无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构性能分析与倒塌模拟研究
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摘要
大跨度、大柱距的无站台柱钢结构雨棚被广泛应用于我国新时期的火车站建设中,其现代化的建筑设计、通透的站台视觉感受及宽敞舒适的使用效果已经得到业内与社会公众的普遍认可。本文对无站台柱雨棚中有鲜明特点及广泛应用前景的张弦桁架雨棚结构进行了研究,研究内容涉及该类结构的静力性能、稳定性能、抗震性能、抗风性能以及抗连续倒塌性能五个方面,研究结果为该类结构在设计时所需考虑的共性问题提供了分析方法及解决途径,并根据部分结论总结出供设计人员参考使用的规律和依据。
本文第一章介绍了无站台柱雨棚的由来及在我国的应用现状。概括了张弦桁架结构的受力特点,分析了张弦桁架结构在应用于无站台柱雨棚时所具备的优势。对目前关于无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚的研究进行了总结,明确了本文要做的研究工作。
本文第二章系统建立了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构在静力荷载作用下的理论分析方法,给出了在对称均布荷载、反对称均布荷载、半跨均布荷载、温度荷载以及预拉力荷载作用下,结构受力及变形的理论计算公式。根据得到的理论公式研究了结构在各种静力荷载作用下的受力性能,给出了基于结构静力性能改进目标的预拉力值确定方法。
本文第三章分析了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构的失稳模式、失稳机理及影响结构稳定性能的相关因素。重点研究了目前较少涉及的倒三角立体桁架抗扭刚度对结构整体稳定性能的影响,研究过程揭示了增强立体桁架抗扭刚度能提高结构稳定性能的机理,并给出了增强立体桁架抗扭刚度的具体方法。此外本章内容还分析了结构体系中连系桁架在限制主桁架失稳时所发挥的作用,研究了杆件屈服对结构失稳的影响。
本文第四章研究了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构的自振特性,并在此基础上较为详细地计算分析了结构在水平及竖向地震作用下的位移、内力响应,根据响应规律研究了该类结构抗震设计时的简化分析方法。随后还考察了结构纵向区间长度与行波效应的相互关系。
本文第五章研究了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构的风载体型系数,给出了该类结构风载体型系数的分布规律和取值方法。编制了脉动风时程模拟程序,对结构进行了风致动力响应分析,得到了结构的风振系数。计算了作用在结构上的风荷载值,对结构进行了多级风荷载下的受力性能分析,并得到了结构在终级风荷载下的破坏模式。本章最后归纳了结构在风荷载作用下的性能特点。
本文第六章在备选荷载路径设计思想的引导下,分析了无站台柱弦桁架雨棚结构中各类构件的敏感性,依据分析结果对结构在敏感构件失效后的响应或倒塌过程进行了模拟,根据模拟结果总结了该类结构可能发生的倒塌模式。在以上分析的基础上提出了两种防止无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚大面积连续倒塌的设计方法,并详细阐述了这两种方法在北京北站张弦桁架雨棚工程中的具体应用。
本文第七章对全文所做主要工作及所得到的主要结论进行了总结,并指出该类结构在今后可以继续深入的研究工作。
Non-platform-column shelters, with long span and large column distance, has been widely applied to the construction of new-era train stations. Due to the modern appearance, transparent vision and comfortable to use, this type of shelters has been recognized by both the public and the profession. This thesis has focused on the truss string structure, which has distinctive features and wide application prospect in future non-platform-column shelters. An intensive study on the static performance, stability, seismic performance, wind-resistance performance and progressive collapse behavior of the truss string shelter has been carried out. The results offer new methods and solutions for the analysis design of the truss string shelter. Some instructive rules and useful experience are summarized for the future design.
Chapter1introduces the origin and application status of the non-platform-column shelter in China. The mechanical characteristics and advantages of the truss string structure are presented. An review on the present study of the truss string shelter is given.,The main research work of this thesis is briefly introduced.
Chapter2systematically builds up a theoretical analysis method for truss string structures used in non-platform-column shelters. Analytical expressions for the internal force and displacement of the structure are achieved, which are applicable to many common load cases, including symmetrical distributed load, anti-symmetrical distributed load, half cross distributed load, temperature load and pretension load. The static behavior of the structure is analyzed according to the theoretical expressions, and methods to improve the static performance are also researched.
Chapter3analyzes the failure model, stability and the related parameters of the non-platform-column truss string shelter. Importance is put on the influence of the torsion stiffness of the spatial truss string system on the structural stability The research gives the reason for the torsion stiffness improving structure stability, and then puts forward methods for enforcing the structural torsion stiffness. Besides, this chapter also studies the effect of the attached truss on restricting the primary truss failure, and the influence of the member yield on the structural integral stability.
Chapter4analyzes the free vibration characteristics of the non-platform-column truss string shelter. The structural response under horizontal and vertical seismic is calculated, and then some simplified methods for the structural seismic design are researched. Finally, the relationship between the structural longitudinal dimension and the travelling wave effect is studied.
Chapter5determines the wind-load shape coefficient of the shelter by simulations. Formulas for computing of the wind-load shape coefficient are fitted according to the simulation result. The wind-induced dynamic responses of the structure are also analyzed, and then the wind vibration coefficient is obtained. Based on these, the structural performance under multi-level wind load is analyzed and the structural failure models is identified. The structural mechanical characters under wind load is summarized.
