地铁活动式雨棚的设计
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摘要
地铁出入口雨棚是地铁出入口的重要组成部分,它不单纯是一个进出口,更是地下空间与城市文化相融合的枢纽。目前,国内外各大城市采用的地铁出入口雨棚以固定式为主。固定式雨棚具有结构简单坚固,安全性高,外形设计限制小等优点。地铁出入口一般可分为有棚式和无棚式两种,有棚式出入口可在雨雪天气为乘客遮风挡雨,无棚式出入口在天气晴好时更有利于地铁通道的通风和采光,两者均有其优点,但不能兼顾。本文将设计一种活动式地铁出入口雨棚,兼具有棚式出入口和无棚式出入口两者的优点,即在天气恶劣时,雨棚展开,为进出出入口的乘客遮风挡雨,天气晴好的时候,雨棚收回藏于地下,不但不影响出入口整体美观性,而且更有利于地铁出入口的通风和采光。
本文根据地铁活动式雨棚的设计要求,设计了两套活动式雨棚,分别为“斜拉”式升降雨棚和“伸缩”式升降雨棚,这两套方案在满足活动式雨棚功能性和安全性要求的前提下,对其外观加以改进,使其能更好的融入到城市文化中
“斜拉”式升降雨棚的设计思路来源于斜拉式大型桥梁。升降雨棚工作时，驱动钢丝绳带动支撑杆转动,支撑杆转动一定角度后,与大梁连接的钢丝绳,通过支撑杆的支撑,随着它的摆动实现大梁的升起。升起后,安装在尾端横梁处的动力装置,通过链条、链轮的运动而带动雨棚的收缩。整个工作过程,大梁升降系统的动力装置和雨棚收放系统的动力装置均可实现两侧运动的同步性,并且在雨棚展开后,利用电机的制动功能,实现机构自锁,节省能源消耗。“伸缩”式升降雨棚则利用液压系统实现两侧大梁的升降,整套液压系统通过分流集流阀的控制,实现大梁两侧液压缸运动的同步,在大梁升起后,三位四通电磁阀处于中位,保持油压不变,实现机构自锁。
本文对两套方案的大梁升降系统、雨棚收放系统和清洗系统的设计进行了说明,并对“伸缩”式升降雨棚进行了运动仿真。最后,本文将两套方案的优缺点进行了比较和分析,提出了有待解决的问题,为地铁活动式雨棚的设计积累了宝贵的经验。
The subway entrance roof is one of the most important parts in subway inlets and outlets. It is not only just a passageway, but also a hub which combines the underground space with the city culture. Nowadays, the subway entrance roof that the cities at home and abroad have adopted is in the form of stationary type. This kind of roof is simple and strong in structure and has the characteristics of high reliability in safety and tittle restrictions in shape design. The fixed type of roof could be classified into two kinds:(1) Covered Type which can help the passengers to keep out wind and rain in snowy or rainy weather.(2) Uncovered Type which could better provide the ventilation and lighting for the subway passages in sunny weather. Both of the two types have their own advantages, but it is quite difficult to integrate the two merits. This article would introduce a kind of flexible subway entrance roof which could own the advantages of covered and uncovered type roof. In bad weather, the roof would be opened up to provide the shelters for the coming and going passengers. In sunny weather, the roof will be put into the underground which would not affect the aesthesis of the underground passages and at the same time offer better ventilation and lighting in subway alleyway.
This article designs two types of flexible roof based on the design requirement of flexible subway entrance roof. And they are suspended lifting roof and elastic lifting roof. The two types will meet the safety requirement and functionality about the flexible roofs. By the improvement in their appearance, these types of roofs would better fit in the culture of city.
The design idea of suspended lifting roof is coming from large-scale suspended bridge. When the lifting roof is on working, it will drive the steel wire rope to provide impetus for the radius rod to turn. When the radius rod shifts certain angles, the steel rope fixed at the sides of crossbeam will help to make the crossbeam rise with the supporting and swinging about the strutting bar. After the roof rises, the motion devices set up at the beam of tail end will make the roof draw back by driving the chain. During the while working process, the motion devices in girders lift system and roof retraction system will realize the synchronism along the sides and when the roof is opened up, it could make use of the braking function to achieve the self-locking of mechanism at the same time reducing energy consumption. The elastic lifting roof realizes the promotion and demotion of beams at the two sides by hydraulic system and this system is controlled by flow distributing and collecting valve to achieve the synchronism of motions in the bilateral hydraulic cylinder. When the beams is up, three position fourway solenoid valve is in the middle position to keep the oil pressure unaltered and brings about the self-locking of mechanism.
