自组织异构无线传感器网络基站设计及应用研究
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摘要
随着传感器技术的发展和硬件水平的不断提高,自组织无线传感器网络在工农业、城市管理、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾等领域得到了越来越多的应用。我国煤矿数量多,而且监控系统大多采用有线方式,布线昂贵,维修复杂,无法动态改变网络结构,网络容量小,并且只能延伸到煤矿的巷道内,对采煤区的作业情况无法进行监测。
本文在基于自组织无线传感器网络研究的基础上,设计了基于嵌入式Linux系统的基站,用于系统运行时的数据接收、处理、存储、转发和显示等接口,实现了基站作为汇聚节点应具备的功能。并为终端提供了人性化的监控界面,实时观测系统运行状况。主要内容包括多媒体传感器节点设计、射频收发模块设计与实现、基站与终端软硬件设计以及低复杂度的视频压缩算法。使用自组织异构无线传感器网络,将温湿度、瓦斯、视频传感器节点部署在监测区域或矿工身上,实时监测矿井和矿工的运行工作情况,对矿井的安全事故预防、检测以及矿工的救援工作具有重要的研究意义和较高的实用价值。
With the developping steps of sensor technology and hardware, self-organizing wireless sensor networks (WSN) have being used more and more fields and directions, such as industry, agriculture, urban management, bio-medical, environmental monitoring, and disaster relief. Wired control system in Coal mines requires expensive wiring costs, complex maintenance, and can not change the network structure dynamically, its capacity is small, and can only be extended to the coal mine roadway, without monitoring of the mining areas.
In this paper, after the research on self-organizing wireless sensor networks, we designed the base station based on embedded Linux for system to achieve data reception, processing, storage, forwarding, and display functions, as a sink node. We provided terminal GUI to observe system status in real-time. The main contents of this paper include multimedia sensor node design, RF transceiver module design and implementation, base station and terminal hardware and software design, and also low-complexity video compression algorithm. With the deployment of the system, Information of monitoring area, or Miners status, such as temperature, humidity, gas dengsity, video, can be easily observed, which ensure a way of mine safety, accident prevention, detection, and rescue work. The research provides important guidance and high practical value.
本文在基于自组织无线传感器网络研究的基础上,设计了基于嵌入式Linux系统的基站,用于系统运行时的数据接收、处理、存储、转发和显示等接口,实现了基站作为汇聚节点应具备的功能。并为终端提供了人性化的监控界面,实时观测系统运行状况。主要内容包括多媒体传感器节点设计、射频收发模块设计与实现、基站与终端软硬件设计以及低复杂度的视频压缩算法。使用自组织异构无线传感器网络,将温湿度、瓦斯、视频传感器节点部署在监测区域或矿工身上,实时监测矿井和矿工的运行工作情况,对矿井的安全事故预防、检测以及矿工的救援工作具有重要的研究意义和较高的实用价值。
With the developping steps of sensor technology and hardware, self-organizing wireless sensor networks (WSN) have being used more and more fields and directions, such as industry, agriculture, urban management, bio-medical, environmental monitoring, and disaster relief. Wired control system in Coal mines requires expensive wiring costs, complex maintenance, and can not change the network structure dynamically, its capacity is small, and can only be extended to the coal mine roadway, without monitoring of the mining areas.
In this paper, after the research on self-organizing wireless sensor networks, we designed the base station based on embedded Linux for system to achieve data reception, processing, storage, forwarding, and display functions, as a sink node. We provided terminal GUI to observe system status in real-time. The main contents of this paper include multimedia sensor node design, RF transceiver module design and implementation, base station and terminal hardware and software design, and also low-complexity video compression algorithm. With the deployment of the system, Information of monitoring area, or Miners status, such as temperature, humidity, gas dengsity, video, can be easily observed, which ensure a way of mine safety, accident prevention, detection, and rescue work. The research provides important guidance and high practical value.