Chapter6takes Beijing north station as an example. The sensitivity of the structural elements is analyzed by the alternate path method. The response or collapsed process after failure of the sensitive members is simulated, and the possible collapse models is concluded. Two methods to prevent the progressive collapse of the structure are worked out, and both of them have been applied to Beijing north station successfully.
Chapter7summarizes the main works and conclusions of this thesis, and also points out some further and meaningful works which may be done in the future.
本文第一章介绍了无站台柱雨棚的由来及在我国的应用现状。概括了张弦桁架结构的受力特点,分析了张弦桁架结构在应用于无站台柱雨棚时所具备的优势。对目前关于无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚的研究进行了总结,明确了本文要做的研究工作。
本文第二章系统建立了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构在静力荷载作用下的理论分析方法,给出了在对称均布荷载、反对称均布荷载、半跨均布荷载、温度荷载以及预拉力荷载作用下,结构受力及变形的理论计算公式。根据得到的理论公式研究了结构在各种静力荷载作用下的受力性能,给出了基于结构静力性能改进目标的预拉力值确定方法。
本文第三章分析了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构的失稳模式、失稳机理及影响结构稳定性能的相关因素。重点研究了目前较少涉及的倒三角立体桁架抗扭刚度对结构整体稳定性能的影响,研究过程揭示了增强立体桁架抗扭刚度能提高结构稳定性能的机理,并给出了增强立体桁架抗扭刚度的具体方法。此外本章内容还分析了结构体系中连系桁架在限制主桁架失稳时所发挥的作用,研究了杆件屈服对结构失稳的影响。
本文第四章研究了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构的自振特性,并在此基础上较为详细地计算分析了结构在水平及竖向地震作用下的位移、内力响应,根据响应规律研究了该类结构抗震设计时的简化分析方法。随后还考察了结构纵向区间长度与行波效应的相互关系。
本文第五章研究了无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚结构的风载体型系数,给出了该类结构风载体型系数的分布规律和取值方法。编制了脉动风时程模拟程序,对结构进行了风致动力响应分析,得到了结构的风振系数。计算了作用在结构上的风荷载值,对结构进行了多级风荷载下的受力性能分析,并得到了结构在终级风荷载下的破坏模式。本章最后归纳了结构在风荷载作用下的性能特点。
本文第六章在备选荷载路径设计思想的引导下,分析了无站台柱弦桁架雨棚结构中各类构件的敏感性,依据分析结果对结构在敏感构件失效后的响应或倒塌过程进行了模拟,根据模拟结果总结了该类结构可能发生的倒塌模式。在以上分析的基础上提出了两种防止无站台柱张弦桁架雨棚大面积连续倒塌的设计方法,并详细阐述了这两种方法在北京北站张弦桁架雨棚工程中的具体应用。
本文第七章对全文所做主要工作及所得到的主要结论进行了总结,并指出该类结构在今后可以继续深入的研究工作。
Non-platform-column shelters, with long span and large column distance, has been widely applied to the construction of new-era train stations. Due to the modern appearance, transparent vision and comfortable to use, this type of shelters has been recognized by both the public and the profession. This thesis has focused on the truss string structure, which has distinctive features and wide application prospect in future non-platform-column shelters. An intensive study on the static performance, stability, seismic performance, wind-resistance performance and progressive collapse behavior of the truss string shelter has been carried out. The results offer new methods and solutions for the analysis design of the truss string shelter. Some instructive rules and useful experience are summarized for the future design.
Chapter1introduces the origin and application status of the non-platform-column shelter in China. The mechanical characteristics and advantages of the truss string structure are presented. An review on the present study of the truss string shelter is given.,The main research work of this thesis is briefly introduced.
Chapter2systematically builds up a theoretical analysis method for truss string structures used in non-platform-column shelters. Analytical expressions for the internal force and displacement of the structure are achieved, which are applicable to many common load cases, including symmetrical distributed load, anti-symmetrical distributed load, half cross distributed load, temperature load and pretension load. The static behavior of the structure is analyzed according to the theoretical expressions, and methods to improve the static performance are also researched.
Chapter3analyzes the failure model, stability and the related parameters of the non-platform-column truss string shelter. Importance is put on the influence of the torsion stiffness of the spatial truss string system on the structural stability The research gives the reason for the torsion stiffness improving structure stability, and then puts forward methods for enforcing the structural torsion stiffness. Besides, this chapter also studies the effect of the attached truss on restricting the primary truss failure, and the influence of the member yield on the structural integral stability.
Chapter4analyzes the free vibration characteristics of the non-platform-column truss string shelter. The structural response under horizontal and vertical seismic is calculated, and then some simplified methods for the structural seismic design are researched. Finally, the relationship between the structural longitudinal dimension and the travelling wave effect is studied.
Chapter5determines the wind-load shape coefficient of the shelter by simulations. Formulas for computing of the wind-load shape coefficient are fitted according to the simulation result. The wind-induced dynamic responses of the structure are also analyzed, and then the wind vibration coefficient is obtained. Based on these, the structural performance under multi-level wind load is analyzed and the structural failure models is identified. The structural mechanical characters under wind load is summarized.
Chapter6takes Beijing north station as an example. The sensitivity of the structural elements is analyzed by the alternate path method. The response or collapsed process after failure of the sensitive members is simulated, and the possible collapse models is concluded. Two methods to prevent the progressive collapse of the structure are worked out, and both of them have been applied to Beijing north station successfully.
Chapter7summarizes the main works and conclusions of this thesis, and also points out some further and meaningful works which may be done in the future.
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