低压电力线全双工通信网络的研究
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摘要
低压电力线通信是独特的也是未来通信发展前景广阔的通信方式。目前国内载波芯片的调制解调技术已经齐头并进,不存在什么优劣差异,但性能上的差异还是很大,关键还是看如何处理发送和接收的方式,没有不好的调制技术,只有不好的实现算法。由于现有的载波芯片没有MAC层功能,需要软件来实现,加上通信速率低以及通信条件时变,所以在载波侦听时检查到无节点使用网络,实际是其它节点载波侦正在线上,只是尚未到达或不能到达侦听节点。以上原因导致组网时间过长,如果网络中除信标帧外,还有其它数据帧时,问题变得更为复杂。针对上述问题,本文提出低压电力线全双工通信组网模型,来提高组网及通信效率。
首先,本文全面阐述了低压电力线信道的传输特性、干扰和衰减特性,以及低压电力线网络拓扑结构的复杂性和实时性,指出低压电力线通信网络的组网功能和组网要求。分析现有的调制解调芯片在三相电网的某一相上,采用同频率的半双工通信,所以在这种方式下,即使采用上述较为先进的分布式组网和动态分簇路由算法时,MAC层的协调和控制机制非常复杂,导致组网时间过长。建立低压电力线全双工通信系统模型,为后续的工作提供依据。
然后,低压电力线全双工通信网络采用基于IP组网方法能够使同一台变下、同一相线上、以及能够可靠通信的低压电力线通信节点,构成一个IP子网。不能可靠通信的节点,分属于不同的子网,依靠子网之间的网关节点通信。两个子网之间的网关节点是由多个节点构成的网关簇,达到可靠通信的目的。同时通过制定合适的重路由算法就可使全双工通信方式在保证低压电力线通信网络的稳定性及通信抗毁性要好于传统星形网络拓扑,并基于OPNET平台搭建网络通信模型进行验证。
最后,分析低压电力线通信网络的网络性能,考虑低压电力线用户终端工作方式有半双工和全双工的区别,导致电力线信道资源利用上一个属于单信道,另一个属于双信道。利用排队理论可知对应的网络性能模型一个是单服务器队列,另一个是双服务器队列。基于OPNET平台构建这两种排队网络模型,给出性能评价分析,通过验证可知低压电力线全双工通信网络的性能是最优的。
Low voltage power line communication is unique and future development prospect of the communication. At present chip domestic carrier demodulation technology goes hand in hand. There is no quality difference, but the performance difference is very big still. The key is to see how to deal with sending and receiving way. There is no bad modulation technology, only the implementation of the algorithm. Chip without the MAC layer due to the existing carrier function, need software to realize, and low communication rate and time-varying communication conditions, so the carrier check when listening to no node using the network, the actual carrier is other node mapping is online, but has not yet arrived or not to listen. These reasons lead to networking time is too long, if the network in addition to the beacon frame, there are other data frame, the problem becomes more complicated. According to the above problem, this paper proposes low-voltage power line full-duplex communication network model, to improve the efficiency of networking and communications.
First, this paper comprehensively expounds the transmission properties of low-voltage power line channel, interference and attenuation characteristics, and the complexity of the low-voltage power line network topology structure and real time, points out that the network function of low voltage power line communication network and network requirements. Points out that the existing modulation demodulation chip on one phase of three-phase power, using the same frequency half duplex communication, so in this way, even with the relatively advanced distributed networking and dynamic clustering routing algorithm, the MAC layer of the coordination and control mechanism is very complex, result in network time is too long. Low voltage power line full-duplex communication system model is to provide the basis for the follow-up study.
Then, low-voltage power line full-duplex communication network based on TCP/IP networking method can make the same phase and reliable communication by low voltage power line communication nodes constituting an IP subnet. Not reliable communication nodes and points belong to different subnets rely on communication subnet gateway between nodes. The gateway node between the two subnets are composed of multiple nodes gateway cluster, achieve the goal of reliable communication. At the same time by making appropriate routing algorithm can guarantee the stability of low-voltage power line communication network and make communication anti-destroying ability better than traditional star network topology and set up network communication model based on OPNET software simulation.
