光伏供电的无线感知节点设计与实现
摘要
无线传感网络综合了传感技术、下一代互联网技术和无线通信技术,是物联网技术的重要组成部分。无线感知节点是构建无线传感网络最基础的构件,是一个具有环境量感知、数据处理、无线通信等功能完整的微型计算机系统。在将无线感知节点用于环境监测领域时,遇到了长时间不间断监测带来的挑战,这些挑战对无线感知节点提出了低成本、低功耗、能源自给和感知丰富的要求。
本文从环境监测系统遇到的真实问题出发,在对无线感知节点发展现状充分调研、分析、比较的基础上,结合现有研究条件和技术,设计并实现了具有丰富感知功能的光伏供电无线感知节点。
论文主要完成了以下工作：
(1)对室外复杂环境中的无线感知节点进行需求分析,运用模块化设计思想,提出利用MSP430F1611和CC2420为核心芯片的基本节点设计方案,集成多种传感器的感知方案和采用光伏电源的供电方案。
(2)按照模块化设计的思路,完成无线感知节点主体模块的电路设计、PCB设计,并实现了原型节点；基于丰富的感知能力这一需求,感知模块集成六种传感器；为满足节点能源自给的要求,选配光伏电源组件,设计并实现低功耗电源调控电路。
(3)利用相应的测试程序和平台,完成了无线感知节点各部分的功能测试。经测试,节点各功能模块均能正常工作。所实现的光伏电源供电的无线感知节点达到了电能自持,感知量丰富,可灵活扩展等设计目标。
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), integrating with sensor technology, next generation network technology and wireless communication technology, is an important aspect of Internet of Things technology. Wireless sensor node is a basic unit for establishing the WSN. It's a complete microcomputer system for surrounding environment sensing, data processing, and wireless communication. When we use WSN in environment monitoring, we encounter challenges such as large-scale deployment of network and long-term uninterrupted monitoring. These challenges need the wireless sensor node to be low-cost, low-power rich sensor and energy self-sufficiency.
After a full investigation, analysis and comparison of existing studies about Wireless sensor node, we design and implement a solar-powered and wireless node which has rich sensor based on existing technologies.
Our contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:
1.According to the demand analysis of wireless sensor node for environmental monitoring, and utilizing modularization design idea, we proposes the basic nodes design scheme based on the ultralow power microcontroller MSP430F1611and the RF transceiver CC2420at the core. In our scheme, we integrate multiple sensors and solar photovoltaic power.
2. We design and implement the circuit of the main module and the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in the wireless sensor node based on the modular concept. Auxiliary Circuits of6sensor module and photovoltaic power were implemented. The photovoltaic power uses the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, the Super capacitor and Battery to store energy, and the hardware control circuit for charging and discharging.
3. We have tested each part function of wireless sensor according to the corresponding testing procedures and platforms. Our experiment results show that each function module can work well, and the established photovoltaic-based Wireless Sensor Node can reach the goal of energy self-sufficiency, rich sensor and flexible to extend.
本文从环境监测系统遇到的真实问题出发,在对无线感知节点发展现状充分调研、分析、比较的基础上,结合现有研究条件和技术,设计并实现了具有丰富感知功能的光伏供电无线感知节点。
论文主要完成了以下工作：
(1)对室外复杂环境中的无线感知节点进行需求分析,运用模块化设计思想,提出利用MSP430F1611和CC2420为核心芯片的基本节点设计方案,集成多种传感器的感知方案和采用光伏电源的供电方案。
(2)按照模块化设计的思路,完成无线感知节点主体模块的电路设计、PCB设计,并实现了原型节点；基于丰富的感知能力这一需求,感知模块集成六种传感器；为满足节点能源自给的要求,选配光伏电源组件,设计并实现低功耗电源调控电路。
(3)利用相应的测试程序和平台,完成了无线感知节点各部分的功能测试。经测试,节点各功能模块均能正常工作。所实现的光伏电源供电的无线感知节点达到了电能自持,感知量丰富,可灵活扩展等设计目标。
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), integrating with sensor technology, next generation network technology and wireless communication technology, is an important aspect of Internet of Things technology. Wireless sensor node is a basic unit for establishing the WSN. It's a complete microcomputer system for surrounding environment sensing, data processing, and wireless communication. When we use WSN in environment monitoring, we encounter challenges such as large-scale deployment of network and long-term uninterrupted monitoring. These challenges need the wireless sensor node to be low-cost, low-power rich sensor and energy self-sufficiency.
After a full investigation, analysis and comparison of existing studies about Wireless sensor node, we design and implement a solar-powered and wireless node which has rich sensor based on existing technologies.
Our contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:
1.According to the demand analysis of wireless sensor node for environmental monitoring, and utilizing modularization design idea, we proposes the basic nodes design scheme based on the ultralow power microcontroller MSP430F1611and the RF transceiver CC2420at the core. In our scheme, we integrate multiple sensors and solar photovoltaic power.
2. We design and implement the circuit of the main module and the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in the wireless sensor node based on the modular concept. Auxiliary Circuits of6sensor module and photovoltaic power were implemented. The photovoltaic power uses the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, the Super capacitor and Battery to store energy, and the hardware control circuit for charging and discharging.
3. We have tested each part function of wireless sensor according to the corresponding testing procedures and platforms. Our experiment results show that each function module can work well, and the established photovoltaic-based Wireless Sensor Node can reach the goal of energy self-sufficiency, rich sensor and flexible to extend.
引文
[1]刘云浩.物联网导论[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.41-57
[2]市场与经济信息司信息化推进处.国内外农业物联网发展现状[OL].2011-10-13,http://www.moa.gov.cn/sjzz/scs/gzjb/201110/t20111013_2356045.htm.
