预应力混凝土框架梁能量耗散--损伤积累特性的研究
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摘要
随着预应力混凝土技术的不断发展，由于其具有良好的抗裂性、耐久性等优点，预应力混凝土框架结构在大跨度多层建筑中的应用越来越广泛。然而，它在震区的推广，仍有较大的争议。尽管国内外学者对预应力混凝土框架结构和构件的抗震性能做了不少的相应研究，但是由于预应力框架结构应用历史短，工程震害经验少，其抗震性能的系统研究相对较少。因此，研究预应力混凝土框架的抗震性能，对于我国这样一个地震多发国家，具有十分重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文在总结前人研究工作的基础上，结合江苏省留学回国人员基金项目《预应力混凝土框架抗震优化程序》，选取预应力混凝土框架中常用的单侧配置预应力筋梁作为研究对象，进行构件的低周反复加载试验，研究构件的耗能、刚度衰退、破坏荷载曲线等方面的特点，并重点研究单侧配置预应力筋梁的恢复力模型、承载力降低系数和破坏荷载曲线等，为工程技术人员编制预应力混凝土结构的电算程序提供模型参数。
本文围绕预应力混凝土框架梁的抗震性能，主要探讨以下内容：
1．工程中常用单侧预应力配筋梁抗震性能的研究，如不同预应力度构件在不同地震作用模式下的耗能能力，箍筋间距对构件在不同地震作用模式下耗能、承载力、刚度、极限承载力的影响等；
2．通过加载制度的设计，使加载制度不仅能模拟地震作用从小到大的一般过程，还可以模拟地震作用到达峰值后不同的下降过程，以了解构件在不同地震作用下的滞回特性，特别是破坏特征；
3．除获得构件恢复力模型的一般特征值外，还确定了不同延性系数下构件承载力降低系数、卸载退化刚度及破坏荷载曲线。
研究结果表明，预应力度PPR和箍筋间距设计合理的预应力混凝土框架梁，具有与普通钢筋混凝土框架梁相近的抗震性能，可以在中等烈度地震区工程建设中采用。同时本文提出的恢复力模型可以反映构件在不同地震作用模式下的耗能、
扬州人学硕J..学位论文
承载力降低等特征，并且提出了预应力混凝土梁构件的破坏荷载曲线。
With the technology development of the prestressed concrete, the prestressed concrete(PC) frame structures are widely used in large-spanned multi-storey buildings due to its excellent crack resistance and durability. However, there is a lot controversy for its application in the earthquake area for the short application history of the prestressed frame structure, the less experience in the engineering seismic calamity, and the relatively less systemic research on its seismic behaviour even though the specialists in world wide make a graet deal study on it. Therefore, to investigate the seismic behaviour of the prestressed concrete frame, it exists the significant academic meaning and application value for our country where seism happens a lot.
This article based on the research of other specialists, combining the project Seismic Analysis Optimizer of the Prestressed Concrete Frame of the fund for the scholars who study and return form abroad, choosing the normal prestressed beam in which the single side prestressed tendon is deployed as the research objects, making the low-cyclic reversed loading tests for the precast concrete members, investing the character of the energy dissipation, stiffness degeneration, and the curve of failure load, provides the restoring force model for the engineers programming the prestressed concrete structures.
Based on the seismic behaviour of the prestressed concrete frame beam, it explores the parts below:
1. The research of the seismic behaviour of the normal beams where the single side prestressed tendon is deployed, says the ability of energy dissipation for the distinct members under the different earthquake models and the impact of the energy dissipation, bearing capacity, rigidity, and ultimate bearing capacity of members for
the spacing of stirrups under the different earthquake models. 2.By designing the loading history(procedure), it simulates not only the general
progress of the growing earthquake action, but the different declining progress
after the peak earthquake action so as to learn about the hysteretic behavior on the
different seismic action, especially the failure character. 3.Not only obtaining the general character number of the restoring force model of
the members, but ascertaining the declining coefficient of bearing capacity, the
stiffness degenerate of unloading curve, and the failure curve on the different
ductility factors.
The research shows that the seismic behavior of the prestressed concrete beam of the appropriate spacing of stirrups and the degree of prestress is closed to that of the common reinforced concrete beams and it can be applied in the seismic area of middling intensity. Meanwhile, the restoring force model in this article can reflect the energy dissipation and bearing capacity decline of the members on the distinct earthquake model and put forward the failure load curve of the prestressed concrete beams.
