有源光旋转连接器的研究
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摘要
光旋转连接是一门跨学科的技术，它把光传输、电子电路、精密机械设计等
技术领域的研究有机的结合起来，形成了一种能完成机械结构相对转动，光信号
旋转耦合的复合技术。它具有光信号动态传输，防电磁干扰、小型易用等突出优
点，在军事和民用领域有着不可替代的重要意义。本文为弥补传统的光旋转连接
系统在机械精度要求高、结构复杂、成本高等方面的局限，提出了红外空间互连
旋转连接器和采用自聚焦透镜的光电混合光纤旋转连接器两种设计方案，它们都
具有机械结构简单，光信号耦合容易实现等特点。对这两种系统的设计方案和系
统优化方法的探索，在现有技术的综合应用，以及开发新型光旋转连接器并推广
使用方面具有开拓性意义。
本文的主要工作：
1. 提出将红外无线数据传输技术引入旋转连接器的设计思想，并根据旋转
连接器的基本设计要求，及其与红外无线传输技术相结合的具体要求，完成了红
外空间互连旋转连接器的整体设计方案。
2. 设计了红外空间互连旋转连接器的电路。从微机接口、通信控制和红外
收发三个层次讨论了电路的实现方法，并完成了信号调制与解调的时序仿真。采
用多种新型器件和功能模块，设计了具有功能齐全，体积小等特点的电路硬件。
3. 通过实验检验了红外空间互连旋转连接器的适应性。在不同主机操作系
统下，对红外空间互连旋转连接器的传输性能进行分析与评估，测试了系统的通
信速率、传输稳定性和可靠性等重要指标，并总结了红外空间互连旋转连接器的
传输特点。
4. 优化设计了旋转连接器中的红外光链路。分析了 IrDA 协议规定的红外
无线信道的特性，从改善红外互连旋转连接器光链路，优化系统的角度设计了准
直光学系统，用其减小红外光发散角，从而提高旋转连接器的传输性能。
5. 设计了采用自聚焦透镜的光电混合光纤旋转连接器。该系统综合了有源
及无源光纤旋转连接器的系统结构，转动部分用自聚焦透镜准直光信号，固定接
收部分用光电和电光变换电路，从而完成光信号的旋转连接。文中根据系统性能
要求，完成了系统整体结构和各组成部分的设计，并模拟和计算了系统的耦合效
率，从理论上分析了该光电混合光纤旋转连接器传输光信号的有效性。
I
本文的创新之处：
1. 将红外无线数据传输技术引入旋转连接器的设计，实现了红外空间互连
旋转连接器对光信号的动态传输。
2. 提出了采用集成准直光学系统，优化红外光链路的方法，并完成了相应
的光学系统设计。该优化方法能提高红外空间互连旋转连接器的红外信道传输质
量。
3. 综合有源及无源光纤旋转连接器的系统结构，设计了光电混合光纤旋转
连接器。该结构中，自聚焦透镜准直转动光纤的出射光，固定部分用光电和电光
转换电路接收并再生光信号，从而实现光信号的旋转连接。
Optical rotary interconnection is a multi-discipline technique, which combines
the study of optical transmission, circuitry and precise mechanical design. And it
allows transmission of optical signals through rotating interfaces to stationary
apparatus. It is indispensable in the fields of military and civil applications, where
dynamic transmissions of optical signals, immune to electro-magnetic interference
(EMI) and small size are required. But common optical rotary joints have
disadvantages of extremely high-precision mechanical assembly requirements,
complex configuration and high cost. In this paper, to avoid these shortcomings, two
schemes of ORJ are presented: infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint and
opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint using quarter-pitch graded-index (GRIN)
rod lens. These two optical rotary joints have such advantages as simple mechanical
configuration and easy realization of optical coupling. The research on the system
design and optimization is helpful to the application of existent techniques and the
development of novel optical rotary joints.