This article makes an illustration about the design of girders life system, roof retraction system and cleaning system in these two schemes. And then to have a motion simulation to the elastic lifting roof. At last the advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes are contrasted and analyzed with the provision of existed problems which need to be solved. All of these gather valuable experience for the design of flexible subway entrance roof
本文根据地铁活动式雨棚的设计要求,设计了两套活动式雨棚,分别为“斜拉”式升降雨棚和“伸缩”式升降雨棚,这两套方案在满足活动式雨棚功能性和安全性要求的前提下,对其外观加以改进,使其能更好的融入到城市文化中
“斜拉”式升降雨棚的设计思路来源于斜拉式大型桥梁。升降雨棚工作时，驱动钢丝绳带动支撑杆转动,支撑杆转动一定角度后,与大梁连接的钢丝绳,通过支撑杆的支撑,随着它的摆动实现大梁的升起。升起后,安装在尾端横梁处的动力装置,通过链条、链轮的运动而带动雨棚的收缩。整个工作过程,大梁升降系统的动力装置和雨棚收放系统的动力装置均可实现两侧运动的同步性,并且在雨棚展开后,利用电机的制动功能,实现机构自锁,节省能源消耗。“伸缩”式升降雨棚则利用液压系统实现两侧大梁的升降,整套液压系统通过分流集流阀的控制,实现大梁两侧液压缸运动的同步,在大梁升起后,三位四通电磁阀处于中位,保持油压不变,实现机构自锁。
本文对两套方案的大梁升降系统、雨棚收放系统和清洗系统的设计进行了说明,并对“伸缩”式升降雨棚进行了运动仿真。最后,本文将两套方案的优缺点进行了比较和分析,提出了有待解决的问题,为地铁活动式雨棚的设计积累了宝贵的经验。
The subway entrance roof is one of the most important parts in subway inlets and outlets. It is not only just a passageway, but also a hub which combines the underground space with the city culture. Nowadays, the subway entrance roof that the cities at home and abroad have adopted is in the form of stationary type. This kind of roof is simple and strong in structure and has the characteristics of high reliability in safety and tittle restrictions in shape design. The fixed type of roof could be classified into two kinds:(1) Covered Type which can help the passengers to keep out wind and rain in snowy or rainy weather.(2) Uncovered Type which could better provide the ventilation and lighting for the subway passages in sunny weather. Both of the two types have their own advantages, but it is quite difficult to integrate the two merits. This article would introduce a kind of flexible subway entrance roof which could own the advantages of covered and uncovered type roof. In bad weather, the roof would be opened up to provide the shelters for the coming and going passengers. In sunny weather, the roof will be put into the underground which would not affect the aesthesis of the underground passages and at the same time offer better ventilation and lighting in subway alleyway.
This article designs two types of flexible roof based on the design requirement of flexible subway entrance roof. And they are suspended lifting roof and elastic lifting roof. The two types will meet the safety requirement and functionality about the flexible roofs. By the improvement in their appearance, these types of roofs would better fit in the culture of city.
The design idea of suspended lifting roof is coming from large-scale suspended bridge. When the lifting roof is on working, it will drive the steel wire rope to provide impetus for the radius rod to turn. When the radius rod shifts certain angles, the steel rope fixed at the sides of crossbeam will help to make the crossbeam rise with the supporting and swinging about the strutting bar. After the roof rises, the motion devices set up at the beam of tail end will make the roof draw back by driving the chain. During the while working process, the motion devices in girders lift system and roof retraction system will realize the synchronism along the sides and when the roof is opened up, it could make use of the braking function to achieve the self-locking of mechanism at the same time reducing energy consumption. The elastic lifting roof realizes the promotion and demotion of beams at the two sides by hydraulic system and this system is controlled by flow distributing and collecting valve to achieve the synchronism of motions in the bilateral hydraulic cylinder. When the beams is up, three position fourway solenoid valve is in the middle position to keep the oil pressure unaltered and brings about the self-locking of mechanism.
This article makes an illustration about the design of girders life system, roof retraction system and cleaning system in these two schemes. And then to have a motion simulation to the elastic lifting roof. At last the advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes are contrasted and analyzed with the provision of existed problems which need to be solved. All of these gather valuable experience for the design of flexible subway entrance roof
引文
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[28]王孝平,龙伟,耿静华,陈毅.平面四杆机构的优化设计及运动仿真[J].机械.工程师,2009,(01)：81-82.
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[2]陈娟.南京地铁独立式出入口的设计研究[D].江苏省南京市：南京艺术学院,2008.
[3]Minamisawa Renato Amaral,Abidzina Volha, de Almeida Adelaide,and et al. Radiation effects on ETFE polymer exposed to glow discharge[J].Nuclear Instruments and Meth ods in Physics Research,2007,261:715-718.