本文在总结前人研究工作的基础上，结合江苏省留学回国人员基金项目《预应力混凝土框架抗震优化程序》，选取预应力混凝土框架中常用的单侧配置预应力筋梁作为研究对象，进行构件的低周反复加载试验，研究构件的耗能、刚度衰退、破坏荷载曲线等方面的特点，并重点研究单侧配置预应力筋梁的恢复力模型、承载力降低系数和破坏荷载曲线等，为工程技术人员编制预应力混凝土结构的电算程序提供模型参数。
本文围绕预应力混凝土框架梁的抗震性能，主要探讨以下内容：
1．工程中常用单侧预应力配筋梁抗震性能的研究，如不同预应力度构件在不同地震作用模式下的耗能能力，箍筋间距对构件在不同地震作用模式下耗能、承载力、刚度、极限承载力的影响等；
2．通过加载制度的设计，使加载制度不仅能模拟地震作用从小到大的一般过程，还可以模拟地震作用到达峰值后不同的下降过程，以了解构件在不同地震作用下的滞回特性，特别是破坏特征；
3．除获得构件恢复力模型的一般特征值外，还确定了不同延性系数下构件承载力降低系数、卸载退化刚度及破坏荷载曲线。
研究结果表明，预应力度PPR和箍筋间距设计合理的预应力混凝土框架梁，具有与普通钢筋混凝土框架梁相近的抗震性能，可以在中等烈度地震区工程建设中采用。同时本文提出的恢复力模型可以反映构件在不同地震作用模式下的耗能、
扬州人学硕J..学位论文
承载力降低等特征，并且提出了预应力混凝土梁构件的破坏荷载曲线。
With the technology development of the prestressed concrete, the prestressed concrete(PC) frame structures are widely used in large-spanned multi-storey buildings due to its excellent crack resistance and durability. However, there is a lot controversy for its application in the earthquake area for the short application history of the prestressed frame structure, the less experience in the engineering seismic calamity, and the relatively less systemic research on its seismic behaviour even though the specialists in world wide make a graet deal study on it. Therefore, to investigate the seismic behaviour of the prestressed concrete frame, it exists the significant academic meaning and application value for our country where seism happens a lot.
This article based on the research of other specialists, combining the project Seismic Analysis Optimizer of the Prestressed Concrete Frame of the fund for the scholars who study and return form abroad, choosing the normal prestressed beam in which the single side prestressed tendon is deployed as the research objects, making the low-cyclic reversed loading tests for the precast concrete members, investing the character of the energy dissipation, stiffness degeneration, and the curve of failure load, provides the restoring force model for the engineers programming the prestressed concrete structures.
Based on the seismic behaviour of the prestressed concrete frame beam, it explores the parts below:
1. The research of the seismic behaviour of the normal beams where the single side prestressed tendon is deployed, says the ability of energy dissipation for the distinct members under the different earthquake models and the impact of the energy dissipation, bearing capacity, rigidity, and ultimate bearing capacity of members for
the spacing of stirrups under the different earthquake models. 2.By designing the loading history(procedure), it simulates not only the general
progress of the growing earthquake action, but the different declining progress
after the peak earthquake action so as to learn about the hysteretic behavior on the
different seismic action, especially the failure character. 3.Not only obtaining the general character number of the restoring force model of
the members, but ascertaining the declining coefficient of bearing capacity, the
stiffness degenerate of unloading curve, and the failure curve on the different
ductility factors.
The research shows that the seismic behavior of the prestressed concrete beam of the appropriate spacing of stirrups and the degree of prestress is closed to that of the common reinforced concrete beams and it can be applied in the seismic area of middling intensity. Meanwhile, the restoring force model in this article can reflect the energy dissipation and bearing capacity decline of the members on the distinct earthquake model and put forward the failure load curve of the prestressed concrete beams.