Finally, for the low voltage power line user terminal works with half-duplex and full-duplex difference, lead to resource use on a power line channel belong to single channel, another belongs to dual channel. Using queuing theory, the corresponding network performance model is a single server queue, the other one is double the server queue. Both queuing network model was constructed based on the OPNET platform, gives analysis to the performance evaluation, by verifying known of low-voltage power line full-duplex communication network performance is optimal.
首先,本文全面阐述了低压电力线信道的传输特性、干扰和衰减特性,以及低压电力线网络拓扑结构的复杂性和实时性,指出低压电力线通信网络的组网功能和组网要求。分析现有的调制解调芯片在三相电网的某一相上,采用同频率的半双工通信,所以在这种方式下,即使采用上述较为先进的分布式组网和动态分簇路由算法时,MAC层的协调和控制机制非常复杂,导致组网时间过长。建立低压电力线全双工通信系统模型,为后续的工作提供依据。
然后,低压电力线全双工通信网络采用基于IP组网方法能够使同一台变下、同一相线上、以及能够可靠通信的低压电力线通信节点,构成一个IP子网。不能可靠通信的节点,分属于不同的子网,依靠子网之间的网关节点通信。两个子网之间的网关节点是由多个节点构成的网关簇,达到可靠通信的目的。同时通过制定合适的重路由算法就可使全双工通信方式在保证低压电力线通信网络的稳定性及通信抗毁性要好于传统星形网络拓扑,并基于OPNET平台搭建网络通信模型进行验证。
最后,分析低压电力线通信网络的网络性能,考虑低压电力线用户终端工作方式有半双工和全双工的区别,导致电力线信道资源利用上一个属于单信道,另一个属于双信道。利用排队理论可知对应的网络性能模型一个是单服务器队列,另一个是双服务器队列。基于OPNET平台构建这两种排队网络模型,给出性能评价分析,通过验证可知低压电力线全双工通信网络的性能是最优的。
Low voltage power line communication is unique and future development prospect of the communication. At present chip domestic carrier demodulation technology goes hand in hand. There is no quality difference, but the performance difference is very big still. The key is to see how to deal with sending and receiving way. There is no bad modulation technology, only the implementation of the algorithm. Chip without the MAC layer due to the existing carrier function, need software to realize, and low communication rate and time-varying communication conditions, so the carrier check when listening to no node using the network, the actual carrier is other node mapping is online, but has not yet arrived or not to listen. These reasons lead to networking time is too long, if the network in addition to the beacon frame, there are other data frame, the problem becomes more complicated. According to the above problem, this paper proposes low-voltage power line full-duplex communication network model, to improve the efficiency of networking and communications.
First, this paper comprehensively expounds the transmission properties of low-voltage power line channel, interference and attenuation characteristics, and the complexity of the low-voltage power line network topology structure and real time, points out that the network function of low voltage power line communication network and network requirements. Points out that the existing modulation demodulation chip on one phase of three-phase power, using the same frequency half duplex communication, so in this way, even with the relatively advanced distributed networking and dynamic clustering routing algorithm, the MAC layer of the coordination and control mechanism is very complex, result in network time is too long. Low voltage power line full-duplex communication system model is to provide the basis for the follow-up study.
Then, low-voltage power line full-duplex communication network based on TCP/IP networking method can make the same phase and reliable communication by low voltage power line communication nodes constituting an IP subnet. Not reliable communication nodes and points belong to different subnets rely on communication subnet gateway between nodes. The gateway node between the two subnets are composed of multiple nodes gateway cluster, achieve the goal of reliable communication. At the same time by making appropriate routing algorithm can guarantee the stability of low-voltage power line communication network and make communication anti-destroying ability better than traditional star network topology and set up network communication model based on OPNET software simulation.
Finally, for the low voltage power line user terminal works with half-duplex and full-duplex difference, lead to resource use on a power line channel belong to single channel, another belongs to dual channel. Using queuing theory, the corresponding network performance model is a single server queue, the other one is double the server queue. Both queuing network model was constructed based on the OPNET platform, gives analysis to the performance evaluation, by verifying known of low-voltage power line full-duplex communication network performance is optimal.
引文
[1]洪利.低压电力载波网络介质访问控制与分簇路由协议研究[D].华东：中国石油大学.2010.
