摘要
聚醚类嵌段共聚物作为一类典型的高分子表面活性剂,其结构有着丰富的可设计性,如合成中可控制各链段的长度、EO/PO的比例以及嵌段共聚物的分子量等。PEO和PPO在水中的溶解度具有温度依赖性,加之溶液体系溶剂选择的多样性,极大地丰富了其在溶液中形成聚集体的形态。由PEO和PPO嵌段组成的高分子表面活性剂早已广泛用作乳化、润湿、增溶剂等。由这两种嵌段组成的线型三嵌段共聚物有两种类型:Pluronic型和Pluronic-R型,前者常表示为(PEO)_n(PPO)_m(PEO)_n,而后者为(PPO)_m(PEO)_n(PPO)_m,其中n和m分别表示氧乙烯(EO)和氧丙烯(PO)单元的数目。PPO嵌段在水溶液中表现出疏水性质,而PEO嵌段与水亲合,从而使整个分子呈现出两亲性。在水溶液体系,其浓度、结构参数(如嵌段共聚物的分子量和嵌段(EO/PO)比)、链构型(PEO-PPO-PEO或PPO-PEO-PPO)以及体系的温度,对其聚集行为和应用效果有着显著的影响。
聚醚类高分子表面活性剂因其具有丰富的结构和聚集行为,故成为人们研究的热点。本实验室已合成了多种类型的EO-PO类表面活性剂,并用实验方法和分子模拟等手段对其性质进行了研究。在这些工作的基础上,本论文通过表面张力、核磁共振、稳态荧光、透射电子显微镜和界面扩张流变等方法对本实验室合成的多枝状嵌段聚醚AE82和AE83的物理化学性质进行了研究,并考察了AE82和AE83的水溶液对碳纳米管(CNTs)的分散效果,在此基础上,研究了水性环氧树脂E570作为清漆涂料时,CNTs/聚醚分散体系对它的影响。论文主要包括以下四部分内容:
论文的第一部分概述了嵌段聚醚高分子表面活性剂的聚集行为和应用,介绍了CNTs的结构、性质和应用,并综述了两亲分子对CNTs的分散稳定作用。
论文的第二部分通过表面张力、稳态荧光、电镜和界面扩张流变等方法研究了本实验室合成的多枝状嵌段聚醚AE82和AE83的聚集行为,并对比研究了四个支链的嵌段聚醚T1107和T90R4的聚集行为。结果表明,AE82和AE83降低水的表面张力的效率和效能都远高于T1107和T90R4,且在空气/水界面上的饱和吸附量也都高于T1107和T90R4,而占据的分子最小截面积低于二者,说明AE82和AE83分子在空气/水界面上的排列要比T1107和T90R4分子紧密。稳态荧光光谱实验结果表明,微环境的疏水性大小顺序为AE82>AE83,表面活性为AE82>AE83,与表面张力法得出的结论都是一致的。TEM结果表明,随着浓度的增大,AE82分子倾向于形成一个大胶束,而AE83分子倾向于形成新的胶束。这主要是因为分子结构和分子量的差异。界面扩张流变的结果证明,扩张频率越大,AE82的扩张模量和弹性模量越高,而相角随频率的增加不断降低。
论文的第三部分主要通过UV-vis-NIR吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和高分辨透射电镜等方法研究了多枝状嵌段聚醚AE82,AE83分散CNTs的能力,比较了它们对CNTs分散能力的差异。结果表明,多枝状嵌段聚醚AE82和AE83都具有分散CNTs的能力,而T1107和T90R4不能分散CNTs,这是由于T90R4的是PPO-PEO型聚醚,PO嵌段在外侧不利于分散CNTs,而T1107的PO含量过低,疏水性较差,不足以与CNTs的侧壁发生疏水相互作用。虽然多枝状嵌段聚醚AE82和AE83的分子结构很相似,但是AE82分散CNTs的效果优于AE83,这可能是因为AE82的表面活性、饱和吸附量和疏水性均较高,导致AE82更易于和CNTs的侧壁发生疏水作用,并且AE82的EO含量较高,也有利于阻止CNTs的聚集。从CNTs/AE82分散体系的UV-vis-NIR吸收光谱可得,被分散的CNTs的浓度随着AE82浓度的增加先增大后降低,对于CNTs/AE83分散体系,被分散的CNTs的浓度随着AE83浓度的增加先急剧升高,然后缓慢升高。根据AE82,AE83,T1107和T90R4对CNTs不同的分散效果进一步验证了前人提出的聚醚分散CNTs的机制:聚醚的疏水链PO基团通过疏水作用吸附在CNTs的侧壁上,而亲水链EO基团伸展于水溶液中阻止CNTs的聚集。
论文的第四部分主要比较了纯水体系、多枝状嵌段聚醚水溶液体系和CNTs/聚醚分散体系对水性环氧树脂E570作为清漆涂料时的影响。固化时间都是随着固化温度的升高先迅速下降,当温度达到50℃时,固化时间基本不随温度的升高而变化。AE82和AE83的加入大大缩短了E570的固化时间,并且AE83比AE82的固化时间要短,但是加入AE82和AE83的水溶液与加入CNTs/聚醚分散体系的效果相当,说明在缩短E570的固化时间方面主要是AE82和AE83在起作用。CNTs/聚醚分散体系浓度的改变并没有对水溶液环氧树脂E570的固化时间有很大的影响。含有CNTs/聚醚分散体系的漆膜硬度要高于含有单纯的聚醚水溶液的漆膜硬度,也就是漆膜的硬度的提高主要是因为碳纳米管的存在。
Polyether block copolymer as a typical macromolecular surfactant,is rich in its structure can be designed.Synthesis can be controlled,such as the length of each segment,the ratio of EO/PO and molecular weight of block copolymer,etc.The solubility of PEO and PPO in water with a temperature-dependent,in addition to the diversity of solvent system,greatly enriched in the solution of this type of block copolymer self-assembly in the formation of supramolecular aggregates of the study. PEO and PPO block polymer composed of surfactants have been widely used as emulsifying,wetting,solubilization and so on.There are two types of the linear triblock copolymers:Pluronic and Pluronic-R type,the former often is expressed as (PEO)_n(PPO)_m(PEO)_n,while the latter is(PPO)_m(PEO)_n(PPO)_m,in which n and m, respectively,ethylene oxide(EO) and propylene oxide(PO) number of units.PPO block is hydrophobic and PEO is hydrophilic.It may affect their aggregation in aqueous solution and application that the concentration of the aqueous system or temperature,structural parameters(such as block copolymer molecular weight and the ratio of EO/PO),chain conformation(PEO-PPO-PEO or PPO-PEO-PPO),etc..
Polyether macromolecular surfactant has been an interesting research because of its various structure and aggregation behavior.Several kinds of amphiphilic polyether copolymers have been synthesized in our laboratory,and the properties such as aggregation behavior and interfacial properties have been investigated by experimental methods and molecular simulation,such as dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and mesoscale dynamics(MesoDyn) simulation methods.On the base of these researches,the physical and chemical properties of branched polyethers(denoted as AE82 and AE83,which were synthesized via anionic polymerization in our lab) are studied by surface tension,steady-state fluorescence measurements and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),etc.Moreover,the dispersion of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) by branched polyether in aqueous solution is investigated.On the basis,the impact of CNTs/polyether dispersion system is studied when waterborne epoxy resin(E570) is applied as varnish coating.This thesis includes four topics.
In the first section,the aggregation behavior in solution and application of block copolymer are summarized.The properties and applications of carbon nanotubes are also presented.And the dispersion of carbon nanotubes by amphiphilic molecules is expatiated.
In the second section,the aggregation behaviors of AE82 and AE83,in aqueous solutions were investigated by surface tension,steady-state fluorescence,TEM and the surface dilational viscoelasticity.For comparison,a commercially available block copolymer,Tetronic 1107(T1107) and Tetronic 90R4(T90R4),were also studied.It is found that both the efficiency and the effectiveness of AE82 and AE83 to lower the surface tension of water are higher than those of T1107 and T90R4.The T_(max) values of them are higher and the A_(min) values of them are lower than that of T1107 and T90R4.From fluorescence measurement,it can be conclude that the order of micro-environment hydrophobicity(AE82>AE83) and the order of ability to lower the surface tension of water(AE82>AE83).This is consistent to the conclusions of surface tension measurement.TEM observations reveal that,with increasing concentration,AE82 molecules tend to form a large micelle,while AE83 tend to form a new micelle.