引文
[1] 杜拱辰．现代预应力混凝土结构[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[2] 李玉．预应力混凝土建筑在1985年墨西哥地震中震害情况研究[J]．港湾技术，1996(2)
[3] 杜拱辰．国外预应力混凝土的发展和应用[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1982
[4] 俞伟根．部分预应力混凝土框架滞回性能的非线性分析．东南大学硕士论文，1992
[5] 郑文忠．预应力混凝土结构抗震性能研究概况[J]．哈尔滨建筑大学学报，1996(4)
[6] 苏小卒．预应力混凝土框架抗震性能研究[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1998
[7] 焦振刚，陶学康．预应力混凝土结构的抗震性能及设计反应谱的探讨[J]．工程抗震，2000(3)
[8] 俞伟根．预应力混凝土框架抗震性能及抗震设计方法的研究．东南大学博士论文，1995
[9] Shao-Yeh M. MA, Vitelmo V. Bertero, Egor P. Popov. Experimental And Analytical Studies On the Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Rectangularm and T-Beams. EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING REACH CENTER, 1976
[10] 姚振纲，刘祖华．建筑结构试验[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1996
[11] 朱伯龙．结构抗震试验[M]．北京：地震出版社，1989
[12] 建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[13] 混凝土结构设计规范(GB 50010-2002)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[14] 过镇海．钢筋混凝土原理[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[15] 混凝土结构试验方法标准(GB50152-92)．中国建筑工业出版社，1992
[16] 建筑工程检测标准大全[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[17] 建筑抗震试验方法规程(JGJ 101-96)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[18] 唐九如．钢筋混凝土框架节点抗震[M]．南京：东南大学出版社，1989
[19] 高振世，朱继澄．建筑结构抗震设计[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[20] 陈云涛．钢筋混凝土结构恢复力特性的分析研究和数字化．同济大学硕士论文，2002
[21] 张新培．钢筋混凝土结构随机层恢复力模型的研究及其时程可靠度分析．四川大学硕士论文，2002
[22] 袁建力．SARCF的应用与发展．第十届全国工程设计计算机应用学术会议论文集，2000 PP．294-301
[23] 袁建力．受损框架抗震能力的分析与鉴定[J]．建筑结构，1998(4)
[24] Xiaozu Su, Bolong Zhu. Algorthm for Hysteresis Analysis of Prestressed-Concrete Frames. Proceeding of 9th WCEE, VOL.8, 1988.
[25] Jianli Yuan, Christian Meyer. SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED FRAMES. Department of Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, Feb. 1994
[26] Jianli Yuan, Christian Meyer, Young Soo Chung, Automatic Design for Uniform Damage Distribution by Program SARCE Journal of Southeast University, Vol.11, No.1A, Oct.1995
[27] Jianli Yuan. EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT ANALYSIS AND APPRAISAL FOR DAMAGED FRAMES BY PROGRAM SARCF-Ⅲ. Proceedings of the Second International Conference in Civil Engineering on Computer Applications, Research and Practice
[28] 欧进萍，吴波．压弯构件在主余震作用下的累积损伤试验研究[J]．地震工程与工程振动1994(9)
[29] 孟少平．预应力混凝土框架结构抗震能力及设计方法的研究．东南大学博士论文，2000
[30] 刘之春．部分预应力混凝土梁抗震性能的试验研究．东南大学硕士论文，1994
[31] 胡文发，黄鼎业．地震作用下预应力混凝土结构的实际抗震表现[J]，工程抗震，1998(4)
[32] 胡文发，黄鼎业．预应力混凝土结构非线性地震反应分析[J]．地震工程与工程振动，2000(20)
[33] 林希．无粘结部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架结构抗震研究．福州大学硕士论文，2003
[34] 陈勇．无粘结预应力砼框架节点抗震性能研究．福州大学硕士论文，2002
[35] 沈聚敏，周锡元．抗震工程学[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002
[36] 吕志涛，孟少平．现代预应力设计[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[37] 王传志，腾智明．钢筋混凝士结构理论[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[38] 周氐，康清梁．现代钢筋混凝土基本理论[M]．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1989
[39] 吕西林，金国芳．钢筋混凝土结构非线型有限元理论与应用[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1996
[40] 朱伯龙，董振祥．钢筋混凝土非线型分析[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1985
[45] Y. L. Mo, R.H. Han. Cyclic load tests on prestressed concrete model frames. Engineering Structures, Vol.18, No.4, pp.311-320.
