青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测的无线传感器网络节点研究
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摘要
人类在多年冻土区修筑铁路已有100多年的历史,但由于冻土这种土体介质对温度的敏感性,冻胀、融沉等病害始终影响着冻土区铁路的正常运行。因此,对冻土区铁路工程进行长期、全面、系统的观测,及时发现隐患,显得尤为重要。目前,已经有许多种基于不同原理的传统的和新型的监测方法。但是,现有的监测方法往往还存在不少问题。
无线传感器网络综合了传感技术、MEMS技术、无线通信技术和分布式信息处理技术等,具有自组织性、容错性、快速展开性等特性,以数据采集和数据管理为中心,在军事国防、工农业控制、城市管理、环境监测等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。
为了给冻土区铁路安全监测提供一个新的解决方法,本文将无线传感器网络应用于青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测中。在对青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测的实际需求做了系统分析后,结合项目实际,选取了路基地温为主要监测内容,设计制作了信息节点Snows Elf_S、通信节点Snows Elf_C和测试节点Snows Elf_T等Snows Elf系列三种节点,详细描述了处理器&通信模块、传感器模块、能量供应模块、人机交互模块等四大模块的软硬件设计过程,并提供了各模块的原理图、PCB图、实物图和软件流程图。
最后,设计并完成了节点的环境适应性实验和模拟现场测温实验,初步验证了Snows Elf系列节点在青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测中的实用性。
本文的研究得到了安徽省自然科学基金项目的资助,项目编号070412037。
It has been over 100 years since people began to construct railroads upon permafrost regions all over the world. Because of the sensitivity of the frozen soil to temperature, diseases, such as frost-heaving and thawing-settlement, are always affecting the daily operation of the railways in permafrost areas. Thus it has great importance to carry out long-term, systematic and overall safety monitoring of the subgrade to find and resolve the hidden troubles timely. There exist many monitoring methods and systems, traditional or modern, based on different theories. However, in most cases, satisfactory results are not easy to get, because of the inherent deficiencies of the existing monitoring systems.
Because of their characteristics of self organization, fault tolerance, rapid deployment, automatic mobile localization, etc. wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as a result of the technical combination of sensors, MENS, wireless communication and distributed signal processing, centralizing in data acquisition and data management, have found their way into a wide variety of applications and systems, such as military defense, industrial and agricultural control, urban management, environmental monitoring, etc., with vastly varying requirements and characteristics recently.
To provide a new method for the subgrade safety monitoring of railroads in permafrost areas, WSNs, in this dissertation, are applied to monitor the safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade. After an overall study of the actual demand of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade safety monitoring, temperature was determined as the major monitoring parameter. A series of wireless sensor nodes is developed, named as Snows Elf, consisting of three sub-kinds named as Snows Elf_S, Snows Elf_C and Snows Elf_T. It is described, in detail, the software and hardware design of the controller&communication, sensors, power supply, and human-computer interaction subsystems of Snows Elf nodes. Besides, the circuit schematic and PCB diagrams, with the program flow charts of these subsystems are provided in this dissertation.
Then several experiments are designed and carried out to test the environmental adaptability and the actual temperature monitoring capability of the Snows Elf wireless sensor nodes. The experimental results show that the Snows Elf wireless sensor nodes have great environmental adaptability and the actual temperature monitoring capability. Therefore they can play an important role in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade safety monitoring.
This dissertation is supported by by NSFC of Anhui, China (No. 070412037).
无线传感器网络综合了传感技术、MEMS技术、无线通信技术和分布式信息处理技术等,具有自组织性、容错性、快速展开性等特性,以数据采集和数据管理为中心,在军事国防、工农业控制、城市管理、环境监测等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。
为了给冻土区铁路安全监测提供一个新的解决方法,本文将无线传感器网络应用于青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测中。在对青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测的实际需求做了系统分析后,结合项目实际,选取了路基地温为主要监测内容,设计制作了信息节点Snows Elf_S、通信节点Snows Elf_C和测试节点Snows Elf_T等Snows Elf系列三种节点,详细描述了处理器&通信模块、传感器模块、能量供应模块、人机交互模块等四大模块的软硬件设计过程,并提供了各模块的原理图、PCB图、实物图和软件流程图。
最后,设计并完成了节点的环境适应性实验和模拟现场测温实验,初步验证了Snows Elf系列节点在青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测中的实用性。
本文的研究得到了安徽省自然科学基金项目的资助,项目编号070412037。
It has been over 100 years since people began to construct railroads upon permafrost regions all over the world. Because of the sensitivity of the frozen soil to temperature, diseases, such as frost-heaving and thawing-settlement, are always affecting the daily operation of the railways in permafrost areas. Thus it has great importance to carry out long-term, systematic and overall safety monitoring of the subgrade to find and resolve the hidden troubles timely. There exist many monitoring methods and systems, traditional or modern, based on different theories. However, in most cases, satisfactory results are not easy to get, because of the inherent deficiencies of the existing monitoring systems.