[2]高聪.面向对象技术的低压电力线OFDM系统仿真[J].电测与仪表.2009,46(528)：56-60.
[3]Yong-Hwa Kim, Member, IEEE, and Jong-Ho Lee. Comparison of Passband and Baseband Transmission Schemes for Power-Line Communication OFDM Systems[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011,26(4):2466-2475.
[4]陈让朱.低压配网载波通信的探讨[J].中国新技术新产品.2011,19：28.
[5]吕英杰,邹和平,赵兵.国内低压电力线载波通信应用现状分析[J].电网与清洁能源.2011,26(4)：33-36.
[6]Mauro Biagi, Senior Member, IEEE. MIMO Self-Interference Mitigation Effects onPower Line Relay Networks[J]. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS.2011,15(8):866-868.
[7]周冬鑫,金文光,容志能.基于分层的无线传感网络多跳分簇路由算法[J].传感技术学报.2011,24(1)：73-78.
[8]张道远,潘巨龙,徐展翼.一种改进的传感器网络分簇分层路由协议究[J].中国计量学院学报.2010,21(3)：241-245.
[9]袁辉勇,羊四清,李素君.无线传感器网络中基于分层的非均衡分簇算法[J].传感器与微系统.2010,29(2)：101-107.
[10]Wenqing Liu, Martin Sigle, and Klaus Dostert, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Channel Characterizaotin and System Verification for Narrowband Power Line Communication in Smart Grid Applications[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine.2011,12:28-35.
[11]Jaeyoung Shin, Jaehoon Lee, and Jichai Jeong, Senior Member, IEEE. Channel Modeling for Indoor Broadband Power-Line Communications Networks With Arbitrary Topologies by Taking Adjacent Nodes Into Account[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011,26(3):1432-1439.
[12]Petr Mlynek, Martin Koutny, Jiri Misurec. Multipath channel model of power lines[J]. Elektrorevue.2010,1(2):48-53.
[13]Francisco J. Canete, Jose A. Cortes, Luis Diez, and Jose T. Entrambasaguas, Universidad de Malaga. A Channel Model Proposal forIndoor Power Line Communications[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine.2011,12:166-174.
[14]Linyu Wang, Gustavo Avolio, Geert Deconinck, Senior Member, IEEE, and Emmanuel Van Lil, Senior Member, IEEE. Transfer Characteristics Modeling of Four-Conductor Cables in Power-Line Communications[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011, 26(3):2026-2033.
[15]Fabio Versolatto, Student Member, IEEE, and Andrea M. Tonello, Member, IEEE. An MTL Theory Approach for the Simulation of MIMO Power-Line Communication Channels[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011,26(3):1710-1717.
[16]吴军基,郭吴坤,孟绍良.电力线通信信道背景噪声建模研究[J].2011,39(23)：6-10.
[17]郭吴坤.吴军基,陆娴.电力线通信信道噪声模型研究现状[J].2011.32(226)：1-3.
[18]丁冠军,刘岩,王凯,田琪.低压电力线通信技术综述[J].电子科技.2011,24(11)：31-35.
[19]Joaquin Granado, Antonio Torralba, and Jorge Chavez. Using Broadband Power Line Communications in Non-Conventional Applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.2011,57(3):1092-1098.
[20]李丰,田海亭,王思彤.低压电力线窄带载波通信信道阻抗与衰减特性的现场测量及分析[J].电测与仪表.2011,48(547)：90-96.
[21]甄翔宇,杨庆庆,周晓方.室内低压电力线信道噪声分析与建模[J].电路与系统学报.2011,16(4)：58-62.
[22]卡塞勒著；刘斌等译.电力线通信技术与实践[M].机械工业出版社.
[23]Antonio Cataliotti, Member, IEEE, Dario Di Cara, Riccardo Fiorelli, and Giovanni Tine, Member, IEEE. Power-Line Communication in Medium-Voltage System:Simulation Model andOnfield Experimental Tests[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2012, 27(1):62-69.
[24]Xiao Juan Zhang, Yi Gong, Senior Member, IEEE, and Khaled Ben Letaief, Fellow, IEEE. Power Control and Channel Training for MIMO Channels:A DMT Perspective[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.2011,10(7):2080-2089.