In the third section,the ability of dispersing carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in aqueous solutions by branched polyether(AE82 and AE83) was investigated by UV-vis-NIR, Raman spectra and HRTEM observations.For comparison,T1107 and T90R4 were also studied.From the experiments,it was found that AE82 and AE83 can get stable CNTs dispersions for three months while they were not the case for T1107 and T90R4. It is difficult to disperse CNTs by T90R4 because of PPO-PEO type.T1107 is PEO-PPO type,but its low PO%and poor hydrophobicity are not enough to have hydrophobic interaction with the sidewall of CNTs.Although AE82 and AE83 have similar molecular structure,the dispersion by AE82 is better than by AE83.Because AE82 has higher T_(max) value,stronger hydrophobic and better ability to lower the surface tension of water.It is easier to inteact with the sidewall of CNTs by absorption. Its higher EO%also can stop from the aggregation of CNTs.The absorbance of UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra of CNTs/AE82 system shows that with the increased concentration of AE82 aqueous solution,the concentration of dispersed CNTs increased,and then decrease.But to CNTs/AE83 system,with the increased concentration of AE83 aqueous solution,the concentration of dispersed CNTs increased sharply,and then rose up slowly.The mechanism of dispersing CNTs by different copolymers can be rationalized,that is,when mixed with CNTs,the PO groups would interact with the sidewall of CNTs while the EO groups extend into water and hence create steric repulsion.
In the forth section,we compared with the different affection of water system, multi-branched polyether aqueous solution system and CNTs/polyether system when waterborne epoxy resin(E570) is applied as varnish coating.Multi-branched polyether(AE82 and AE83) can shorten the curing time of E570,and CNTs can improve the rigidity of E570 as varnish coating.Curing time is increased with the curing temperature to drop rapidly when the temperature reaches 50℃,the curing time has no change with temperature.
引文
[1]李宗石,徐明新.表面活性剂合成与工艺.北京:轻工业出版社,1990;276.
[2]张志庆.多枝状嵌段聚醚高分子表面活性剂的合成、表征与应用,博士学位论文;2005
[3]严瑞宣.水溶性高分子.北京:化学工业出版社,1998;42
[4]杜巧云,葛虹.表面活性剂基础及应用.北京:中国石化出版社,1996;238
[5]Pirma,I.Polymeric Surfactants.New York:Marcel Dekker,1992
[6]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学,北京大学出版社,北京;1984.
[7]Lunsted,L.G.;Schmolka,I.R.Block and Graft Copcly-merization,Ceresa R.J.,ed.Vol 2.London:John Wiley & Sons,1976.
[8] Alexandridis, P.; Hatton, T. A. Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) block copolymer surfactants in aqueous solutions and at interfaces: thermodynamics, structure, dynamics, and modeling, Colloids and Surfaces A: 1995; 96: 1-46.
[9] Zheng, L.; Guo, C.; Wang, J.; Liang, X.; Chen, S.; Ma, J.; Yang, B.; Jiang, Y.; Liu, H. Effect of ionic liquids on the aggregation behavior of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers in aqueous solution, J. Phys. Chem. B.; 2007; 111(6): 1327-1333.
[10] Zipfel, J.; Lindner, P.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P.; Richtering, W. Shear-induced formation of multilamellar vesicles in block copolymers, Langmuir; 1999; 15(8): 2599-2602.
[11] Wang, R.; Knoll, H.; Rittig, F.; K(?)rger, J. Fluorescence probe and pulsed field gradient NMR study of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer F88, Langmuir, 2001; 17(24): 7464-7467.
[12] Bryskhe, K.; Jansson, J.; Topgaard, D.; Schill(?)n, K.; Olsson, U. Spontaneous vesicle formation in a block copolymer system, J. Phys. Chem. B; 2004; 108(28): 9710-3719.
[13] Guo, C.; Wang, J.; Liu, H.; Chen, J. Hydration and conformation of temperature-dependent micellization of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers in aqueous solutions by FT-Raman, Langmuir,1999; 15(8); 2703-2708.
[14] Zana, R.; Marques, C.; Johner, A. Dynamics of micelles of the triblock copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) in aqueous solution, Adv.Colloid Interface Sci.; 2006; 123-126: 345-351.
[15] Guzman, M.; Garcia, F. F.; Molpeceres, J.; Aberturas, M. R. Poly oxyethylene-poly oxypropylene block copolymer gels as sustained release vehicles for subcutaneous drug administration, International J. Pharmaceutics; 1992; 80: 119-127.
[16] Hurter, P. N.; Haton, T. A. Solubilization of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons by poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) block copolymer micelles: Effects of polymer structure,Langmuir; 1992; 8: 1291-1299.
[17] Murhammer, D. W.; Goochee, C. F. Structural features of nonionic polyglycol polymer molecules responsible for the protective effect in sparged animal gell bioreactors, Biotechnol.Prog.; 1990; 6: 142-148.
[18]Matsuyama,K.;Enjoji,T.;Mishima,K.;Oka,S.;Uchiyama,H.;Ide,M.;Nagatani,M.Partition coefficients of amylase,maltose and starch in aqueous two-phase systems containing polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer,Solvent Extraction Research and Development.Japan;1997;4:80-88.
[19]Johansson,H.O.;Karlstrom,G.;Tjerneld,F.Phase partitioning of peptides in water solutions of temperature-induced ethylene oxide and propylene oxide random copolymers,Biochim.Biophys.Acta.;1997;1335:315-325.
[20]Mortensen,K.;Batsberg,W.;Hvidt,S.Effects of PEO-PPO diblock impurities on the cubic structure of aqueous PEO-PPO-PEO pluronics micelles:fcc and bcc ordered structures in F127,Macromolecules;2008;41(5):1720-1727.
[21]Ma,J.H.;Guo,C.;Tang,Y.L.;Liu,H.Z.~1H NMR spectroscopic investigations on the micellization and gelation of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers in aqueous solutions,Langmuir;2007;23(19):9596-9605.
[22]Ma,J.H.;Guo,C.;Tang,Y.L.;Wang,J.;Zheng,L.;Liang,X.F.;Chen,S.;Liu,H.Z.Salt-induced micellization of a triblock copolymer in aqueous solution:A ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study,Langmuir;2007;23(6):3075-3083.
[23]Chen,S.H.;Chen,W.R.;Mallamace,F.;The glass-to-glass transition and its end point in a copolymer micellar system.Science 2003,300,619-622.
[24]Zhang,K.;Khan,A.;Phase behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide)-Poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers in water.Macromolecules 1995,28,3807-3812.
[25]赵剑曦,Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束化行为及其胶束增溶,精细化工,2001,18(12),721-730
[26]Sedeva,R.;Steitzb,R.;Findenegg,G.H.;The structure of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers at the water/air interface.Physica B.2002,315,267-272
[27]Wanka,G.;Hoffmann,H.;Ulbricht,W.;Phase diagrams and aggregation behavior of poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethlene) triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions,Macromolecules 1994.27,4145-4159
[28]Alexandridis,P.;Athanassiou,V.;Fukuda S.;Hatton T.A.;Surface activity of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers.Langmuir 1994,10,2604-2612.
[29]Xin,X.;Xu,G.Y.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Chen,Y.J.;Wang,F.;Aggregation behavior of star-like PEO- PPO- PEO block copolymer in aqueous solution.European Polymer Journal,2007,43:3106-3111.
[30]Xin,X.;Xu,G.Y.;Wang,Y.J.;Mao,H.Z.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Interaction between star-like block copolymer and sodium oleate in aqueous solutions.European Polymer Journal,2008,44(10):3246-3255.
[31]Dong,S.L.;Li,X.;Xu,G.Y.;Hoffmann,H.;A cationic fluorocarbon surfactant DEFUMAC1 and its mixed systems with cationic surfactants:~(19)F NMR and surface tension study.J.Phys.Chem.B,2007,111:5903-5910.
[32]Vieira,J.B.;Li,Z.X.;Thomas,R.K.;Structure of triblock copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide at the air/water interface determined by neutron reflection.J.Phys.Chem.B 2002,106:10641-1064.
[33]Liang,X.F.;Guo,C.;Ma,J.H.;Wang,J.;Chen S.;Liu,H.Z.;Temperature-dependent aggregation and disaggregation of poly(ethyleneoxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer in aqueous solution..J.Phys.Chem.B,2007,111:13217-13220.
[34]Yang,Z.H.;Sharma,R.;Dynamics of PEO-PPO-PEO and PPO-PEO-PPO triblock copolymers at the air/water interface upon thermal stimulation.Langmuir,2001,17:6254-6261.
[35]朱艳艳,徐桂英,界面扩张流变方法研究大分子与表面活性剂的相互作用,物理化学学报,2009,25(1):191-200.