引文
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[2]Zhang Ke, Li Yang, Xliao Wang-hui, et al. The Application of a Wireless Sensor Network Design Based on ZigBee in Petrochemical Industry Field Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems,2008. ICINIS'08. First International Conference 284～287
[3]Al-Turjman F.M., Hassanein H.S., Ibnkahla M.A. Connectivity Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks Applied to Forest MonitoringCommunications,2009. ICC'09. IEEE International Conference,1～6
[4]Abishek C., Kumar M., Kumar P.. City traffic congestion control in Indian scenario using wireless sensors networkWireless Communication and Sensor Networks (WCSN),2009 Fifth IEEE Conference,1～6
[5]Lawrence E., Navarro K.F., Doan Hoang, et al. Data Collection, Correlation and Dissemination of Medical Sensor Information in a WSNNetworking and Services,2009. ICNS'09. Fifth International Conference,402～408
[6]Wei Han, Kang-ling Fang, Xiao-hui Li, et al. Ajax Applied in Environment Monitoring System Based on WSNComputer Science and Computational Technology,2008,. Vol.1,608～611
[7]Castillo-Effer M., Quintela D.H., Moreno W., et al. Wireless sensor networks for flash-flood alerting Devices, Circuits and Systems,2004. Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Caracas Conference Vol.1,142～146
[8]Sanson H., Mitsuji M.. Localization for emergency sensor networks Advanced Communication Technology,2005, ICACT 2005. The 7th International Conference Vol.2, 982-987
[9]Younis M., Lalani A., Eltoweissy M.. Safe base-station repositioning in wireless sensor networksPerformance, Computing, and Communications Conference,2006. IPCCC 2006. 25th IEEE International,8～528
[10]Wu-chi Feng, B. Code, Panoptes. A scalable architecture for video sensor Proc. of the ACM Int'l Conf. on Multimedia 2003, New York:ACM Press,2003,151～167.
[11]Kulkarni P, Ganesan D, Henoy P, et al.Senseye:A multi-tier camera sensor network[C]. Proc of the 13th Annual ACM international Conference on Multi media'05. New York:ACM Press,2005:229～238.
[12]Stephan Hengstler, Hamid Aghajan. WISNAP:A Wireless Image Sensor Network Application Platform, Proc. of 2nd Int. IEEE/Create-Net Conf. on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, Barcelona,2006.3
[13]符鹤,周忠华,彭智朝.电脑应用技术,Microcomputer Application Technology,2006, Vol.3
[14]Calvagna A., Morabito G., Pappalardo A.. WiFi mobility framework supporting GPRS roaming:design and implementationCommunications,2003. ICC'03. IEEE International Conference on 11-15 May 2003 vol.1116～120
[15]Williams S., Hewlett-Packard Lab., Bristol IrDA. past, present and futurePersonal Communications, IEEE. Vol.7,11～19
[16]Lei Wu, Ming Zhao. Design and Implementation on the Intelligent Management System of Garage in the Community Based on Zigbee 754～757
[17]Shao Yong, Zhang Yi, Wang Jian, et al. Research and implementation of ZigBee networking Mechatronics and Automation,2009. ICMA 2009. International Conference,3992～3996
[18]姬军,俞梦孙,向海燕,基于无线传感器网络的脉搏波传导时间监测系统,航天医学与医学工程,2006,Vol.1(9)：6
[19]蒋鹏,基于无线传感器网络的湿地水环境远程实时监测系统关键技术研究,传感技术学报,2007,Vol.2(0)：1
[20]Jianwen Zheng, Xiaochao Li, Donghui Guo. A novel multiboot framework for embedded system:344～347
[21]Ning Fei, Chunling Chen. Computer Science and Information Engineering,2009 WRI World Congress Vol.7:328～330
[22]Liskov B., Gruber R., Johnson, P., et al. A replicated Unix file system Management of Replicated Data, Proceedings.1990:11～14
[23]Tan Da-peng, Li Pei-yu, Pan Xiao-hong, et al. Lightweight GUI Components Library Development Oriented to Embedded Industry Monitoring System Based on Qt/E Convergence Information Technology,2007. International Conference:1614～1620
[24]Lv Junyan, Xu Shiguo, Li Yijie. Application Research of Embedded Database SQLite Information Technology and Applications,2009. IFITA'09. International Forum, Vol.2:539-543
[25]Jing-Lin Du, Li-Jun Chen, Li Xie. Application Platform of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2008. WiCOM '08.4th International Conference, pp.1-4,12～14
[26]Sumi Helal, Joachim Hammer etc, A Three-tier Architecture for Ubiquitous Data Access[J], Computer Systems and Applications, ACS/IEEE International Conference on.2001, 177-180.
