improve recovery rate, carrying out green mining technical.
Based on the concept of coal green mining the manganese green mining technology was presented for dealing with the problems of manganese resources shortage and environmental pollution brought by Mn-mining. Then this paper established greening technical system of mining including mining with water-protected, mining with surface subsidence reduced, non-waste mining, and the co-extraction technology of the associated minerals. Assessment system on the manganese resources green mining was suggested by AHP.
引文
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[8]陈静.社会、经济、资源、环境协调发展的建模与评价[D].河北工业大学, 2002.
[9]张晓东,池天河.90年代中国省级区域经济与环境协调度分析[J].地理研究, 2001,20(4):506-515.
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[11]尹海伟,孔繁花.山东省各市经济环境协调度分析[J].人文地理, 2005,20(2):30-34.
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