[3]Yan Sun, Qiang Chen, and Hong Luo, "Smart Home based on Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks"[J], CIC China Communicatins,2011, vol.8, no.l,102-109
[4]顾震宇.国内外无线传感网络节点芯片研究与产品[OL].2010-9-28,http://www.istis.sh.cn/list/list.aspx?id=6750.
[5]孙岩,马华东.无线多媒体传感器网络QoS保障问题[J].电子学报,2008.3 Vo1.36 No.7
[6]V. Raghunathan, A. Kansal, J. Hsu, J. Friedman, and M. B. Sri-vastava. Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems. In IEEE IPSN, pages 457-462,2005.
[7]江泽民.新时期我国信息技术产业的发展[J].上海：上海交通大学学报,1589-1607,2008-10.
[8]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[9]Joe Polastre.UC Berkeley Moteiv Corporation. Designing Low Power Wireless Systems [OL].2004. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/-prabal/teaching/cs294-11-f05/slides/day7a.ppt
[10]Ma HD, Liu YH. Correlation based video processing in video sensor networks. In:Proc. of the IEEE WirelessCom 2005. IEEE Press,2005.987-992.
[11]CC2420 data sheet.2007. http://www.ti.com.cn/product/cn/cc2420?247SEM
[12]Texas Instruments. MSP430F161x Mixed Signal Microcontroller data sheet SLAS361 [OL].[2012-06-30].http://www.ti.com.cn/product/cn/
[13]Telos (Rev B)[M].Moteiv Corporation.2004.
[14]印制电路板(PCB)设计规范VER 1.0.深圳市华为技术有限公司企业标准.
[15]董云鹏.无线传感器网络节点的设计与实现.2008-6-1.北京交通大学硕士学位论文.
[16]CC2430DB Reference Design (swrr034.zip)[OL]. [2008-01-01] http://www.ti.com.cn/tool/cn/CC2430DB_REFDES
[17]Design Note DN0007. [OL]. [2008-01-01] http://e2e.ti.com/support/low_power_rf/f7155/t/230600.aspx
[18]Honeywell. HMC5883L3-AxisDigitalCompassIC Data Sheet [OL]. [2012-04]. http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/Def ense_Brochures-documents/HMC5883L_3-Axis_Digital_Compass_IC.pdf
[19]Kevin Klues,VladoHandziski, Chenyang Lu. Integrating Concurrency Control and Energy Management in Device Drivers [J]. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review,2007,41(6)
[20]唐西胜,齐智平.超级电容器蓄电池混合电源[J].电源技术,2006(11)：68-71.
[21]盂昭渊.独立光伏发电系统储能新方法[A].2005：94-96.
[22]Quick Start Guide:TinyOS 2.1 on Ubuntu 9.10 with TelosB motes. http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/MainPage
[23]http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/Main_Page
[2]市场与经济信息司信息化推进处.国内外农业物联网发展现状[OL].2011-10-13,http://www.moa.gov.cn/sjzz/scs/gzjb/201110/t20111013_2356045.htm.
[3]Yan Sun, Qiang Chen, and Hong Luo, "Smart Home based on Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks"[J], CIC China Communicatins,2011, vol.8, no.l,102-109
[4]顾震宇.国内外无线传感网络节点芯片研究与产品[OL].2010-9-28,http://www.istis.sh.cn/list/list.aspx?id=6750.
[5]孙岩,马华东.无线多媒体传感器网络QoS保障问题[J].电子学报,2008.3 Vo1.36 No.7
[6]V. Raghunathan, A. Kansal, J. Hsu, J. Friedman, and M. B. Sri-vastava. Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems. In IEEE IPSN, pages 457-462,2005.
[7]江泽民.新时期我国信息技术产业的发展[J].上海：上海交通大学学报,1589-1607,2008-10.
[8]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[9]Joe Polastre.UC Berkeley Moteiv Corporation. Designing Low Power Wireless Systems [OL].2004. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/-prabal/teaching/cs294-11-f05/slides/day7a.ppt
[10]Ma HD, Liu YH. Correlation based video processing in video sensor networks. In:Proc. of the IEEE WirelessCom 2005. IEEE Press,2005.987-992.
[11]CC2420 data sheet.2007. http://www.ti.com.cn/product/cn/cc2420?247SEM
[12]Texas Instruments. MSP430F161x Mixed Signal Microcontroller data sheet SLAS361 [OL].[2012-06-30].http://www.ti.com.cn/product/cn/
[13]Telos (Rev B)[M].Moteiv Corporation.2004.
[14]印制电路板(PCB)设计规范VER 1.0.深圳市华为技术有限公司企业标准.
[15]董云鹏.无线传感器网络节点的设计与实现.2008-6-1.北京交通大学硕士学位论文.
[16]CC2430DB Reference Design (swrr034.zip)[OL]. [2008-01-01] http://www.ti.com.cn/tool/cn/CC2430DB_REFDES
[17]Design Note DN0007. [OL]. [2008-01-01] http://e2e.ti.com/support/low_power_rf/f7155/t/230600.aspx
[18]Honeywell. HMC5883L3-AxisDigitalCompassIC Data Sheet [OL]. [2012-04]. http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/Def ense_Brochures-documents/HMC5883L_3-Axis_Digital_Compass_IC.pdf
[19]Kevin Klues,VladoHandziski, Chenyang Lu. Integrating Concurrency Control and Energy Management in Device Drivers [J]. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review,2007,41(6)
[20]唐西胜,齐智平.超级电容器蓄电池混合电源[J].电源技术,2006(11)：68-71.
[21]盂昭渊.独立光伏发电系统储能新方法[A].2005：94-96.
[22]Quick Start Guide:TinyOS 2.1 on Ubuntu 9.10 with TelosB motes. http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/MainPage
[23]http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/Main_Page