[4]Kuhn Anselm. PTFE coating vs. impregnation[J]. Metal Finishing,2005,103:35-38.
[5]Wu Minger,Liu Jianming,Zhang Qilin. Experimental study on ETFE foil cushion[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(6):126-131.
[6]高平,曹娟.香港地铁发展模式探索及启示[J].政策论坛,2010,(3)：45-48.
[7]张国碧,李家稳,郭建波.我国地铁的发展现状及展望[J].山西建筑,2010,33(36)：13-15.
[8]曹小曙,林强.世界城市地铁发展历程与规律[J].地理学报,2008,12(63)：12-15.
[9]王世玉,薛军.矿冶设备液压传动起重、升降机构分析[J].机电与自动控制,2009,26(9)：35-38,
[10]吴榕,李红.自锁式液压缸[J].液压与传动,2000,(5)：43-44.
[11]肖定国.多节伸缩式液压缸的探讨[J].液压与气动,2005,(3)：61-62.
[12]S.Hinz,M. Stephani,L. Schiemann.K. Zcller. An image engineering system for the inspection of transparent construction materials[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogranimetry and Remote Sensing,2009,64(3):297-307.
[13]Manoharan S. Sundar,Chandra Vimlesh.Nano PTFE polymer films as organic insulating barrier for tunneling magneto-resistive Fe/PTFE/Fe devices[J].Advanced Materials Research,2009,67:13-17.
[14]Parada M.A,De Almeida A,Muntele C, and et al.Study of the surface activation of ETFE by low energy (keV) Si and N bombardment[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,2005,241:521-525.
[15]冯敬.ETFE膜在建筑中的应用[J].湖南理工学院学报,2008,(02)：81-83.
[16]刘国良,刘洛麒Solidworks2006完全学习手册——图解COSMOSWorks[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[17]吴松.升降式地铁雨棚的设计及安全性研究[D].湖北省武汉市：武汉理工大学,2011.
[18]龚海峰.升降横移式立体停车库及控制系统的研究[D].甘肃省兰州市：兰州理工大学,2003.
[19]章海滨,,邹兵.28.5m×24m移动风雨棚设计[J].广船科技,2009,(3)：29-31.
[20]Maziar Ascfi, Robert Kroncnburg.An Architectural Evaluation of Transformable Roof Structures[C]. International Conference On Adaptable Building Structures Eindhovcn,2006,85-89.
[21]Ishii Kazuo.Retractable Roof Structurcs[J]. Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures,2001,42:27-32.
[22]Yuan, Chi.Chiang Wen-Yen.Synergistic effect of PTFE and sodium etched PTFE on polyacetal ternary blends[J]. European Polymer Journal,1993,29:843-849.
[23]吴明儿.ETFE 薄膜材料[J].世界建筑,2009,(10)：104-105.
[24]王厉刚,李玲玲,催兵兵,马学东.刚包回转台升降机构的运动仿真和有限元分析[J].冶金设备,2011,(185)：55-58.
[25]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007：76-85.
[26]廖柯,表皮·媒介·科技——从安联体育场看当代体育场的设计趋势[J].建筑技术及设计,2006,(12)：118-123.
[27]赵清华,贾欣宇.基Sol id Works的最优化平面四杆机构的动态模拟[J].机械设计制造,2007,(05)：192-193.
[28]王孝平,龙伟,耿静华,陈毅.平面四杆机构的优化设计及运动仿真[J].机械.工程师,2009,(01)：81-82.
[29]习小英.姜莉莉,丘瑞林.双四杆机构的运动分析及其优化[J].机械设计与制造,2010,(1)：106-109.
[30]李红飙,余洋.斜拉钢结构雨棚体系设计[J].铁道标准设计,2004,(6)：108-110.
[31]薛中权.大跨度单层网壳雨棚安装技术研究[J].安徽建筑,2008年第03期..
[32]叶修梓,陈超祥COSMOSWorks基础教程：COSMOSWorks Designer[M].北京：机械上业出版社,2007.
[33]陈基发,沙志国.建筑结构荷载设计手册[M].北京：中国建筑业出版社,2004.
[34]王文星,郑史雄.大跨雨棚风洞测压实验研究,2007,36(1)：75-78.
[35]T. Van Mele, M. Mollaert, N. De Temmerman,L. De Laet.Design of Scissor Structures for Retractable Roofs[J]. International Conference On Adaptable Building Structures Eindhoven The Nethcrlands,2006,68-73.
[36]Yumoto M, Hamamura N.Sakai T.Surface processing of PTFE by electrical discharge under high E/N conditions[C]. Sixth International Conference on Dielectric Materials,1992.
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