[25]Md. Mustafizur Rahman, Choong Seon Hong, and Sungwon Lee, Kyung Hee University. Medium Access Control for Power Line Communications:An Overview of the IEEE 1901 and ITU-T G.hn Standards[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine.2011:183-191.
[26]梅杨,宗群.基于节点相关度的电力线载波通信路由算法[J].2010,30(3)：95-97.
[27]张良.新型电力线载波通信组网模型的研究[D],哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学.2010.
[28]Marc Kuhn, Stefan Berger, Ingmar Hammerstrom, and Armin Wittneben. Power Line Enhanced Cooperative Wireless Communications[J]. IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS.2006,24(7):1401-1410.
[29]戚佳金.低压配电网电力线载波通信动态组网方法研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[30]刘柱,汪晓岩,蔡世龙.低压电力线载波通信组网方法[J].电力系统通信.2009,30(26)：17-20.
[31]张建，张志琦,孔维娜.电力线载波通信方式的比较[J].产品与技术.2011,1：60-62.
[32]吕玄兵.低压电力线载波通信组网的研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[33]熊辉.低压电力线网络通信协议及路由算法研究[D].兰州：兰州大学,2012.
[34]Oda, R.Ohta, T.Kakuda, Y. An Autonomous Clustering-Based Hierarchical Routing Using Decentralized Route Information Management Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks[C]. 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops2008.2008. 569-574.
[35]刘晓胜,张良,周岩.低压电力线载波通信新型组网模型性能分析[J].电工技术学报.2012,27(11)：271-277.
[36]Liu Xiao-sheng, Zhang Liang, ZHOU Yan, and Xu Dian-guo. Performance Analysis of Power Line Communication Network Model Based on Spider Web[C].8th International Conference on Power Electronics-ECCE Asia,2011, The Shilla Jeju, Korea,953-959.
[37]郭中华,史浩山,王庆文.一种用于无线AdHoc网络性能评估的排队模型[J].西北工业大 学学报.2010,28(4)：564-569.
[38]高嵩OPNET Modeler仿真建模大解密[M].电子工业出版社.
[39]贾小娇,方红雨.基于OPNET的M/M/m队列仿真[J].通信技术.2008,12(41)：183-185.
[2]高聪.面向对象技术的低压电力线OFDM系统仿真[J].电测与仪表.2009,46(528)：56-60.
[3]Yong-Hwa Kim, Member, IEEE, and Jong-Ho Lee. Comparison of Passband and Baseband Transmission Schemes for Power-Line Communication OFDM Systems[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011,26(4):2466-2475.
[4]陈让朱.低压配网载波通信的探讨[J].中国新技术新产品.2011,19：28.
[5]吕英杰,邹和平,赵兵.国内低压电力线载波通信应用现状分析[J].电网与清洁能源.2011,26(4)：33-36.
[6]Mauro Biagi, Senior Member, IEEE. MIMO Self-Interference Mitigation Effects onPower Line Relay Networks[J]. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS.2011,15(8):866-868.
[7]周冬鑫,金文光,容志能.基于分层的无线传感网络多跳分簇路由算法[J].传感技术学报.2011,24(1)：73-78.
[8]张道远,潘巨龙,徐展翼.一种改进的传感器网络分簇分层路由协议究[J].中国计量学院学报.2010,21(3)：241-245.
[9]袁辉勇,羊四清,李素君.无线传感器网络中基于分层的非均衡分簇算法[J].传感器与微系统.2010,29(2)：101-107.
[10]Wenqing Liu, Martin Sigle, and Klaus Dostert, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Channel Characterizaotin and System Verification for Narrowband Power Line Communication in Smart Grid Applications[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine.2011,12:28-35.
[11]Jaeyoung Shin, Jaehoon Lee, and Jichai Jeong, Senior Member, IEEE. Channel Modeling for Indoor Broadband Power-Line Communications Networks With Arbitrary Topologies by Taking Adjacent Nodes Into Account[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011,26(3):1432-1439.
[12]Petr Mlynek, Martin Koutny, Jiri Misurec. Multipath channel model of power lines[J]. Elektrorevue.2010,1(2):48-53.