[36]Wang,Y.Y.;Zhang,L.;Sun,T.L.;Zhao,S.;Yu,J.Y.;A study of interracial dilational properties of two different structure demulsifiers at oil-water interfaces,J.Colloid Interface Sci.;2004,270:163-170
[37]Wang,Y.Y.;Dai,Y.H.;Zhang,L.;Tang,K.;Luo,L.;Gong,Q.T.;Zhao,S.;Li,M.Z.;Wang,E.J.;Yu,J.Y.;The interracial dilational properties of hydrophobically modified associating polyacrylamide studied by the interracial tension relaxation method at an oil-water interface,J.Colloid Interface Sci.;2004,280:76-82
[38] Zhang, J.; Gassmann, M.; Chen, X. M.; Burger, C.; Rong, L. X.; Ying, Q. C.; Chu, B.;Characterization of a reversible thermoresponsive gel and its application to oligonucleotide separation. Macromolecules 2007, 40: 5537-5544
[39] Shi, H. W.; Zhang, S. J.; Steitz, R ; Chen, J. Q.; Uredat, S.; Findeneg, G. H.; Surface coatings of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers on native and polystyrene-coated silicon wafers. Colloids and Surfaces A: 2004, 246: 81-89
[40] Brandani, P.; Stroeve, P.. Adsorption and desorption of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers on a self-assembled hydrophobic surface. Macromolecules, 2003, 36: 9492-9501
[41] Brandani, P.; Stroeve, P.. Kinetics and equilibria of adsorption of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers on a hydrophilic self-assembled monolayer on gold. Macromolecules, 2004, 37:6640-6643
[42] Wu, C. H.; Liu, T. B.; White, H.; Chu, B.. Atomic force microscopy study of E_(99)P_(69)E_(99) triblock copolymer chains on silicon surface. Langmuir, 2000, 16: 656-661
[43] Chen, S.; Guo, C.; Hu, G. H.; Wang, J.; Ma, J. H.; Liang, X. F.; Zheng L.; Liu, H. Z.. Effect of hydrophobicity inside PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer micelles on the stabilization of gold nanoparticles: Experiments. Langmuir 2006, 22, 9704-9711.
[44] Su, Y. L.; Wei, X. F.; Liu, H. Z. Effect of sodium chloride on association behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer in aqueous solutions.J. Colloid and Interface Sci, 2003,264,526-531
[45] Mata, J. P.; Majhi, P. R.; Guo, C.; Liu, H.Z.; Bahadur, P.; Concentration, temperature, and salt-induced micellization of a triblock copolymer Pluronic L64 in aqueous media. J.Colloid Interface Sci. 2005, 292, 548-556
[46] Ma, J. H.; Guo, C.; Tang, Y. L.; Wang, J.; Zheng, L.; Liang, X.F.; Chen, S.; Liu, H.Z. Salt-Induced Micellization of a Triblock Copolymer in Aqueous Solution: A ~1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Langmuir 2007, 23, 3075-3083
[47] Su, Y. L.; Wei, X. F.; Liu, H. Z.. Influence of 1-Pentanol on the micellization of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyleneoxide) block copolymers in aqueous solutions. Langmuir 2003, 19, 2995-3000
[48]Yang,B.;Guo,C.;Chen,S.;Ma,J.H.;Wang,J.;Liang,X.F.;Zheng,L.;Liu,H.Z.Effect of acid on the aggregation of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers.J.Phys.Chem.B 2006,110,23068-23074
[49]Ma,J.H.;Guo,C.;Tang,Y.L.;Liu,H.Z..Interaction of yrea with pluronic block copolymers by ~1H-NMR spectroscopy.J.Phys.Chem.B 2007,111,5155-5161
[50]Qi,L.M..Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science,Taylor & Francis,New York:P.Somasundaran,Eds.,2006,6183
[51]Wang,F.;Xu,G.Y.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Xin,X..;Synthesis of monodisperse CdS nano-spheres in inverse microemulsion system formed by dendritic polyether copolymer;Eur.J.Inorg.Chem.;2006;1:109-114.
[52]Wang,F.;Xu,G.Y.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Xin,X..Morphology control of barium sulfate by PEO-PPO-PEOas crystal growth modifier;Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects,2005,259:151-154
[53]Wang,L.;Chen,X.;Zhan,J.;Sui,Z.;Zhao,J.;Sun Z.Controllable morphology formation of gold nano- and micro-plates in amphiphilic block copolymer-based liquid crystalline phase,Chem.Lett.;2004;33(6):720-721.
[54]Wang,L.;Chen,X.;Zhan,J.;Chai,Y;Yang,C.;Xu,L.;Zhuang,W.;Jing,B.Synthesis of gold nano- and microplates in hexagonal liquid crystals,J.Phys Chem.B;2005;109:3189-3194.
[55]Alexandridis,P.;Nivaggioli,T.;Hatton,T.A.;Temperature effects on structural properties of pluronic P104 and F108 PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer solutions.Langmuir 1995,11:1468-1476.
[56]Su,Y.L.;Wang,J.;Liu,H.Z.;FTIR spectroscopic investigation of effects of temperature and concentration on PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer properties in aqueous solutions.Macromolecules 2002,35:6426-6431.
[57]Duval,M.;Waton,G.;Schosseler,F.;Temperature-induced growth of wormlike copolymer micelles.Langmuir 2005,21:4904-4911.
[58]Dutt,G.B.;How critical micelle temperature influences rotational diffusion of hydrophobic probes solubilized in aqueous triblock copolymer solutions.J.Phys.Chem.B.2005,109: 4923-4928.
[59]Su,Y.L.;Wang,J.;Liu,H.Z.;FTIR spectroscopic study on effects of temperature and polymer composition on the structural properties of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer micelles.Langmuir 2002,18:5370-5374.
[60]Su,Y.L.;Wang,J.;Liu,H.Z.;Formation of a hydrophobic microenvironment in aqueous PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer solutions investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.J.Phys.Chem.B 2002,106:11823-11828.
[61]Su,Y.L.;Wang,J.;Liu,H.Z.;Hydration and micellization of the PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer studied by FTIR spectroscopy.J.Colloid Interface Sci.2002,251:417-423.
[62]Ma,J.H.;Guo,C.;Tang,Y.L.;Zhang,H.;Liu,H.Z.Probing paeonol-pluronic polymer interactions by ~1H-N1V[R spectroscopy.J.Phys.Chem.B 2007,111.13371-13378
[63]Jansson,J.;Schillen,K.;Nilsson,M.;Soderman,O.;Fritz,G.;Bergmarm,A.;Glatter,O.;Small-angle X-ray scattering,light scattering,and NMR study of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer/cationic surfactant complexes in aqueous solution;J.Phys.Chem.B;2005;109(15):7073-7083
[64]董姝丽,阳离子碳氟表面活性剂DEFUMAC1及其混合体系聚集特性的NMR研究,博士学位论文,济南:山东大学,2008
[65]Christian,A.S.;Niklas,H.;Bradley,F.C.;Interactions of charged porphyrins with nonionic triblock copolymer hosts in aqueous solutions;Langmuir,2004,20:10399
[66]Wenz,G.;Han,B.H.;Muller,A.;Cyclodextrin rotaxanes and polyrotaxanes.;Chem.Rev,.2006,106:782-817
[67]Huang,F.H.;Gibson,H.W.;Polypseudorotaxanes and polyrotaxanes.;Prog.Polym.Sci.,2005,30:982-1018
[68]Miyake,K.;Yasuda,S.;Harada,A.;Formation process of cyclodextrin necklace-analysis of hydrogen bonding on a molecular level.;J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2003,125:5080-5085
[69]Liu,Y.;Yang,Y.W.;Chen,Y.;Polyrotaxane with cyclodextrins as stoppers and its assembly behavior;Macromolecules,2005,38:5838-5840
[70]Xue,J.;Chen,L.;Zhou,L.;Jia,Z.F.;Wang,W.P.;Zhu,X.Y.;Yan,D.Y.;Effect of end groups on complexation kinetics between cyclodextrins and guest polymers.;J.Phys.Chem.B:2006,44:2050-2057
[71]Yu,H.Q.;Feng,Z.G.;Zhang,A.Y.;Hou,D.D.;Sun,L.G..Novel triblock copolymers synthesized via radical telomerization of N-isopropylacrylamide in the presence of polypseudorotaxanes made from thiolated PEG and α-CDs.Polymer,2006,47:6066-6071
[72]Yang,C.;Wang,X.;Li,H.Z.;Goh,S.H.;Li,J..Synthesis and characterization of polyrotaxanes consisting of cationic α-Cyclodextrins threaded on poly[(ethylene oxide)-ran-(propylene oxide)]as gene carriers.Biomacromolecules,2007,8:3365-3374
[73]Osaki,M.;Takashima,Y.;Yamaguchi,H.;Harada,A.;An artificial molecular chaperone:Poly-pseudo-rotaxane with an extensible axle.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2007,129:14452-14457.