Because of their characteristics of self organization, fault tolerance, rapid deployment, automatic mobile localization, etc. wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as a result of the technical combination of sensors, MENS, wireless communication and distributed signal processing, centralizing in data acquisition and data management, have found their way into a wide variety of applications and systems, such as military defense, industrial and agricultural control, urban management, environmental monitoring, etc., with vastly varying requirements and characteristics recently.
To provide a new method for the subgrade safety monitoring of railroads in permafrost areas, WSNs, in this dissertation, are applied to monitor the safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade. After an overall study of the actual demand of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade safety monitoring, temperature was determined as the major monitoring parameter. A series of wireless sensor nodes is developed, named as Snows Elf, consisting of three sub-kinds named as Snows Elf_S, Snows Elf_C and Snows Elf_T. It is described, in detail, the software and hardware design of the controller&communication, sensors, power supply, and human-computer interaction subsystems of Snows Elf nodes. Besides, the circuit schematic and PCB diagrams, with the program flow charts of these subsystems are provided in this dissertation.
Then several experiments are designed and carried out to test the environmental adaptability and the actual temperature monitoring capability of the Snows Elf wireless sensor nodes. The experimental results show that the Snows Elf wireless sensor nodes have great environmental adaptability and the actual temperature monitoring capability. Therefore they can play an important role in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade safety monitoring.
This dissertation is supported by by NSFC of Anhui, China (No. 070412037).
引文
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[2]蔡秀生. 2002.青藏铁路通信信号建设几个问题的探讨[J].中国铁路,(12):60-63.
[3]曹玉新,张鲁新,许兰民,等.2006.青藏铁路冻土区路基工程安全可靠性监测技术研究[J].工程地质学报,14(06):841-846.
[4]陈丹,郑增威,李际军.2004.无线传感器网络研究综述[J].计算机测量与控制,12(8):701-704.
[5]答治华,章长江.2002.建立青藏铁路多年冻土区工程的监测体系的必要性[J].铁道工程学报,(2):68-70,33.
[6]邓安庆.2006.基于RF的无线传感器网络在设备监控系统中的应用研究[D]:[硕士].武汉:武汉理工大学.
[7]黄志勇. 2008.冻土路基线路的主要病害分析和整治措施[J].山西建筑,34(17):286-287.
[8]蒋鹏.2009.基于无线传感器网络的湿地水环境数据视频监测系统[J].传感技术学报, 22(2):244-248.
[9]孔令成,张志华,骆敏舟.2008-8-20.用于铁路冻土路基安全监测的传感器节点及工作方法:中国,CN101246637.
[10]黎国清.2001.沪宁线行车安全综合监控系统[J].中国铁路,(7):15-17.
[11]李帅,尤著宏,孔令成,等. 2008青藏铁路冻土监测无线传感器网络节点设计[J].自动化与仪表,(08):25-28.
[12]李英奇.2007.无线传感器网络在冶金设备监测中的应用[D]:[硕士].北京:北京科技大学.
[13]梁波,陈兴冲. 2007.青藏铁路的重要意义、技术难点及力学问题第十三届全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告[J].工程力学,(S1):139-149.
[14]罗秀云,蒲云,陈尚云.2005.青藏铁路格拉段运输安全监控信息系统[J].西南交通大学学报,40(5):680-683.
[15]吕久俊,李秀珍,胡远满,等.2007.寒区生态系统中多年冻土研究进展[J].生态学杂志, 26(3):435-442.
[16]马保国,乔玲玲,贾寅波.无线传感器网络研究综述[J].计算机与数字工程,2008,36(9):50-53.
[17]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛. 2004.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,25(04):114-124.
[18]缪强.2004.无线传感器网络研究与实现[D]:[硕士].杭州:浙江大学.
[19]缪仕福.2007.基于CC2431的无线传感器网络节点的研制[D]:[硕士].合肥:中国科学技术大学,7-19.
[20]潘育山,许金福.2005.新型铁路路基温度无线采集系统[J].铁道建筑,(7):75-77.
[21]青藏铁路建设总指挥部专家咨询组. 2006.“冻土区工程长期观测系统”技术条件和功能.格尔木:青藏铁路建设总指挥部.
[22]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等. 2005.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社.
[23]TI CC2430 ZigBee SOC参考设计[EB/OL]. http://solution.eccn.com/pdf /TI_072511_7.zip
[24]王东,胡松涛,张瑜.2005.青藏高原气候对旅客列车室内环境品质的影响[J].暖通空调,35(05):23-25+92.
[25]王帅,邵明杰,张万泽,等.2007.基于无线传感器网络的煤矿安全监测系统[J].中国新通信, 9(21):13-15.
[26]夏恒星.2007.基于无线传感器网络的矿井安全监测系统的研究与实现[D]:[硕士].南京:南京航空航天大学.
[27]肖贵平,聂磊. 2002.青藏铁路行车安全保障信息系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报, 12(3):46-50.
[28]徐超.2007.面向大型工程健康监测的无线传感器网络基本理论和关键技术研究[D]:[博士].武汉:武汉理工大学
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