Major work of this thesis:
1. The scheme that applies the wireless infrared communication technique to
the design of optical rotary joint was presented. Based on the analysis of the design
requirements for both rotary joint and wireless infrared communications, the system
architecture of infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint was designed.
2. The circuit of the infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint was designed.
The implementation of the electronic circuit was discussed in three aspects, i.e.,
computer interface, communication control, infrared transmitting and receiving. The
simulation of the transmitting and receiving procedures was also finished. The
hardware circuit was designed with new modules to achieve improved function and
small size.
3. The adaptability of the infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint was
verified through experiments. The transmission performance in different operating
systems (OSs) was analyzed and evaluated. The data rate and transmission stability
III
were also tested. Moreover, conclusions about transmission characteristics were
drawn.
4. The infrared data link in the rotary joint was optimized. Based on the analysis
of the characteristics of the wireless infrared channel regulated by IrDA protocol, a
collimation optical system was designed to optimize the optical link of the infrared
spatial interconnection rotary joint. With this optical system, the radiation angle can
be reduced and the transmission performance of the rotary joint can be improved.
5. The opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint using GRIN was designed,
in which the configurations of active and passive optical rotary joints were combined.
The GRIN lens was used to collimate the light in the rotary part. And the
opto-electronic and electro-optic conversion circuits were allowed to receive the
optical signal. The two parts accomplished the signal connection. In the paper, both
the architecture and the each of implementation part were designed according to the
system requirements. In addition, the optic coupling efficiency was calculated to
evaluate the validity of the opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint.
Major innovation of this thesis:
1. The wireless infrared communication technique was applied to design the
optical rotary joint and realize the optical dynamic transmission in the infrared spatial
interconnection rotary joint.
2. A method to optimize the infrared link was presented. As a core of the
method, an integrate collimate optical system was designed to optimize the infrared
link and improve the transmission quality of infrared channel in the infrared spatial
interconnection rotary joint.
3. The opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint was designed, which
combined the configurations of active and passive optical rotary joints. In t
技术领域的研究有机的结合起来，形成了一种能完成机械结构相对转动，光信号
旋转耦合的复合技术。它具有光信号动态传输，防电磁干扰、小型易用等突出优
点，在军事和民用领域有着不可替代的重要意义。本文为弥补传统的光旋转连接
系统在机械精度要求高、结构复杂、成本高等方面的局限，提出了红外空间互连
旋转连接器和采用自聚焦透镜的光电混合光纤旋转连接器两种设计方案，它们都
具有机械结构简单，光信号耦合容易实现等特点。对这两种系统的设计方案和系
统优化方法的探索，在现有技术的综合应用，以及开发新型光旋转连接器并推广
使用方面具有开拓性意义。
本文的主要工作：
1. 提出将红外无线数据传输技术引入旋转连接器的设计思想，并根据旋转
连接器的基本设计要求，及其与红外无线传输技术相结合的具体要求，完成了红
外空间互连旋转连接器的整体设计方案。
2. 设计了红外空间互连旋转连接器的电路。从微机接口、通信控制和红外
收发三个层次讨论了电路的实现方法，并完成了信号调制与解调的时序仿真。采
用多种新型器件和功能模块，设计了具有功能齐全，体积小等特点的电路硬件。
3. 通过实验检验了红外空间互连旋转连接器的适应性。在不同主机操作系
统下，对红外空间互连旋转连接器的传输性能进行分析与评估，测试了系统的通
信速率、传输稳定性和可靠性等重要指标，并总结了红外空间互连旋转连接器的
传输特点。
4. 优化设计了旋转连接器中的红外光链路。分析了 IrDA 协议规定的红外
无线信道的特性，从改善红外互连旋转连接器光链路，优化系统的角度设计了准
直光学系统，用其减小红外光发散角，从而提高旋转连接器的传输性能。
5. 设计了采用自聚焦透镜的光电混合光纤旋转连接器。该系统综合了有源
及无源光纤旋转连接器的系统结构，转动部分用自聚焦透镜准直光信号，固定接
收部分用光电和电光变换电路，从而完成光信号的旋转连接。文中根据系统性能
要求，完成了系统整体结构和各组成部分的设计，并模拟和计算了系统的耦合效
率，从理论上分析了该光电混合光纤旋转连接器传输光信号的有效性。
I
本文的创新之处：
1. 将红外无线数据传输技术引入旋转连接器的设计，实现了红外空间互连
旋转连接器对光信号的动态传输。
2. 提出了采用集成准直光学系统，优化红外光链路的方法，并完成了相应
的光学系统设计。该优化方法能提高红外空间互连旋转连接器的红外信道传输质
量。
3. 综合有源及无源光纤旋转连接器的系统结构，设计了光电混合光纤旋转
连接器。该结构中，自聚焦透镜准直转动光纤的出射光，固定部分用光电和电光
转换电路接收并再生光信号，从而实现光信号的旋转连接。