[46] Jose Luis Camba, Roberto Meli.Case Study of the Performance of Prestressed Concrete Builidings During the 1985 Mexico Earthquake. PCI JOURNAL March-April 1993 58-71
[46] Hiroshi Muguruma.Lessons Learned from the Kobe Earthquake—A Japanese Perspective PCI JOURNAL March-April 1995 28-42
[47] 吕志涛，张家华．预应力结构抗震设计的几点建议[J]．建筑科学，1997(3)
[48] 朱伯龙，张瑶联．建筑结构抗震设计原理[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1994
[49] 滕家禄．高层建筑结构抗震设计[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[50] 李国平．预应力混凝土结构设计原理[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[51] 张士铎．部分预应力混凝土—理论、设计及专题研究[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1985
[52] 赫红伟．origin6实例教程[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2000
[53] K.J. Thompson, R. Park. Seismic Response of Partially Prestressed Concrete. J. Struct. Divi, ASCE, STS, 1980
[54] S.Inomata, Partially Prestressed Concrete Under Cyclic Action, Analyticl Moment-Curvature Model, Partial Prestressing, from theory to practice, 1986
[2] 李玉．预应力混凝土建筑在1985年墨西哥地震中震害情况研究[J]．港湾技术，1996(2)
[3] 杜拱辰．国外预应力混凝土的发展和应用[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1982
[4] 俞伟根．部分预应力混凝土框架滞回性能的非线性分析．东南大学硕士论文，1992
[5] 郑文忠．预应力混凝土结构抗震性能研究概况[J]．哈尔滨建筑大学学报，1996(4)
[6] 苏小卒．预应力混凝土框架抗震性能研究[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1998
[7] 焦振刚，陶学康．预应力混凝土结构的抗震性能及设计反应谱的探讨[J]．工程抗震，2000(3)
[8] 俞伟根．预应力混凝土框架抗震性能及抗震设计方法的研究．东南大学博士论文，1995
[9] Shao-Yeh M. MA, Vitelmo V. Bertero, Egor P. Popov. Experimental And Analytical Studies On the Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Rectangularm and T-Beams. EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING REACH CENTER, 1976
[10] 姚振纲，刘祖华．建筑结构试验[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1996
[11] 朱伯龙．结构抗震试验[M]．北京：地震出版社，1989
[12] 建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[13] 混凝土结构设计规范(GB 50010-2002)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[14] 过镇海．钢筋混凝土原理[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[15] 混凝土结构试验方法标准(GB50152-92)．中国建筑工业出版社，1992
[16] 建筑工程检测标准大全[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[17] 建筑抗震试验方法规程(JGJ 101-96)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[18] 唐九如．钢筋混凝土框架节点抗震[M]．南京：东南大学出版社，1989
[19] 高振世，朱继澄．建筑结构抗震设计[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[20] 陈云涛．钢筋混凝土结构恢复力特性的分析研究和数字化．同济大学硕士论文，2002
[21] 张新培．钢筋混凝土结构随机层恢复力模型的研究及其时程可靠度分析．四川大学硕士论文，2002
[22] 袁建力．SARCF的应用与发展．第十届全国工程设计计算机应用学术会议论文集，2000 PP．294-301
[23] 袁建力．受损框架抗震能力的分析与鉴定[J]．建筑结构，1998(4)
[24] Xiaozu Su, Bolong Zhu. Algorthm for Hysteresis Analysis of Prestressed-Concrete Frames. Proceeding of 9th WCEE, VOL.8, 1988.
[25] Jianli Yuan, Christian Meyer. SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED FRAMES. Department of Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, Feb. 1994
[26] Jianli Yuan, Christian Meyer, Young Soo Chung, Automatic Design for Uniform Damage Distribution by Program SARCE Journal of Southeast University, Vol.11, No.1A, Oct.1995
[27] Jianli Yuan. EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT ANALYSIS AND APPRAISAL FOR DAMAGED FRAMES BY PROGRAM SARCF-Ⅲ. Proceedings of the Second International Conference in Civil Engineering on Computer Applications, Research and Practice
[28] 欧进萍，吴波．压弯构件在主余震作用下的累积损伤试验研究[J]．地震工程与工程振动1994(9)
[29] 孟少平．预应力混凝土框架结构抗震能力及设计方法的研究．东南大学博士论文，2000
[30] 刘之春．部分预应力混凝土梁抗震性能的试验研究．东南大学硕士论文，1994
[31] 胡文发，黄鼎业．地震作用下预应力混凝土结构的实际抗震表现[J]，工程抗震，1998(4)
[32] 胡文发，黄鼎业．预应力混凝土结构非线性地震反应分析[J]．地震工程与工程振动，2000(20)
[33] 林希．无粘结部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架结构抗震研究．福州大学硕士论文，2003
[34] 陈勇．无粘结预应力砼框架节点抗震性能研究．福州大学硕士论文，2002
[35] 沈聚敏，周锡元．抗震工程学[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002
[36] 吕志涛，孟少平．现代预应力设计[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[37] 王传志，腾智明．钢筋混凝士结构理论[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1985
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