[74]Hunt,M.A.;Tonelli,A.E.;Balik,C.M.;Effect of guest hydrophobicity on water sorption behavior of oligomer-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.J.Phys.Chem.B,2007,111:3853-3858
[75]Kataoka,T.;Kidowaki,M.;Zhao,C.M.;Minamikawa,H..Local and network structure of thermoreversible polyrotaxane hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) and methylated α-Cyclodextrins.J.Phys.Chem.B,2006,110:24377-24383
[76]He,L.H.;Huang,J.;Chen,Y.M.;Xu,X.J.;Liu,L.P..Inclusion interaction of highly densely PEO grafted polymer brushand α-Cyclodextrin.Macromolecules,2005,38:3845-3851
[77]Nostro,P.L.;Giustini,L.;Fratini,E.;Ninham,B.W.;Ridi,F.;Baglioni,P..Threading;growth;and aggregation of pseudopolyrotaxanes.J.Phys.Chem.B,2008,112:1071-1081
[78]史晓峰,线型及支状嵌段聚醚的界面聚集行为,硕士学位论文,济南:山东大学,2008
[79]Cao,X.R.;Xu,G.Y.;Li,Y.M.;Zhang,Z.Q.Aggregation of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers in aqueous solution:DPD simulation study,J.Phys.Chem.A;2005;109:10418-10423.
[80]Li,Y.M.;Xu,G..Y.;Zhu,Y.Y..The aggregation behavior of EO_nPO_mEO_n in the presence of surfactant:Mesoscale modeling;Colloids Surf.A,2009,334:124-130
[81]Anderson,J.A.;Travesset,A.;Simulations of gels of nonionic multiblock copolymers with hydrophobic groups.Macromolecules,2006,39:5143-5151
[82]Bedrov,D.;Ayyagari,C.;Smith,G.D.;Multiscale modeling of poly(ethyleneoxide)- poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer micelles in aqueous solution. J.Chem. Theory Comput. 2006, 2: 598-606
[83] Jiang, R.; Jin, Q. H.; Li, B. H.; Ding, D.T.. Phase diagram of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions. Macromolecules 2006, 39:5891-5896
[84] Bedrov, D.; Smith, G. D.; Yoon, J. Y.; Structure and interactions in micellar solutions: Molecular simulations of pluronic L64 aqueous solutions. Langmuir 2007, 23: 12032-12041
[85] Zhao, Y. R.; Chen, X.; Yang, C. J.; Zhang, G.D.. Mesoscopic simulation on phase behavior of pluronic P123 aqueous solution. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111: 13937-13942
[86] Hurter, P. N.; Scheutjens, J. M. H. M.; Haton, T. A. Molecular modeling of micelle formation and solubilization in block copolymer micelles. 1. A self-consistent mean-field lattice theory,Macromolecules; 1993; 26: 5592-5601.
[87] Hurter, P. N.; Scheutjens, J. M. H. M.; Hatton, T. A. Molecular modeling of micelle formation and solubilization in block copolymer micelles. 2. Latice theory for monomers with internal degree of freedom, Macromolecules; 1993; 26: 5030-5040.
[88] Svensson, M.; Alexandridis, P.; Linse, P. Modeling of the phase behavior in ternary triblock copolymer/water/oil systems, Macromolecules; 1999; 32: 5435-5443.
[89] Noolandi, J.; Shi, A.; Linse, P. Theory of phase behavior of poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions, Macromolecules;1996; 29: 5907-5919.
[90] Linse, P. Micellization of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymer in aqueous solution: Effect of polymer impurities, Macromolecules; 1994; 27: 2685-2693.
[91] Linse, P.; Mahnsten, M. Temperature-dependent micellization in aqueous block copolymer solutions, Macromolecules; 1992; 25: 5434-5439.
[92] Van, Vlimmeren B. A. C.; Maurits, N. M.; Zvelindovsky, A. V.; Sevink, G. J. A.; Fraaije, J.G. E. M.. Simulation of 3D mesoscale structure formation in concentrated aqueous solution of the triblock polymer surfactants (ethylene oxide) 13 (propylene oxide)_(30) (ethylene oxide)_(13) and (propylene oxide)_(19) (ethylene oxide)_(33) (propylene oxide)_(19). Application of dynamic mean-field density functional theory,Macromolecules;1999;32:646-656.
[93]Dormidontova,E.E.;Lodge,T.P.The order-disorder transition and the disorder micelle regime in sphere-forming block copolymer melts,Macromolecules;2001;34:9143-9156.
[94]Zhang,X.Q.;Yuan,S.L.;Wu,J.Mesoscopic simulation on phase behavior of ternary copolymeric solution in the absence and presence of shear,Macromolecules;2006;39:6631-6642.
[95]Lam,Y.M.;Goldbeck-Wood,G.;Boothroyd,C.;Mesoscale simulation and cryo-TEM of nanoscale drug delivery systems.Molecular Simulation,2004,30:239-247.
[96]Dou,H.J.;Jiang,M;Peng,H.S.;Chen,D.Y.;Hong,Y.;pH-dependent self-assembly:Micellization and micelle-hollow-sphere transition of cellulose-based copolymers,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.;2003;42:1516-1519.
[97]Li,Z.B.;Kesselman,E.;Yalmon,Y.;Hilllmyer,M.A.;Lodge,T.P.;Multicompartment micelles from ABC miktoarm stars in water,Science;2004;306:98-101.
[98]Ma,N.;Wang,Y.P.;Wang,Z.Q.;Zhang,X.;Polymer micelles as building blocks for the incorporation of azobenzene:enhancing the photochromic properties in layer-by-layer films,Langmuir;2006;22:3906-3909.
[99]余承忠;范杰;赵东元.利用嵌段共聚物及无机盐合成高质量的立方相、大孔径介孔氧化硅球,化学学报;2002;8:1357-1360.
[100]Zhao,D.Y.;Huo,Q.S.;Feng,J.L.;Chmelka,B.F.;Stucky,G.D.;Nonionic triblock and star diblock copolymer and oligomeric surfactant syntheses of highly ordered,hydrothermally stable,mesoporous silica structures,J.Am.Chem.Soc.;1998;120(24):6024-6036.
[101]Yasnhiro,S.;Kaneda,Y.M.;Terasaki,O.;Zhao,D.Y.;Kim,J.M.;Stucky,G.;Shin,H.J.;Ryoo,R.;Direct imaging of the pores and cages of three-dimensional mesoporous materials,Nature;2000;408:449-453.
[102]Yu,S.H.;Tauer,K.;Antonietti,M.;Tectonic arrangement of BaCO_3 nanocrystals into helices induced by a racemic block copolymer,Nature Materials;2005;5:51-55.
[103]Zhang,Z.Q.;Xu,G.Y.;Wang,F.;Dong,S.L.;Chen,Y.J.;The demulsification by amphiphilic dendrimer copolyers.J.Colloid and interface Sci.,2005,282:1-4.
[104]Kisak,E.T.;Coldren,B.;Evans,C.A.;Boyer,C.;Zasadzinski,J.A.;The vesosome a multicompartment drug delivery vehicle.Curr.Med.Chem.,2004,11:199-219.
[105]Xia,J.;Zhong,C.L.;Dissipative particle dynamics study of the formation of multicompartment micelles from ABC star triblock copolymer in water.Macromol.Rapid Commun,.2006,27:1110-1114.
[106]Thunemann,A.F.;Kubowicz,S.;von Berlepsch,H.;Mohwald,H.;Two-compartent assemlies obtained via aqueous self-organization of synthetic polymer building blocks.Langmuir,2006,22:2506-2510.
[107]Bae,K.H.;Lee,Y.;Park,T.G.;Oil-encapsulating PEO-PPO-PEO shell cross linked nanoscapsules for target-specific delivery of paclitaxel.Biomacromolecules,2007,8:650-656
[108]Choi,S.H.;Lee,J.H.;Choi,S.M.;Park,T.G.;Thermally reversible pluronic/heparin nanocapsules exhibiting 100-fold volume transition.Langmuir,2006,22:1758-1762.
[109]Choi,S.H.;Lee,S.H.;Park,T.G.;Temperature-sensitive pluronic/poly(ethylenimine)nanocapsules for thermally triggered disruption of intracellular endosomal compartment.Biomacromolecules,2006,7:1864-1870.
