红柱石与石英正浮选分离机理及工艺研究
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摘要
随着钢铁工业的发展,耐火材料的需求日益上升,红柱石作为一种优质的耐火材料原料也越来越受重视。由于我国红柱石原矿中含有铝硅酸盐矿物、石英等大量脉石,品位较低,需要经过选别方可利用。
本论文针对红柱石和石英的浮选分离问题,进行了纯矿物和实际矿石的浮选试验,并借助动电位测试以及红外光谱分析等手段研究了药剂与矿物的作用机理。
纯矿物试验结果表明：在pH=3.0～3.1时,CSB作捕收剂可以实现红柱石和石英的正浮选分离；当矿浆中存在Fe3+时,石英被明显活化,红柱石和石英的可浮性基本一致,此时需添加抑制剂才能实现它们的正浮选分离；CSY表现出较好的选择性抑制作用,对Fe3+活化的石英有较好的抑制效果而基本不抑制红柱石。因此,在pH=3.0～3.1的强酸性条件下,采用CSY为抑制剂,CSB为捕收剂可以实现红柱石和石英的正浮选分离。
应用以上规律,实际矿石试验结果表明：采用“强磁选除铁一摇床脱泥脱钛一反浮选云母一正浮选分离红柱石与石英”的工艺流程,以H2SO4为pH调整剂,CSY为抑制剂,CSB为捕收剂,获得含A120353.46%的合格红柱石精矿以及含Si0292.74%的普通石英砂精矿
动电位测试表明：试验用红柱石和石英的零电点分别为4.5和2.0左右,在pH=3.0～3.1时,红柱石的动电位为正值,而石英为负值,因此采用阴离子捕收剂CSB可能实现它们的正浮选分离。Fe3+使红柱石和石英的表面动电位向正值改变,而Al3+、Ca2+和Mg2+仅使它们的动电位略微降低,从而表明Fe3+对红柱石和石英均有活化作用；抑制剂CSY使Fe3+活化的石英表面动电位向负值方向变化,达到抑制的目的。
解吸试验表明：红柱石与捕收剂CSB的吸附既有物理吸附又有化学吸附,而石英与CSB的吸附方式则为物理吸附。
红外光谱分析表明：捕收剂CSB与红柱石的吸附方式有物理吸附和化学吸附,以化学吸附为主,在红柱石表而产生新的吸收峰,从而对红柱石有捕收作用；抑制剂CSY的作用机理主要是靠静电力与Fe3+及其水解产物作用,从而消除其对石英的活化,达到抑制的目的。
With the development of the iron and steel industry, the requirement of refractory materials is continually increasing. Andalusite, as a superior raw material of refractory materials, has been drawing more and more attention. Since there are a large number of gangues, such as aluminosilicate and quartz, in the raw ore of China's andalusite, the grade is low and it can be utilized only after beneficiation.
In order to achieve the separation of andalusite and quartz, the flotation experiments of pure minerals and actual ore were carried out, and the reagents mechanism were studied by means of zeta potential measurement, infrared spectroscopy, and so on.
The results of single mineral flotation tests showed that the flotation separation of andalusite and quartz was achieved by adopting CSB as collector. When there existed Fe3+ in the pulp, quartz was activated obviously, which caused the flotation behavior of the two minerals identical, and should add depressants to achieve the separation. CSY exhibited good selectivity, it depressed quartz activated by Fe3+ effectively, whereas hardly influenced the floatability of andalusite.
The experimental results of actual ore tests proved that the andalusite concentrate with a grade of 53.46% A12O3 and the quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 was obtained by adopting the flowsheet of "iron removal by high-intensity magnetic separation-slimes and titanium removal by shaking table-the beneficiation of mica by reverse flotation-the separation of andalusite by direct flotation", using sulfate as pH regulator, CSY as depressant, and CSB as collector.
The results of zeta potential measurement indicated that the point of zero charge of andalusite and quartz was approximately 4.5 and 2.0 respectively. The zeta potential of andalusite at pH 3.0～3.1 was positive and quartz was negative, so they can be separated by direct flotation using CSB, an anionic collector. The zeta potential of both andalusite and quartz turned positive by Fe3+, while it had only a little decrease by Al3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. The zeta potential of quartz activated by Fe3+ changed to negative direction through the addition of CSY.
The desorption experiments indicated that the adsorption of the collector CSB on andalusite was not only physical adsorption, but also chemical adsorption. While it was presented only by physical adsorption on the surface of quartz.
The results of infrared spectroscopy showed that CSB adsorbed on andalusite by physical and chemical adsorption, and chemical adsorption was dominant, which generated new characteristic peak on the surface of andalusite. The adsorption manner of CSY on the surface of quartz activated by Fe3+ was physical adsorption, it could act with Fe3- and its hydrolysate by electrostatic force, thus eliminating the activation and achieving the depression.
