基于DSP的皮蛋破损检测技术研究
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摘要
皮蛋是一种风味独特、营养丰富的蛋制品。皮蛋蛋壳的破损对其品质有严重的影响,因而在皮蛋加工过程中,检测和剔除损壳皮蛋是一道极为关键的工序。而目前皮蛋的破损检测主要采用人工检测的方法,这种方法的生产成本高,需求人力大,生产效益低,无法满足生产要求,因此,研究设计出一种皮蛋破损的自动检测系统具有重大的意义。
本文利用皮蛋蛋壳的声学特性结合DSP技术对皮蛋破损进行检测。为了提高检测的准确度,试验时对皮蛋的大头端、小头端和中间三个不同部位分别进行敲击,结合三次的声音信号作出综合的分析。然后在DSP的设备上对皮蛋破损的分析结果进行验证,并进一步完善检测系统。主要研究内容如下：
(1)搭建声音采集与检测的硬件平台。声音信号的采集及处理硬件设备以TMS320DM642处理器为核心,其试验平台采用的是合众达公司的SEED-VPM642多媒体实验箱,上面集成了多种外设,有4路声音输入/输出接口。与DSP的McASP接口进行数据交换的音频器件TLV320AIC23B芯片能对声音信号进行采样和A/D、D/A转换等处理,并对连接输入设备(如麦克风)提供前置或可编程放大器。通过XDS560型仿真器实现计算机与SEED-VPM642多媒体实验平台的通讯。
(2)皮蛋破损检测系统的软件设计。系统以CCS 60002.20.18作为软件开发平台,CCS2可以编辑汇编源代码和C语言源代码,本文采用的是C语言编写皮蛋破损检测程序。另外,DSP芯片提供了CSL库函数,利用CSL库函数对DM642系统初始化和对外设参数进行设计。通过XDS560型仿真器把CCS2软件和目标板相连,可以在PC机上显示结果,达到实时检测的效果。
(3)对声音信号处理方法进行了研究。本文设计了巴特沃斯直接Ⅱ型结构带通滤波器去除噪音信号,然后根据采样频率确定提取128个采样点作为有效信号,利用短时能量和过零率算法确定有效声音信号的起点,最后对声音信号进行FFT变换。
(4)判别模型的建立及检测系统的验证。借助MATLAB软件对离散的数据序列频谱和功率谱分析,对比好壳皮蛋和破损皮蛋的功率谱图,找出它们的差异并确定特征参数,最终以功率谱面积、共振峰频率、共振峰幅值(功率谱幅值的最大值)和共振峰频率的平均值和求极差作为判别模型的特征变量,根据Bayes判别原理,建立判别模型。在DSP的设备上对皮蛋破损的判别函数进行验证,好壳蛋和损壳蛋的判别准确率分别为87.5%和82.9%。
综上所述,本文设计的皮蛋破损检测系统性能稳定,有较高的准确率。对皮蛋的无损检测研究具有参考价值,为其进一步研究打下了基础。
Preserved egg is a kind of egg which has particular flavor and rich nutrition. The disunitiness of preserved egg did have a serious effect on the quality of it, and therefore during the process of the manufacturing, the examination and elimination of broken eggs are the key procedures. At the present, we mainly adopt artificial examination which means mass manpower; low production efficiency and can not match the requirement of the manufacturing. Hence to exploit an automatic examination system of broken preserved egg means a lot.
This paper adopts the acoustics speciality of the eggshell of preserved egg combined with DSP technology to exam the broken egg. To improve the veracity of the examination, we hit the different positions of the egg, two ends and the middle, band together the 3 times vocality signals to make a comprehensive judgment. Then carries on the confirmation to the preserved egg breakage's analysis result on DSP equipment, and goes a step further to consummate the examination system. The main research content is as follows:
(1) Build sound gathering and examination hardware platform. The system use TMS320DM642 processor as its core, and the experiment introduces SEED-VPM642 multimedia experiment case of Hezhongda Company which integrates multi external fixings, and 4-way sound input and output interfaces. Audio frequency equipment TLV320AIC23B chip who exchanges data with McASP interface of DSP can take sample of vocality signals and invert from A/D to D/A or backwards, moreover it can also provide microphone preamplifier or programmable amplifier for input facility like microphone. Realizes the communication of computer and SEED-VPM642 multimedia experiment through XDS560 emluator.
(2) Preserved egg breakage examination system's software design. The system applies CCS 6000 2.20.18 as its software developing flat which can edit assembly source code and C-language source code. In this paper we use C-language to compile the detecting program of broken preserved egg. On the other side, DSP chip provides CSL database function which can be used to initialize of DM642 system and design eternal setup parameter. The result can be shown in the PC computer by the connection of CCS2 software and target board through XDS560 emluator and achieves real time detection.
(3) For voice signal processing method was studied. the thesis contrives Butterworth-direct-Ⅱconfiguration band-pass filter wipe off noise signals, then according to the sample frequency sure extraction 128 sampling points as valid signal, utilizing short-term energy and zero rate algorithm of effective voice signal extracted, finally makes FFT change to sound signals.
(4) Discriminant model and detection system verification.by dint of MATLAB software to analyze the discrete data sequence frequency chart and power chart, and compare the power chart of the intact preserved egg and broken one to fond out the differences and confirm the eigen-parameter, and finally build up distinguish model based on Bayes distinguish theory whose character variables are power chart area, formant frequency, and the average and extreme dispersion of formant frequency, formant breadth (the maximum of power chart breadth). Confirmation preserved egg breakage criterion function on DSP equipment, the discrimination accuracy of good shell eggs and loss of shell eggs is 87.5 and 82.9%.