[110]Jeong,B.;Kim,S.W.;Kim,S.W.;Biodegradable block copolymers for injectable drug delivery system.Nature,1997,388:860-862.
[111]Li,Yanqiu.;Bae,Y.H.;Polymer architecture and drug delivery.Pharm.Res.,2006,23:1-30.
[112]覃守凤,李外郎.盐对AP221破乳剂破乳效果的影响.油田化学,1988,5(1):6-10
[113]方晓烈,覃守凤.无机离子对破乳剂浊点和破乳效果的影响.油田化学,1989,6(3):221-225
[114]Zhang,Z.Q.;Xu,G.Y.;Wang,F.;Dong,S.L.;Li,Y.M.;Characterization and demulsification of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)copolymers,J.Colloid Interface Sci.;2004,277:464-470.
[115]Zhao,D.Y.;Feng,J.;Huo,Q.;Melosh,N.;Fredrickson,G.H.;Chmelka,B.F.;Stucky,G.D.Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores,Science;1998;279:548-552.
[116] Huang, Y.; Cai, H. Q.; Yu, T.; Sun, X. L.; Tu, B.; Zhao, D. Y. Highly ordered mesoporous carbonaceous frameworks from a template of a mixed amphiphilic triblock-copolymer system of PEO-PPO-PEO and reverse PPO-PEO-PPO, Chem. Asian J.; 2007; 2: 1282 - 1289.
[117] Tian, B. Z.; Liu, X. Y; Tu, B.; Yu, C. Z.; Fan, J.; Xie, S. H.; Stucky, G. D.; Zhao, D. Y.;Self-adjusted general synthesis of ordered stable mesoporous minerals via acid-base pairs. Nature Materials, 2003,2: 159-163.
[118] Feng, C.; Lu, Q. Y.; Zhao, D. Y.; Synthesis of crystalline mesoporous CdS semiconductor nanoarrays through a mesoporous SBA-15 silica template technique. Adv. Maters., 2003, 15:739-742.
[119] Rahme, K.; Gauffre, F.; Marty, J. D.; Payre, B.; Mingotaud, C. A systematic study of the stabilization in water of gold nanoparticles by poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111: 7273-7279
[120] Linda, V.; Daniel, H. W.; Gad, M. ; The role of surfactants in dispersion of carbon nanotubes, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 2006,128-130: 37-46
[121] Moore, V. C.; Strano, M. S.; Haroz, E. H.; Hauge, R. H.; Smalley, R. E. Individually suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes in various surfactants, Nano Lett; 2003; 3: 1379-1382.
[122] Shvartzman-Cohen, R.; Nativ-Roth, E.; Baskaran, E.; Levi-Kalisman, Y.; Szleifer, I.;Yerushalmi-Rozen, R. Selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of polymers: the role of molecular and colloidal length scales, J Am Chem Soc; 2004; 126:14850-14857.
[123] Shvartzman-Cohen, R.; Florent, M.; Goldfarb, D; Szleifer, I.; Yerushalmi-Rozen, R..Aggregation and self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes, Langmuir, 2008,24: 4625-4632
[124] Bandyopadhyaya, R.; Nativ-Roth, E.; Regev, O.; Yerushalmi-Rozen, R. Stabilization of individual carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions, Nano Lett, 2002, 2: 25-28.
[125] Shvartzman-Cohen, R.; Levi-Kalisman, Y.; Nativ-Roth, E.; Yerushalmi-Rozen, R. Generic approach for dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes: The strength of a weak interaction,Langmuir, 2004, 20: 6085-6088.
[126]Monteiro-Riviere,N.A.;Inman,A.O.;Wang,Y.Y.;Nemanich,R.J.Surfactant effects on carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes,Nanomedicine;2005:1:293-299.
[127]窦文龄,辛霞,徐桂英.两亲分子对碳纳米管的分散稳定作用,物理化学学报,2009,25(2):382-388
[128]辛霞.水溶性高分子的物化性质及其与羧酸盐表面活性剂的相互作用,博士学位论文.济南:山东大学,2008
[129]Xin,X.;Xu,G Y.;Zhao,T.T.;Zhu,Y.Y.;Shi,X.F.;Gong,H.J.;Zhang,Z.Q..Dispersing carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions by a star-like block copolymer,J.Phys.Chem.C,2008,112(42):16377-16384
[130]成会明,纳米碳管制备、结构、物性及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[131]Bachilo,S.M.;Strano,M.S.;Kittrell,C.;Hauge,R.H.;Smalley,R.E.;Weisman,R.B.Structure-assigned optical spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes.Science 2002,298:2361-2366.
[132]Hirsch,A.Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2002,41:1853-1859.
[133]Strano,M.S.;Dyke,C.A.;Usrey,M.L.;Barone,P.W.;Allen,M.J.;Shan,H.;Kittrell,C.;Hauge,R.H.;Tour,J.M.;Smalley,R.E.Electronic structure control of single-walled carbon nonotube functionalization.Science 2003,301:1519-1522.
[134]朱宏伟,吴德海,徐才录,碳纳米管.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[135]朱绍文,贾志杰.碳纳米管及其应用的研究现状.功能材料,2000,31(3):119-120.
[136]Ebbesen,T.W.;Ajayan,P.M.;Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes;Nature,1992,358:220-222
[137]Hyperion,J.F.;Carbon nanotubes and related structures.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999.
[138]Dillon A C,Jones K M,Bekkedahl T A,et al.Storage of hydrogen in single-walled carbon nanotubes.Nature,1997,386:377-379.
[139]成会明,刘畅,丛洪涛.具有优异储氢性能的高质量单壁纳米碳管的合成.物理,2000, 29(8):449-450.
[140]Liu,W.;Zhao,Y.H.;Li,Y.;Jiang,Q.;Lavernia,E.J.;Enhanced hydrogen storage on Li-dispersed carbon nanotubes;J.Phys.Chem.C,2009,113:2028-2033
[141]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料和纳米结构.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[142]Dai,H.J.;Wong,E.W.;Lu,Y.Z.;Fan,S.S.;Lieber,C.M..Synthesis and characterization of carbide nanorods.Nature,1995,375:769-772.
[143]Han,W.Q.;Fan,S.S.;Li,Q.Q.;Hu,Y.D..Synthesis of gallium - nitride nanorods through a carbon nanotube - confined reaction.Science.1997.277:1287-1289.
[144]顾书英,吴琪琳;碳纳米管应用研究的现状和未来;同济大学学报,2002,30(2):213-217
[145]Singh,B.P.;Menchavez,R.;Takai,C.;Fuji,M.;Takahashi,M..Stability of dispersions of colloidal alumina particles in aqueous suspensions;J.Colloid Interf Sci.,2005,291:181-186
[146]Cui,S.;Canet,R.;Derre,A.;Couzi,M.;Delhaes,P..Characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes and influence of surfactant in the nanocomposite processing,Carbon,2003,41:797-809
[147]Yurekli,K.;Mitchell,C.A.;Krishnamoorti,R..Small-angle neutron scattering from surfactant-assisted aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes;J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2004,126(32):9902-9903
[148]Hertel,T.;Hagen,A.;Talalaev,V.;Arnold,K.;Hennrich,F.;Kappes,M..Spectroscopy of single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes in different environments;Nano Lett,2005,5:511-514
[149]O'Connell,M.J.;Bachilo,S.M.;Huffman,C.B.;Moore,V.C.;Strano,M.S.;Haroz,E.H.;Rialon,K.L.;Boul,P.J.;Noon,W.H.;Kittrell,C.;Ma,J.;Hauge,R.H.;Weisman,R.B.;Smalley,R.E.Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes;Science,2002,297:593-596.
[150]Linqin,J.;Lian,G.;Jing,S..Production of aqueous colloidal dispersions of carbon nanotubes;J.Colloid lnterf Sci.,2003,260:89-94
[151]Priya,B.R.;Byrne,H.J..Investigation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate assisted dispersion and debundling of single-wall carbon nanotubes,J.Phys.Chem.C,2008,112:332-337
[152]Shiunchin,C.W.;Hui,Y.;Banerjee,S.;Herman,I.P.;Akins,D.L..AOT dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes for transistor device application,Materials Letters,2008,62:843-845
[153]Vaisman,L.;Wagner,H.D.;Marom..The role of surfactants in dispersion of carbon nanotubes,Adv.Colloid Interf.Sci.,2006,128-130:37-46
[154]Vaisman,L.;Marom,G.;Wagner,H.D.Dispersions of surface-modified carbon nanotubes in water-soluble and water-insoluble polymers,Adv Funct Mater;2006;16:357-363.
