预应力混凝土开孔平板的实验研究
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摘要
智能建筑的大量出现使结构功能发生突破性的变化,与之相应的各种辅助建筑设施(如供水(气,电)系统,空调系统,消防,识别,预警系统,办公自动化系统,工业自动化生产线系统等)将会变得越来越庞大而复杂,各种管线四通八达,目前它们都是从建筑结构的梁下、板中穿过,被它们挤占的空间越来越可观。梁中、板中开孔的情况越来越多,这些孔口的存在往往会改变钢筋混凝土板原来的受力性能,因此孔口周边的正确处理就成为工程实践中必不可少的环节。本文在前人工作的基础上,围绕预应力混凝土开孔平板的实验研究和理论分析,开展了如下工作:
     首先,对预应力混凝土开孔平板进行了实验研究。笔者进行了三块板的实验,然后结合前人做的实验数据进行比较分析。然后,笔者采用屈服线理论对预应力混凝土开孔平板的极限承载力进行计算,得出不同开孔参数对应的极限承载力。接着,笔者采用有限元程序对不同开孔大小、不同开孔位置、不同的边界条件进行了弹性和塑性分析,并结合实验数据和前人数据,分析出各种不同条件下开孔板在孔口应力、挠度、极限承载力、裂缝形式等的变化规律。最后,笔者利用分析出来的结果,对预应力混凝土开孔平板的工程设计提出设计建议,其研究成果对开孔结构的工程实践具有重要的参考价值。
With the appearance of intelligentized architecture, concrete slabs with openings are used in architectural structure, through which all kinds of accessory facilities are installed such as ventilation ducts, pipeline of heat, water and electric supply, automatic producing line system and intelligent pipeline system etc. They make it possible to lower the height of architectural structure and to lighten weight of it, so as to achieve good economic and social benefits. The exist of openings will change slabs' mechanical behavior. So the right disposal around of openings is indispensable step of engineering practice. Based on the predecessors' work, this paper organized the following work centered around experimental research on and theoretical analysis of prestressed concrete slabs with openings:
    Firstly, the writer performed experiment with three slabs with openings, and made comparison with predecessors' work. Secondly, the writer carried out the calculation on prestressed concrete slabs with openings by yield line theory and got the changes of limit load of openings of different size, different place. Then the writer finished elastic and nonlinear analysis to slabs with different openings and different boundary by finite calculation. And the writer made comparison to all dates and got the change rule of the stress , displacement , limit load and crack of slabs with openings where changing the each parameter. Finally, the writer brought forward reasonable advice to engineering design of prestressed slabs with opening and all these advice is very important to the engineering practice of structures with openings.
引文
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