[13]Francisco J. Canete, Jose A. Cortes, Luis Diez, and Jose T. Entrambasaguas, Universidad de Malaga. A Channel Model Proposal forIndoor Power Line Communications[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine.2011,12:166-174.
[14]Linyu Wang, Gustavo Avolio, Geert Deconinck, Senior Member, IEEE, and Emmanuel Van Lil, Senior Member, IEEE. Transfer Characteristics Modeling of Four-Conductor Cables in Power-Line Communications[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011, 26(3):2026-2033.
[15]Fabio Versolatto, Student Member, IEEE, and Andrea M. Tonello, Member, IEEE. An MTL Theory Approach for the Simulation of MIMO Power-Line Communication Channels[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2011,26(3):1710-1717.
[16]吴军基,郭吴坤,孟绍良.电力线通信信道背景噪声建模研究[J].2011,39(23)：6-10.
[17]郭吴坤.吴军基,陆娴.电力线通信信道噪声模型研究现状[J].2011.32(226)：1-3.
[18]丁冠军,刘岩,王凯,田琪.低压电力线通信技术综述[J].电子科技.2011,24(11)：31-35.
[19]Joaquin Granado, Antonio Torralba, and Jorge Chavez. Using Broadband Power Line Communications in Non-Conventional Applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.2011,57(3):1092-1098.
[20]李丰,田海亭,王思彤.低压电力线窄带载波通信信道阻抗与衰减特性的现场测量及分析[J].电测与仪表.2011,48(547)：90-96.
[21]甄翔宇,杨庆庆,周晓方.室内低压电力线信道噪声分析与建模[J].电路与系统学报.2011,16(4)：58-62.
[22]卡塞勒著；刘斌等译.电力线通信技术与实践[M].机械工业出版社.
[23]Antonio Cataliotti, Member, IEEE, Dario Di Cara, Riccardo Fiorelli, and Giovanni Tine, Member, IEEE. Power-Line Communication in Medium-Voltage System:Simulation Model andOnfield Experimental Tests[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY.2012, 27(1):62-69.
[24]Xiao Juan Zhang, Yi Gong, Senior Member, IEEE, and Khaled Ben Letaief, Fellow, IEEE. Power Control and Channel Training for MIMO Channels:A DMT Perspective[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.2011,10(7):2080-2089.
[25]Md. Mustafizur Rahman, Choong Seon Hong, and Sungwon Lee, Kyung Hee University. Medium Access Control for Power Line Communications:An Overview of the IEEE 1901 and ITU-T G.hn Standards[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine.2011:183-191.
[26]梅杨,宗群.基于节点相关度的电力线载波通信路由算法[J].2010,30(3)：95-97.
[27]张良.新型电力线载波通信组网模型的研究[D],哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学.2010.
[28]Marc Kuhn, Stefan Berger, Ingmar Hammerstrom, and Armin Wittneben. Power Line Enhanced Cooperative Wireless Communications[J]. IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS.2006,24(7):1401-1410.
[29]戚佳金.低压配电网电力线载波通信动态组网方法研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[30]刘柱,汪晓岩,蔡世龙.低压电力线载波通信组网方法[J].电力系统通信.2009,30(26)：17-20.
[31]张建，张志琦,孔维娜.电力线载波通信方式的比较[J].产品与技术.2011,1：60-62.
[32]吕玄兵.低压电力线载波通信组网的研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[33]熊辉.低压电力线网络通信协议及路由算法研究[D].兰州：兰州大学,2012.
[34]Oda, R.Ohta, T.Kakuda, Y. An Autonomous Clustering-Based Hierarchical Routing Using Decentralized Route Information Management Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks[C]. 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops2008.2008. 569-574.
[35]刘晓胜,张良,周岩.低压电力线载波通信新型组网模型性能分析[J].电工技术学报.2012,27(11)：271-277.
[36]Liu Xiao-sheng, Zhang Liang, ZHOU Yan, and Xu Dian-guo. Performance Analysis of Power Line Communication Network Model Based on Spider Web[C].8th International Conference on Power Electronics-ECCE Asia,2011, The Shilla Jeju, Korea,953-959.
[37]郭中华,史浩山,王庆文.一种用于无线AdHoc网络性能评估的排队模型[J].西北工业大 学学报.2010,28(4)：564-569.
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