[155]Chatterjee,T.;Yurekli,K.;Hadjiev,V.G.;Krishnamootri,R..Single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions in poly(ethylene oxide);Adv Funet Mater,2005,15:1832-1838
[156]Islam,M.F.;Rojas,E.;Bergey,D.M.;Johnson,A.T.;Yodh,A.G..High weight fraction surfactant solubilization of single-wall carbon nanotubes in water;Nano Lett,2003,3(2):269-273
[157]Poulin,P.;Vigolo,B.;Launois,P.;Films and fibers of oriented single wall nanotubes;Carbon,2002,40(10):1741-1749
[158]Gong,Q.M.;Li,Z.;Zhou,X.W.;Wu,J.J.;Wang,Y.;Liang,J.;Synthesis and characterization of in situ grown carbon nanofiber/nanotube reinforced carbon/carbon composites.Carbon,2005,43(11):2397-2429.
[159]Fugami,K.;Sano,M..Role of polymers in fabrication of carbon nanotube fibers using flow-induced condensation method;New Diam Front Carbon Technol,2005,15:53-58
[160]Vigolo,B.;Penicaud,A.;Coulon,C.;Sander,C.;Pailler,R.;Kpirmet,C.;Bermoer,P.Macroscopic fibers and ribbons of oriented carbon nanotubes,Science;2000;290:1331-1134.
[161]Dyke,C.A.;Tour,J.M..Overcoming the insolubility of carbon nanotubes through high degrees of sidewall functionalization;Chem Eur J,2004,10:812-817
[162]Camponeschi,E.;Florkowski,B.;Vance,R.;Garett,G.;Garmestani,H.;Tannenbaum,R..Uniform directional alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes in viscous polymer flow;Langmuir,2006,22:1858-1862
[163]Tan,Y.Q.;Resasco,D.E..Dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes of narrow diameter distribution;J Phys Chem B,2005,109(30):14454-14460
[164]Matarredona,O.;Rhoads,H.;Li,Z.;Harwell,J.H.;Balzano,L.;Resasco,D..Dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant NaDDBS.J Phys Chem B,2003,107(48).13357-13367
[165]Strano,M.S.;Moore,V.C.;Miller,M.K.;Allen,M.J.;Haroz,EH.;Kittrell C..The role of surfactant adsorption during ultrasonication in the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes;J Nanosci Nanotech,2003,3:81-86
[166]O'Connell,M.J.;Boul,P.;Ericson,L.M.;Huffman,C.;Wang,Y.;Haroz,E.;Kuper,C.;Tour,J.;Ausman,K.D.;Smalley,R.E.;Reversible water-solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by polymer wrapping;Chem.Phys.Lett.,2001,342:265-271
[167]Kang,Y.;Taton,T.A.Micelle-encapsulated carbon nanotubes:A route to nanotube composites,J.Am.Chem.Soc.;2003;125:5650-5651.
[168]Liu,J.;Liu,T.;Kumar,S.;Effect of solvent solubility parameter on SWNT dispersion in PMMA,Polymer,2005,46:3419-3424
[169]Hasan,T.;Scardaci,V.;Tan,P.H.;Rozhin,A.G.;Milne,W.I.;Ferrari,A.C..Dispersibility and stability improvement of unfunctionalized nanotubes in amide solvents by polymer wrapping,Physica E,2008,40:2414-2419
[170]Monteiro-Riviere,N.A.;Inman,A.O.;Wang,Y.Y.;Nemanich,R.J.Surfactant effects on carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes,Nanomedicine;2005:1:293-299.
[171]Nativ-Roth,E.;Shvartzman-Cohen,R.;Bounioux,C.;Florent,M.;Zhang,D.S.;Szleifer,I.;Yerushalmi-Rozen,R..Physical adsorption of block copolymers to SWNT and MWNT:A nonwrapping mechanism,Macromolecules,2007,40:3676-3685
[172]Dror,Y.;Pyckhout-Hintzen,W.;Cohen,Y.;Conformation of polymers dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes in water:A small-angle neutron scattering study;Macromolecules,2005,38(18):7828-7836
[173]Nakashima,N.;Okuzono,S.;Murakami,H.;Nakai,T.;Yoshikawa,K.;DNA dissolves single-walled carbon nanotubes in water;Chem.Lett.,2003,32:456-457
[174]Zheng,M.;Jagota,A.;Semke,E.D.;Diner,B.A.;McLean,R.S.;Lustig,S.R.;Richardson,R.E.;Tassi,N.G.DNA-assisted dispersion and separation of carbon nanotubes.Nat.Mater., 2003, 2: 338
[175] Zheng, M.; Jagota, A.; Strano, M. S.; Santos, A. P.; Barone, P.; Chou, S. G.; Diner, B. A.;Dresselhaus, M. S.; McLean, R. S.; Onoa, G. B.; Samsonidze, G. G.; Semke, E. D.; Usrey, M.;Walls, D. J.; Structure-based carbon nanotube sorting by sequence-dependent DNA assembly;Science, 2003, 302: 1545-1548
[176] Cathcart, H.; Quinn, S.; Nicolosi, V.; Kelly, J. M.; Blau, W. J.; Coleman, J. N.; Spontaneous debundling of single-walled carbon nanotubes in DNA-based dispersions, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007,111: 66-74
[177] Hobbie, E. K.; Bauer, B. J.; Stephens, J.; Becker, M. L.; McGuiggan, P.; Hudson, S. D.; Wang, H.; Colloid particles coated and stabilized by DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes; Langmuir,2005, 21: 10284-10287
[178] Karajanagi, S. S.; Yang, H.; Asuri, P.; Sellitto, E.; Dordick, J. S.; Kane, R. S.;Protein-assisted solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Langmuir, 2006, 22:1392-]395
[179] Simon, E. M.; Maryse, M.; Philippe, P.; Gordon, G. W.; Liquid crystal behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in biological hyaluronic acid solutions; J. Am. Chem.Soc., 2007,129: 9452-9457
[180] Bauer, B. J.; Becker, M. L.; Bajpai, V.; Fagan, J. A.; Hobbie, E. K.; Migler, K.; Guttman, C.M.; Blair, W. R.; Measurement of single-wall nanotube dispersion by size exclusion chromatography; J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111: 17914-17918
[181] Bauer, B. J.; Fagan, J. A.; Hobbie, E. K.; Chun, J.; Bajpai, V.; Chromatographic fractionation of SWNT/DNA dispersions with on-line multi-angle light scattering; J. Phys. Chem.C, 2008,772: 1842-1850
[182] Johnson, R. R.; Kohlmeyer, A.; Johnson, A. T. C.; Klein, M. L.; Free energy landscape of a DNA-carbon nanotube hybrid using replica exchange molecular dynamics; Nano Lett., 2009, 9 (2):537-541
[183] Yarotski, D. A.; Kilina, S. V.; Talin, A. A.; Tretiak, S.; Prezhdo, O. V.; Balatsky, A. V.;Taylor, A. J.; Scanning tunneling microscopy of DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes; Nano Lett.,2009, 9 (1): 12-17
[184] Edri, E.; Regev, O.; pH effects on BSA-dispersed carbon nanotubes studied by spectroscopy-enhanced composition evaluation techniques; Anal. Chem., 2008, 80: 4049-4051
[1]Schmolka,I.R.In Nonionic Surfactants;Schick,M.J.,Ed.;Marcel Dekker:New York,1967;Chapter 10.
[2]Chen,S.H.;Chen,W.R.;Mallamace,F.;The glass-to-glass transition and its end point in a copolymer micellar system.Science,2003,300:619-622.
[3]Ma,J.H.;Guo,C.;Tang,Y.L.;Liu,H.Z.;~1H NMR spectroscopic investigations on the micellization and gelation of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers in aqueous solutions.Langmuir,2007,23:9596-9605
[4]Zhang,K.;Khan,A.;Phase behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers in water.Macromolecules,1995,28:3807-3812.
[5]赵剑曦.Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束化行为及其胶束增溶;精细化工,2001,18(12):721-730
[6]苏延磊,郭晨,刘会洲.PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物胶团化及其应用研究进展:化工学报,2003,54(4):489-496
[7]Jiang,R.;Jin,Q.H.;Li,B.H.;Ding,D.T.;Shi,A.C.;Phase diagram of poly(ethylene oxide)and poly(propylene oxide) triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions.Macromolecules,2006,39:5891-5896.