[27]周红涛,季新生,三层C／S结构中数据库连接管理器的构造[J],微计算机信息,2005年第21卷第9-3期。
[28]王汝传,陈志,无线传感器网络中间件和平台软件的研究[J],无线通信技术,2005年第3期。
[29]贾玉福,董天临,石坚,无线传感器网络安全问题分析[J],网络安全技术与应用,2005年1月,48-51。
[30]孙桂玲,罗仕胜,刘波等,基于改进的C／S结构在无线传感器网络工作站中的应用,无线通信技术,No.05 Vol.18 200929-32。
[31]曹化工,邓芳伟,一种改进的C／S服务模型[J],华中理工大学学报,1999年5月,第27卷第5期,67-70。
[31]钱建生,孙彦景,基于无线传感器网络煤矿安全监控系统研究,仪器仪表学报,2007,Vol.28(4)
[32]陈方华,周孟然,基于无线传感网络和GPRS的煤矿安全监测系统,煤炭工程,2008,Vol.8
[33]Han Li-na,Sun Mao-yan Application of AD HOC Networks in Colliery Safety Supervise System[J], China Mining Magazine,2007.03
[34]宋柏,朱华,薛永刚.蓝牙技术在煤矿数据传输中的应用研究[J].工矿自动化,2007(03)
[35]GAO Yu-qin, Coal Mine Safety Monitoring System Based on RFID and WSN[J], Instrument Technique and Sensor 2007.12
[36]Wang Xi-yun, Lu Xuan-min, Shao Shu-yuan. A New Coal Mine Monitoring System Platform Based on Wireless Sensor Network[J]. Modern Scientific Instruments,2008.05
[37]Li Hui, Zhang Xiao-guang, Gao Ding, et al. Application of WSN Based on Zigbee in Mine Safety Monitoring[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor,2008.04
[38]WANG Tao, CUI Xun-xue, LI Yun. Realization of Wireless Video Sensor Node Based on Stargate[J]. Journal of Xihua University,2009.01
[39]周亮,李广军,无线传感器网络节点的硬件设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007.07
[40]Lili Wu, Riihijarvi J., Mahonen P.. A MODULAR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK GATEWAY DESIGN, Communications and Networking in China,2007. CHINACOM'07. Second International Conference on
[41]Jing-lin Du, Chen Li-jun, Xie Li. Application Platform of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2008. WiCOM '08.4th International Conference
[42]Minoo K., Nguyen T.Q.. Perceptual Video Coding with H.264 Signals, Systems and Computers,2005. Conference Record of the Thirty-Ninth Asilomar.741～745
[43]Luthra A., Gandhi R., Panusopone K., et al. Performance of MPEG-4 Profiles used for streaming video MPEG-4. Proceedings of Workshop and Exhibition,2001,103～106
[44]Bo You; Chao Yan; Ming Qiao;et al. Research on detection system of ceramic tile based on image processing Electronic Measurement & Instruments,2009.ICEMI'09.9th International Conference,3-628～3-632
[45]王镇道,陈迪平,文康益,JPEG图像压缩算法的IP核设计,计算机应用,2005,Vol.25,No.5
[46]Wang B.; Yong Zeng; Yupu Yang. Generalized nearest neighbor rule for pattern classification. Intelligent Control and Automation,2008. WCICA 2008.7th World Congress on,8465～ 8470
[2]Zhang Ke, Li Yang, Xliao Wang-hui, et al. The Application of a Wireless Sensor Network Design Based on ZigBee in Petrochemical Industry Field Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems,2008. ICINIS'08. First International Conference 284～287
[3]Al-Turjman F.M., Hassanein H.S., Ibnkahla M.A. Connectivity Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks Applied to Forest MonitoringCommunications,2009. ICC'09. IEEE International Conference,1～6
[4]Abishek C., Kumar M., Kumar P.. City traffic congestion control in Indian scenario using wireless sensors networkWireless Communication and Sensor Networks (WCSN),2009 Fifth IEEE Conference,1～6
[5]Lawrence E., Navarro K.F., Doan Hoang, et al. Data Collection, Correlation and Dissemination of Medical Sensor Information in a WSNNetworking and Services,2009. ICNS'09. Fifth International Conference,402～408