本论文针对红柱石和石英的浮选分离问题,进行了纯矿物和实际矿石的浮选试验,并借助动电位测试以及红外光谱分析等手段研究了药剂与矿物的作用机理。
纯矿物试验结果表明：在pH=3.0～3.1时,CSB作捕收剂可以实现红柱石和石英的正浮选分离；当矿浆中存在Fe3+时,石英被明显活化,红柱石和石英的可浮性基本一致,此时需添加抑制剂才能实现它们的正浮选分离；CSY表现出较好的选择性抑制作用,对Fe3+活化的石英有较好的抑制效果而基本不抑制红柱石。因此,在pH=3.0～3.1的强酸性条件下,采用CSY为抑制剂,CSB为捕收剂可以实现红柱石和石英的正浮选分离。
应用以上规律,实际矿石试验结果表明：采用“强磁选除铁一摇床脱泥脱钛一反浮选云母一正浮选分离红柱石与石英”的工艺流程,以H2SO4为pH调整剂,CSY为抑制剂,CSB为捕收剂,获得含A120353.46%的合格红柱石精矿以及含Si0292.74%的普通石英砂精矿
动电位测试表明：试验用红柱石和石英的零电点分别为4.5和2.0左右,在pH=3.0～3.1时,红柱石的动电位为正值,而石英为负值,因此采用阴离子捕收剂CSB可能实现它们的正浮选分离。Fe3+使红柱石和石英的表面动电位向正值改变,而Al3+、Ca2+和Mg2+仅使它们的动电位略微降低,从而表明Fe3+对红柱石和石英均有活化作用；抑制剂CSY使Fe3+活化的石英表面动电位向负值方向变化,达到抑制的目的。
解吸试验表明：红柱石与捕收剂CSB的吸附既有物理吸附又有化学吸附,而石英与CSB的吸附方式则为物理吸附。
红外光谱分析表明：捕收剂CSB与红柱石的吸附方式有物理吸附和化学吸附,以化学吸附为主,在红柱石表而产生新的吸收峰,从而对红柱石有捕收作用；抑制剂CSY的作用机理主要是靠静电力与Fe3+及其水解产物作用,从而消除其对石英的活化,达到抑制的目的。
With the development of the iron and steel industry, the requirement of refractory materials is continually increasing. Andalusite, as a superior raw material of refractory materials, has been drawing more and more attention. Since there are a large number of gangues, such as aluminosilicate and quartz, in the raw ore of China's andalusite, the grade is low and it can be utilized only after beneficiation.
In order to achieve the separation of andalusite and quartz, the flotation experiments of pure minerals and actual ore were carried out, and the reagents mechanism were studied by means of zeta potential measurement, infrared spectroscopy, and so on.
The results of single mineral flotation tests showed that the flotation separation of andalusite and quartz was achieved by adopting CSB as collector. When there existed Fe3+ in the pulp, quartz was activated obviously, which caused the flotation behavior of the two minerals identical, and should add depressants to achieve the separation. CSY exhibited good selectivity, it depressed quartz activated by Fe3+ effectively, whereas hardly influenced the floatability of andalusite.
The experimental results of actual ore tests proved that the andalusite concentrate with a grade of 53.46% A12O3 and the quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 was obtained by adopting the flowsheet of "iron removal by high-intensity magnetic separation-slimes and titanium removal by shaking table-the beneficiation of mica by reverse flotation-the separation of andalusite by direct flotation", using sulfate as pH regulator, CSY as depressant, and CSB as collector.
The results of zeta potential measurement indicated that the point of zero charge of andalusite and quartz was approximately 4.5 and 2.0 respectively. The zeta potential of andalusite at pH 3.0～3.1 was positive and quartz was negative, so they can be separated by direct flotation using CSB, an anionic collector. The zeta potential of both andalusite and quartz turned positive by Fe3+, while it had only a little decrease by Al3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. The zeta potential of quartz activated by Fe3+ changed to negative direction through the addition of CSY.
The desorption experiments indicated that the adsorption of the collector CSB on andalusite was not only physical adsorption, but also chemical adsorption. While it was presented only by physical adsorption on the surface of quartz.
The results of infrared spectroscopy showed that CSB adsorbed on andalusite by physical and chemical adsorption, and chemical adsorption was dominant, which generated new characteristic peak on the surface of andalusite. The adsorption manner of CSY on the surface of quartz activated by Fe3+ was physical adsorption, it could act with Fe3- and its hydrolysate by electrostatic force, thus eliminating the activation and achieving the depression.
引文
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