[8]Alexandridis,P.;Holzwarth,J.F.;Hatton,T.A.Micellization of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions:thermodynamics of copolymer association,Macromolecules;1994;27(9):2414-2425.
[9]Altinok,H.;Nixon,S.K.;Gorry,P.A.;Attwood,D.;Booth,C.;Kelarakis,A.;Havredaki,V.Micellisation and gelation of diblock copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in aqueous solution,the effect of P-block length,Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces:1999;16:73-91.
[10]Guo,Q.;Thomann,R.;Gronski,W.Phase Behavior,Crystallization,and hierarchical nanostructures in self-organized thermoset blends of epoxy resin and amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers,Macromolecules;2002;35(8):3133-3144.
[11]Zheng,L.;Guo,C.;Wang,J.;Liang,X.;Chen,S.;Ma,J.;Yang,B.;Jiang,Y.;Liu,H.Effect of ionic liquids on the aggregation behavior of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers in aqueous solution,J.Phys.Chem.B.;2007;111(6):1327-1333.
[12]Zhang,R.;Liu,J.;He,J.;Han,B.;Liu,Z.;Jiang,T.;Wu,W.;Rong,L.;Zhao,H.;Dong,B.;Hu,G.,Compressed ethylene-assisted formation of the reverse micelle of PEO-PPO-PEO copolymer,Macromolecules;2003:36:1289-1294.
[13]Munoz,G M.;Monroy,F.;Ortega,F.;Rubio,R.G.;Langevin,D.Monolayers of symmetric triblock copolymers at the air-water interface.1.Equilibrium properties,Langmuir;2000;16(3):1083-1093.
[14]Kiss,E.;Keszthelyi,T.;Kormany,G.;Hakkel,O.Adsorbed and spread layers of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers at the air-water interface studied by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy and tensiometry,Macromolecules;2006;39(26):9375-9384.
[15]Xin,X.;Xu,G.Y.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Chen,Y.J.;Wang,F.;Aggregation behavior of star-like PEO -PPO-PEO block copolymer in aqueous solution.European Polymer Journal,2007,43:3106-3111
[16]Su,Y.L.;Wei,X.F.;Liu,H.Z.Influence of 1-pentanol on the micellization of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block eopolymers in aqueous solutions,Langmuir;2003;19(7):2995-3000.
[17]Nivaggioli,T.;Alexandridis,P.;and Hatton,T.A.Fluorescence probe studies of pluronic copolymer solutions as a function of temperature,Langmuir;1995;11(3):730-737.
[18]Esseffar,M.;Bouab,W.;Lamsabhi,A.;Abboud,J.M.;Notario,R.An experimental and theoretical study on some thiocarbonyl-I_2 molecular complexes,J.Am.Chem.Soc.;2000;122(10):2300-2308.
[19]Ma,J.H.;Guo,C.;Tang,Y.L.;Wang,J.;Zheng,L.;Liang,X.F.;Chen,S.;Liu,H.Z.Salt-induced micellization of a triblock copolymer in aqueous solution:A ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study,Langmuir;2007;23(6):3075-3083.
[20]Dong,S.L.;Li,X.;Xu,G.Y.;Hoffmann,H.;A cationic fluorocarbon surfactant DEFUMAC1and its mixed systems with cationic surfactants:~(19)F NMR and surface tension study.J.Phys.Chem.B,2007,111:5903-5910.
[21]Alexandridis,P.;Ivanova,R.;Lindman,B.Effect of glycols on the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers in water.2.Glycol location in the microstructure,Langmuir;2000;16(8):3676-3689.
[22]Firestone,M.A.;Wolf,A.C.;Seifert,S.Small-angle X-ray scattering study of the interaction of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock eopolymers with lipid bilayers,Biomacromolecules;2003;4(6):1539-1549.
[23]Alexandridis,P.;Hatton,T.A.Poly(ethylene oxidc)-poly(propylene oxide)- poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer surfactants in aqueous solutions and at interfaces:thermodynamics,structure,dynamics,and modeling,Colloids Surf.A;1995;96:1-46.
[24]Zipfel,J.;Lindner,P.;Tsianou,M.;Alexandridis,P.;Richtering,W.Shear-induced formation of multilamellar vesicles("Onions") in block copolymers,Langmuir;1999;15(8):2599-2602.
[25]Wang,R.;Knoll,H.;Rittig,F.;K(a|¨)rger,J.Fluorescence probe and pulsed field gradient NMR study of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)block copolymer F88,Langmuir;2001;17(24):7464-7467.
[26]Bryskhe,K.;Jansson,J.;Topgaard,D.;Schillen,K.;Olsson,U.Spontaneous vesicle formation in a block copolymer system,J Phys.Chem.B;2004;108(28):9710-3719.
[27]Ghosh,S.;Dey,S.;Adhikari,A.;Mandal,U.;Bhattacharyya,K.Ultrafast fluorescence resonance energy transfer in the micelle and the gel phase of a PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer:Excitation wavelength dependence.J.Phys.Chem.B.;2007;111(25):7085-7091.
[28]Zhang,Z.Q.;Xu,G.Y.;Wang,F.;Dong,S.L.;Chen,Y.J.;The demulsification by amphiphilic dendrimer copolyers.J.Colloid and interface Sci.,2005,282:1-4.
[29]张志庆.多枝状嵌段聚醚高分子表面活性剂的合成、表征与应用,博士学位论文,济南:山东大学,2005;71-93.
[30]Xin,X.;Xu,G.Y.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Chen,Y.J.;Wang,F.;Aggregation behavior of star-like PEO -PPO- PEO block copolymer in aqueous solution.European Polymer Journal,2007,43:3106-3111.
[31]Nicholas,J.T.;Ahmad,Y.A simple procedure for determination of the mean aggregation number of micelles,J.Am.Chem.Soc.;1978;100(18):5951-5952.
[32]Kalyanasundaram,K.;Thomas,J.K.Solvent-dependent fluorescence of pyrene-3-carboxaldehyde and its applications in the estimation of polarity at micelle-water interfaces,J.Phys.Chem.;1977;81(23):2176-2180.
[33]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学,北京大学出版社,1991;p84.
[34]张志庆.多枝状嵌段聚醚高分子表面活性剂的合成、表征与应用,博士学位论文,2005;45.
[35]Alexandridis,P;Athanassiou,V.;Fukuda,S.;Hatton,T.A.Surface activity of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers,Langmuir;1994;10(8):2604-2612.
[36]De Lisi,R.;Milioto,S.Poly(ethylene oxide)13-poly(propylene oxide)30- poly(ethylene oxide)13 electrolyte interactions in aqueous solutions at some temperatures,Langmuir;2000;16.5579-5583.
[37]Nilsson,S.;Holmberg,C.;Sundelof,L.O.Aggregation numbers of SDS micelles formed on EHEC.A steady state fluorescence quenching study,Colloid Polymer Science;1995;273:83-95.
[38]Asakawa,T.;Okada,T.;Hayasaka,T.;Kuwamoto,K.;Ohta.A.;Miyagishi,S.The unusual micelle micropolarity of partially fluorinated gemini surfactants sensed by pyrene fluorescence.Langmuir;2006;22(14):6053-6055.
[39]Xu,G.Y.;Chen,A.M.;Yang,Y.L.;Yuan,S.L.;Zheng,L.Q.Aggregation behavior of hydrophobically modified polyacrylate in aqueous solution,Colloids Surf.A;2005;256:69-75.