[6]Wei Han, Kang-ling Fang, Xiao-hui Li, et al. Ajax Applied in Environment Monitoring System Based on WSNComputer Science and Computational Technology,2008,. Vol.1,608～611
[7]Castillo-Effer M., Quintela D.H., Moreno W., et al. Wireless sensor networks for flash-flood alerting Devices, Circuits and Systems,2004. Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Caracas Conference Vol.1,142～146
[8]Sanson H., Mitsuji M.. Localization for emergency sensor networks Advanced Communication Technology,2005, ICACT 2005. The 7th International Conference Vol.2, 982-987
[9]Younis M., Lalani A., Eltoweissy M.. Safe base-station repositioning in wireless sensor networksPerformance, Computing, and Communications Conference,2006. IPCCC 2006. 25th IEEE International,8～528
[10]Wu-chi Feng, B. Code, Panoptes. A scalable architecture for video sensor Proc. of the ACM Int'l Conf. on Multimedia 2003, New York:ACM Press,2003,151～167.
[11]Kulkarni P, Ganesan D, Henoy P, et al.Senseye:A multi-tier camera sensor network[C]. Proc of the 13th Annual ACM international Conference on Multi media'05. New York:ACM Press,2005:229～238.
[12]Stephan Hengstler, Hamid Aghajan. WISNAP:A Wireless Image Sensor Network Application Platform, Proc. of 2nd Int. IEEE/Create-Net Conf. on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, Barcelona,2006.3
[13]符鹤,周忠华,彭智朝.电脑应用技术,Microcomputer Application Technology,2006, Vol.3
[14]Calvagna A., Morabito G., Pappalardo A.. WiFi mobility framework supporting GPRS roaming:design and implementationCommunications,2003. ICC'03. IEEE International Conference on 11-15 May 2003 vol.1116～120
[15]Williams S., Hewlett-Packard Lab., Bristol IrDA. past, present and futurePersonal Communications, IEEE. Vol.7,11～19
[16]Lei Wu, Ming Zhao. Design and Implementation on the Intelligent Management System of Garage in the Community Based on Zigbee 754～757
[17]Shao Yong, Zhang Yi, Wang Jian, et al. Research and implementation of ZigBee networking Mechatronics and Automation,2009. ICMA 2009. International Conference,3992～3996
[18]姬军,俞梦孙,向海燕,基于无线传感器网络的脉搏波传导时间监测系统,航天医学与医学工程,2006,Vol.1(9)：6
[19]蒋鹏,基于无线传感器网络的湿地水环境远程实时监测系统关键技术研究,传感技术学报,2007,Vol.2(0)：1
[20]Jianwen Zheng, Xiaochao Li, Donghui Guo. A novel multiboot framework for embedded system:344～347
[21]Ning Fei, Chunling Chen. Computer Science and Information Engineering,2009 WRI World Congress Vol.7:328～330
[22]Liskov B., Gruber R., Johnson, P., et al. A replicated Unix file system Management of Replicated Data, Proceedings.1990:11～14
[23]Tan Da-peng, Li Pei-yu, Pan Xiao-hong, et al. Lightweight GUI Components Library Development Oriented to Embedded Industry Monitoring System Based on Qt/E Convergence Information Technology,2007. International Conference:1614～1620
[24]Lv Junyan, Xu Shiguo, Li Yijie. Application Research of Embedded Database SQLite Information Technology and Applications,2009. IFITA'09. International Forum, Vol.2:539-543
[25]Jing-Lin Du, Li-Jun Chen, Li Xie. Application Platform of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2008. WiCOM '08.4th International Conference, pp.1-4,12～14
[26]Sumi Helal, Joachim Hammer etc, A Three-tier Architecture for Ubiquitous Data Access[J], Computer Systems and Applications, ACS/IEEE International Conference on.2001, 177-180.