In summary, the examination system performance of preserved egg breakage is stable and the high rate of accuracy.it has the reference value to preserved egg non-destructive inspection research, and lays the foundationfor its further studies.
本文利用皮蛋蛋壳的声学特性结合DSP技术对皮蛋破损进行检测。为了提高检测的准确度,试验时对皮蛋的大头端、小头端和中间三个不同部位分别进行敲击,结合三次的声音信号作出综合的分析。然后在DSP的设备上对皮蛋破损的分析结果进行验证,并进一步完善检测系统。主要研究内容如下：
(1)搭建声音采集与检测的硬件平台。声音信号的采集及处理硬件设备以TMS320DM642处理器为核心,其试验平台采用的是合众达公司的SEED-VPM642多媒体实验箱,上面集成了多种外设,有4路声音输入/输出接口。与DSP的McASP接口进行数据交换的音频器件TLV320AIC23B芯片能对声音信号进行采样和A/D、D/A转换等处理,并对连接输入设备(如麦克风)提供前置或可编程放大器。通过XDS560型仿真器实现计算机与SEED-VPM642多媒体实验平台的通讯。
(2)皮蛋破损检测系统的软件设计。系统以CCS 60002.20.18作为软件开发平台,CCS2可以编辑汇编源代码和C语言源代码,本文采用的是C语言编写皮蛋破损检测程序。另外,DSP芯片提供了CSL库函数,利用CSL库函数对DM642系统初始化和对外设参数进行设计。通过XDS560型仿真器把CCS2软件和目标板相连,可以在PC机上显示结果,达到实时检测的效果。
(3)对声音信号处理方法进行了研究。本文设计了巴特沃斯直接Ⅱ型结构带通滤波器去除噪音信号,然后根据采样频率确定提取128个采样点作为有效信号,利用短时能量和过零率算法确定有效声音信号的起点,最后对声音信号进行FFT变换。
(4)判别模型的建立及检测系统的验证。借助MATLAB软件对离散的数据序列频谱和功率谱分析,对比好壳皮蛋和破损皮蛋的功率谱图,找出它们的差异并确定特征参数,最终以功率谱面积、共振峰频率、共振峰幅值(功率谱幅值的最大值)和共振峰频率的平均值和求极差作为判别模型的特征变量,根据Bayes判别原理,建立判别模型。在DSP的设备上对皮蛋破损的判别函数进行验证,好壳蛋和损壳蛋的判别准确率分别为87.5%和82.9%。
综上所述,本文设计的皮蛋破损检测系统性能稳定,有较高的准确率。对皮蛋的无损检测研究具有参考价值,为其进一步研究打下了基础。
Preserved egg is a kind of egg which has particular flavor and rich nutrition. The disunitiness of preserved egg did have a serious effect on the quality of it, and therefore during the process of the manufacturing, the examination and elimination of broken eggs are the key procedures. At the present, we mainly adopt artificial examination which means mass manpower; low production efficiency and can not match the requirement of the manufacturing. Hence to exploit an automatic examination system of broken preserved egg means a lot.
This paper adopts the acoustics speciality of the eggshell of preserved egg combined with DSP technology to exam the broken egg. To improve the veracity of the examination, we hit the different positions of the egg, two ends and the middle, band together the 3 times vocality signals to make a comprehensive judgment. Then carries on the confirmation to the preserved egg breakage's analysis result on DSP equipment, and goes a step further to consummate the examination system. The main research content is as follows:
(1) Build sound gathering and examination hardware platform. The system use TMS320DM642 processor as its core, and the experiment introduces SEED-VPM642 multimedia experiment case of Hezhongda Company which integrates multi external fixings, and 4-way sound input and output interfaces. Audio frequency equipment TLV320AIC23B chip who exchanges data with McASP interface of DSP can take sample of vocality signals and invert from A/D to D/A or backwards, moreover it can also provide microphone preamplifier or programmable amplifier for input facility like microphone. Realizes the communication of computer and SEED-VPM642 multimedia experiment through XDS560 emluator.
(2) Preserved egg breakage examination system's software design. The system applies CCS 6000 2.20.18 as its software developing flat which can edit assembly source code and C-language source code. In this paper we use C-language to compile the detecting program of broken preserved egg. On the other side, DSP chip provides CSL database function which can be used to initialize of DM642 system and design eternal setup parameter. The result can be shown in the PC computer by the connection of CCS2 software and target board through XDS560 emluator and achieves real time detection.
(3) For voice signal processing method was studied. the thesis contrives Butterworth-direct-Ⅱconfiguration band-pass filter wipe off noise signals, then according to the sample frequency sure extraction 128 sampling points as valid signal, utilizing short-term energy and zero rate algorithm of effective voice signal extracted, finally makes FFT change to sound signals.
(4) Discriminant model and detection system verification.by dint of MATLAB software to analyze the discrete data sequence frequency chart and power chart, and compare the power chart of the intact preserved egg and broken one to fond out the differences and confirm the eigen-parameter, and finally build up distinguish model based on Bayes distinguish theory whose character variables are power chart area, formant frequency, and the average and extreme dispersion of formant frequency, formant breadth (the maximum of power chart breadth). Confirmation preserved egg breakage criterion function on DSP equipment, the discrimination accuracy of good shell eggs and loss of shell eggs is 87.5 and 82.9%.
In summary, the examination system performance of preserved egg breakage is stable and the high rate of accuracy.it has the reference value to preserved egg non-destructive inspection research, and lays the foundationfor its further studies.
引文
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