1 王壶,吴琚,魏飞,金涌.破碎-絮凝法分离细长碳纳米管与碳纤维,物理化学学报,2003,19(4):376-379
2 Iijima,S..Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon,Nature,1991,354:56-58
3 Iijima,S.;Ichihashi,T.Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-um diameter,Nature,1993,363:603-605
4 Vaisman,L.;Wagner,H.D.;Marom,G.The role of surfactants in dispersion of carbon nanotubes,Adv,.Colloid Interf.Sci.,2006,128:37-46
5 Liu,C.;Fan,Y.Y.;Liu,M.;Cong,H.T.;Cheng,H.M.;Dresselhaus,M.S.Hydrogen storage in Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes at Room Temperature,Science,1999,286:1127-1129
6 Zou,H.L.;Yang,Y.L.;Li,Q.W.;Zhang,J.;Liu,Z.F.;Guo,X.Y.;Du,Z.L.Electron beam-induced structure transformation of single-walled carbon nanotubes,Carbon,2002,40:2282-2284
7 Kong,J.;Franklin,N.R.;Zhou,C.;Chapline,M.G.;Peng,S.;Cho,K.Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors,Science,2000,287:622-625
8 Dai,H.J.;Hafner,J.H.;Rinzler,A.G.;Colbert,D.T.;Smalley,R.E.Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy,Nature,1996,384:147-150
9 杨闵昊,梁涛,彭宇才,陈清.碳纳米管/ZnO纳米复合体的制备和表征,物理化学学报. 2007,23(2):145-151
10 Chen,R.J.;Choi,H.C.;Bangsaruntip,S.;Yenilmez,E.;Tang,X.;Wang,Q.;Chang,Y.;Dai,H.An Investigation of the Mechanisms of Electronic Sensing of Protein Adsorption on Carbon Nanotube Devices,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2004,126:1563-1568
11 Lin,Y.;Lu,F.;Tu,Y.;Ren,Z..Glucose biosensors based on carbon nanotube nanoelectrode ensembles.Nano Lett.,2004,4.191-195
12 Kamaras,K.;Itkis,M.E.;Hu,H.;Zhao,B.;Haddon,R.C.Covalent bond formation to a carbon nanotube metal.Science,2003,301:1501
13 O'Connell,M.J.;Bachilo,S.M.;Huffman,C.B.;Moore,V.C.;Strano,M.S.;Haroz,E.H.;Rialon,K.L.;Boul,P.J.;Noon,W.H.;Kittrell,C.;Ma,J.;Hauge,R.H.;Weisman,R.B.;Smalley,R.E.Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,Science,2002,297:593-596
14 Sandlera,J.;Shaffera,M.S.P.;Prasseb,T.Development of a dispersing carbon nanotubes in an epoxy matrix and the resulting electrical properties,Polymer,1999,40:5967-5971
15 Mishra,S.R.;Rawat,H.S.;Mehendale,S.Cl.Optical limiting in single-walled carbon nanotube suspensions,Chemical Physics Letters,2000,317:510514
16 张宇军,李鹏,胡元中.碳纳米管的操纵和剪切,科学通报,2002,47(14):1066-1070
17 Dresselhaus,M.S.;Dresselhaus,G.;Avouris,P.Carbon Nanotubes,New York:Springer,2000,148:381
18 Vigolo,B.;Penicaud,A.;Coulon,C.;Sauder,C.;Pailler,R.;Kpirmet,C.;Bermoer,P.Macroscopic fibers and ribbons of oriented carbon nanotubes,Science,2000,290:1331-1334
19 Bachilo,S.M.;Strano,M.S.;Kittrell,C.;Hauge,R.H.;Smalley,R.E.;Weisman,R.B.Structure-Assigned Optical Spectra of Single- walled Carbon Nanotubes,Science,2002,298:2361-2366
20 Strano,M.S.;Dyke,C.A.;Usrey,M.L.;Barone,P.W.;Allen,M.J.;Shan,H.;Kittrell,C.;Hauge,R.H.;Tour,J.M.;Smalley,R.E.Electronic Structure Control of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalization,Science,2003,301:1519-1522
21 Moore,V.C.;Strano,M.S.;Haroz,E.H.;Hauge,R.H.;Smalley,R.E.Individually Suspended Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Various Surfactants,Nano Lett.,2003,3:1379-1382
22 Nap,R.;Szleifer,I..Control of carbon nanotube-surface interactions:the role of grafted polymers,Langmuir:2005,21:12072-12075
23 Rina,S.C.;Einat,N.R.;Ezhil,B.;Yael,L.K.;Igal,S.;Rachel,Y.R.Selective Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Presence of Polymers:the Role of Molecular and Colloidal Length Scales,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2004,126:14850-14857
24 Rina,S.C.;Yael,L.K.;Einat,N.R.;Rachel,Y.R.Generic Approach for Dispersing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes:The Strength of a Weak Interaction,Langmuir,2004,20.6085-6088
25 Grunlan,J.C.;Liu,L.;Kim,Y.S.Tunable Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Microstructure in the Liquid and Solid States Using Poly(acrylic acid),Nano Lett.,2006,6:911-915
26 Li,H.P.;Zhou,B.;Lin,Y.;Gu,L.;Wang,W.;Fernando,K.A.S.;Kumar,S.;Allard,L.F.;Sun,Y.P.Selective Interactions of Porphyrins with Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2004,126:1014-1015
27 Kang,Y.;Taton,T.A.Micelle-Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes:A Route to Nanotube Composites,J.Am.Chem.Soc,2003,125:5650-5651
28 Jennifer,F.C.;Ingrid,T.;Holden,H.T.;Dorothy,A.E..Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of DNA-Wrapped Carbon Nanotube Structure and Binding to Quantum Dots,J.Am.Chem.Soc,2008,130(32):10648-10655
29 Bandyopadhyaya,R.;Nativ-Roth,E.;Regev,O.;Yerushalmi-Rozen,R.Stabilization of Individual Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solutions,Nano Lett.,2002,2:25-28
30 Zhu,J.;Yudasaka,M.;Zhang,M.;Iijima,S..Dispersing Carbon Nanotubes in Water:A Noncovalent and Nonorganic Way,J.Phys.Chem.B,2004,108:11317-11320
31 Nakashima,N.;Tanaka,Y.;Tomonari,Y.;Murakami,H.;Kataura,H.;Sakaue,T.;Yoshikawa,K..Helical Superstructures of Fullerene Peapods and Empty Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Formed in Water,J.Phys.Chem.B,2005,109.13076-13082
32 Monteiro-Riviere,N.A.;Inman,A.O.;Wang,Y.Y.;Nemanich,R.J.;Surfactant effects on carbon nanotube interactions with human keratinocytes,Nanomedicine,2005,1:293-299
[33]窦文龄,辛霞,徐桂英.两亲分子对碳纳米管的分散稳定作用,物理化学学报,2009,25(2):382-388
[34]Wang,F.;Xu,G Y.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Xin,X..;Synthesis of monodisperse CdS nano-spheres in inverse microemulsion system formed by dendritic polyether copolymer;Eur.J.Inorg.Chem.;2006;1:109-114.
[35]Wang,F.;Xu,G Y.;Zhang,Z.Q.;Xin,X..Morphology control of barium sulfate by PEO-PPO-PEOas crystal growth modifier;Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects,2005,259:151-154
[36]Xin,X.;Xu,G.Y.;Zhao,T.T.;Zhu,Y.Y.;Shi,X.E;Gong,H.J.;Zhang,Z.Q..Dispersing Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solutions by a Star-like Block Copolymer,J.Phys.Chem.C,2008,112(42):16377-16384
[37]Zhang,Z.Q.;Xu,G Y.;Wang,F.;Dong,S.L.;Chen,Y.J.Demulsification by amphiphilic dendrimer copolymers,J.Colloid Interface Sci.;2005;282:1-4.
[40]Saito,R.;Dresselhaus,G;Dresselhaus,M.S.Trigonal warping effect of carbon nanotubes,Phys.Rev.B;2000;61:2981-2990.
[41]Dresselhaus,M.S.;Dresselhaus,G;Jorio,A.Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes in 1997 and 2007,J.Phys.Chem.C;2007,111,17887-17893.
[42]Araujo,P.T.;Doom,S.K.;Kilina,S.T.,S.;Einarsson,E.;Maruyama,S.;Chacham,H.;Pimenta,M.A.;Jorio,A.The third and fourth optical transitions in semiconducting carbon nanotubes,Phys.ReV.Lett.2007,98:067401-067404.
[43]Dresselhaus,M.S.;Dresselhaus,G;Saito,R.;Jorio,A.Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes,Phys.Rep.;2005,409:47-99.
[44]Wang,J.Y.;Cui,R.L.;Liu,Y.;Zhou,W.W.;Jin,Z.;Li Y.;Abnormal Raman Intensity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Silica Spheres;J.Phys.Chem.C;2009,113:5075-5080
[45]辛霞.水溶性高分子的物化性质及其与羧酸盐表面活性剂的相互作用,博士学位论文.济南:山东大学,2008
[46]Star,A.;Steuerman,D.W.;Heath,J.R.;Stoddart,J.F.Starched carbon nanotubes,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.;2002,41:2508-2512.
[1]梁文平,殷福珊:表面活性剂在分散体系中的应用.中国轻工业出版社,2003
[2]D.斯沃恩;油脂化学与工艺学.北京:轻工业出版社,1989
[3]王善勤,孙兰新.涂料配方与工艺,中国轻工业出版社,2000
[4]巩强,纳米Al2O3制备透明耐磨涂料的研究,硕士毕业论文,南京:南京工业大学,2004
[5]莫雄,徐伟箭;水性环氧树脂的研究及其固化;化工新型材料;2002,31(12):31-33
[6]《铅笔法测定漆膜硬度》标准修订情况介绍,涂料工业,2004,35(4):60-61