[27]周红涛,季新生,三层C／S结构中数据库连接管理器的构造[J],微计算机信息,2005年第21卷第9-3期。
[28]王汝传,陈志,无线传感器网络中间件和平台软件的研究[J],无线通信技术,2005年第3期。
[29]贾玉福,董天临,石坚,无线传感器网络安全问题分析[J],网络安全技术与应用,2005年1月,48-51。
[30]孙桂玲,罗仕胜,刘波等,基于改进的C／S结构在无线传感器网络工作站中的应用,无线通信技术,No.05 Vol.18 200929-32。
[31]曹化工,邓芳伟,一种改进的C／S服务模型[J],华中理工大学学报,1999年5月,第27卷第5期,67-70。
[31]钱建生,孙彦景,基于无线传感器网络煤矿安全监控系统研究,仪器仪表学报,2007,Vol.28(4)
[32]陈方华,周孟然,基于无线传感网络和GPRS的煤矿安全监测系统,煤炭工程,2008,Vol.8
[33]Han Li-na,Sun Mao-yan Application of AD HOC Networks in Colliery Safety Supervise System[J], China Mining Magazine,2007.03
[34]宋柏,朱华,薛永刚.蓝牙技术在煤矿数据传输中的应用研究[J].工矿自动化,2007(03)
[35]GAO Yu-qin, Coal Mine Safety Monitoring System Based on RFID and WSN[J], Instrument Technique and Sensor 2007.12
[36]Wang Xi-yun, Lu Xuan-min, Shao Shu-yuan. A New Coal Mine Monitoring System Platform Based on Wireless Sensor Network[J]. Modern Scientific Instruments,2008.05
[37]Li Hui, Zhang Xiao-guang, Gao Ding, et al. Application of WSN Based on Zigbee in Mine Safety Monitoring[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor,2008.04
[38]WANG Tao, CUI Xun-xue, LI Yun. Realization of Wireless Video Sensor Node Based on Stargate[J]. Journal of Xihua University,2009.01
[39]周亮,李广军,无线传感器网络节点的硬件设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007.07
[40]Lili Wu, Riihijarvi J., Mahonen P.. A MODULAR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK GATEWAY DESIGN, Communications and Networking in China,2007. CHINACOM'07. Second International Conference on
[41]Jing-lin Du, Chen Li-jun, Xie Li. Application Platform of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2008. WiCOM '08.4th International Conference
[42]Minoo K., Nguyen T.Q.. Perceptual Video Coding with H.264 Signals, Systems and Computers,2005. Conference Record of the Thirty-Ninth Asilomar.741～745
[43]Luthra A., Gandhi R., Panusopone K., et al. Performance of MPEG-4 Profiles used for streaming video MPEG-4. Proceedings of Workshop and Exhibition,2001,103～106
[44]Bo You; Chao Yan; Ming Qiao;et al. Research on detection system of ceramic tile based on image processing Electronic Measurement & Instruments,2009.ICEMI'09.9th International Conference,3-628～3-632
[45]王镇道,陈迪平,文康益,JPEG图像压缩算法的IP核设计,计算机应用,2005,Vol.25,No.5
[46]Wang B.; Yong Zeng; Yupu Yang. Generalized nearest neighbor rule for pattern classification. Intelligent Control and Automation,2008. WCICA 2008.7th World Congress on,8465～ 8470