Optical rotary interconnection is a multi-discipline technique, which combines
the study of optical transmission, circuitry and precise mechanical design. And it
allows transmission of optical signals through rotating interfaces to stationary
apparatus. It is indispensable in the fields of military and civil applications, where
dynamic transmissions of optical signals, immune to electro-magnetic interference
(EMI) and small size are required. But common optical rotary joints have
disadvantages of extremely high-precision mechanical assembly requirements,
complex configuration and high cost. In this paper, to avoid these shortcomings, two
schemes of ORJ are presented: infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint and
opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint using quarter-pitch graded-index (GRIN)
rod lens. These two optical rotary joints have such advantages as simple mechanical
configuration and easy realization of optical coupling. The research on the system
design and optimization is helpful to the application of existent techniques and the
development of novel optical rotary joints.
Major work of this thesis:
1. The scheme that applies the wireless infrared communication technique to
the design of optical rotary joint was presented. Based on the analysis of the design
requirements for both rotary joint and wireless infrared communications, the system
architecture of infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint was designed.
2. The circuit of the infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint was designed.
The implementation of the electronic circuit was discussed in three aspects, i.e.,
computer interface, communication control, infrared transmitting and receiving. The
simulation of the transmitting and receiving procedures was also finished. The
hardware circuit was designed with new modules to achieve improved function and
small size.
3. The adaptability of the infrared spatial interconnection rotary joint was
verified through experiments. The transmission performance in different operating
systems (OSs) was analyzed and evaluated. The data rate and transmission stability
III
were also tested. Moreover, conclusions about transmission characteristics were
drawn.
4. The infrared data link in the rotary joint was optimized. Based on the analysis
of the characteristics of the wireless infrared channel regulated by IrDA protocol, a
collimation optical system was designed to optimize the optical link of the infrared
spatial interconnection rotary joint. With this optical system, the radiation angle can
be reduced and the transmission performance of the rotary joint can be improved.
5. The opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint using GRIN was designed,
in which the configurations of active and passive optical rotary joints were combined.
The GRIN lens was used to collimate the light in the rotary part. And the
opto-electronic and electro-optic conversion circuits were allowed to receive the
optical signal. The two parts accomplished the signal connection. In the paper, both
the architecture and the each of implementation part were designed according to the
system requirements. In addition, the optic coupling efficiency was calculated to
evaluate the validity of the opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint.
Major innovation of this thesis:
1. The wireless infrared communication technique was applied to design the
optical rotary joint and realize the optical dynamic transmission in the infrared spatial
interconnection rotary joint.
2. A method to optimize the infrared link was presented. As a core of the
method, an integrate collimate optical system was designed to optimize the infrared
link and improve the transmission quality of infrared channel in the infrared spatial
interconnection rotary joint.
3. The opto-electronic hybrid fiber-optic rotary joint was designed, which
combined the configurations of active and passive optical rotary joints. In t
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