基于Zigbee的矿井人员体征监测系统研究
摘要
随着我国经济建设的高速发展,对矿产资源的需求日益扩大,各地也加强了对矿产资源的开采。由于现有的矿井生产环境恶劣,通信技术手段落后,恶性事故时有发生,给矿井的安全生产和井下人员人身安全带来严重危害,因此有必要采用先进的技术手段对矿井环境和井下人员进行实时监测,以及时发现矿井中安全隐患,并能在发生安全事故后对救援工作起到辅助作业,给救援提供精确可靠的井下环境信息和井下人员位置和体征信息。作为一种全新的信息获取和处理技术,无线传感器网络具有低功耗、低成本、分布式和自组织等特性,非常适合于井下监控。本文将Zigbee无线传感器网络技术引入矿井管理,利用无线传感器网络对矿井环境及矿工生命体征进行监测。
本文在分析井下人员体征信息和环境信息检测需求的基础上,结合Zigbee无线传感器网络的特点,针对矿井巷道的特殊结构,提出了满足矿井人员体征检测需求的Zigbee网络拓扑结构和系统总体结构；并根据系统的总体结构,在分析现有Zigbee协议实现方法的基础上,利用CC243、MQ9和HK2000等设计了带环境监测功能的路由节点、便携式的井下人员体征信息采集节点和连接监控中心的汇聚节点；对监控中心的功能和需求进行了分析研究,利用SQLServer数据库设计了监控中心的监控软件。
经过测试,该系统工作稳定可靠,可以通过监控中心实时监控井下人员体征信息和位置信息,也可以通过路由节点和井下人员携带的环境监测传感器及时掌握井下的环境信息。因此,采用Zigbee网络实现井下人员体征检测和环境检测是可行的。
With the rapid development of economic, the demands of resource expanded, and the resource exploitation was forced spread of China. At the same time, the rough underground circumstances bring a great threat to physical and mental health of miners and safety production of mines. For the mine safety production and management, as well as the health of miners, it is necessary to monitor the underground environmental conditions and miners'vital signs. Bing a new information acquisition and processing technology, Zigbee has a lot good features of low power consumption, low cost, distributed and self-organization etc, which is very suitable for monitoring in mine. So we employed Zigbee to monitor the miners'vital signs and mine environments.
A monitoring system of vital signs was applied based on the analysis of demands of miner vital sign monitoring, the features of Zigbee and the structure of mine, especially on potable vital sign collect node,routing node and Sink node use CC2431,MQ9 and HK2000. Also analysis the function of monitoring center,and designd the software of control center based on SQLSever. t
The test proved that the system operated stably and reliably; the vital signs of miner and the information of mine circumstance can be monitored though control center. It indicates Zigbee is suitable for mine communication and monitoring.
本文在分析井下人员体征信息和环境信息检测需求的基础上,结合Zigbee无线传感器网络的特点,针对矿井巷道的特殊结构,提出了满足矿井人员体征检测需求的Zigbee网络拓扑结构和系统总体结构；并根据系统的总体结构,在分析现有Zigbee协议实现方法的基础上,利用CC243、MQ9和HK2000等设计了带环境监测功能的路由节点、便携式的井下人员体征信息采集节点和连接监控中心的汇聚节点；对监控中心的功能和需求进行了分析研究,利用SQLServer数据库设计了监控中心的监控软件。
经过测试,该系统工作稳定可靠,可以通过监控中心实时监控井下人员体征信息和位置信息,也可以通过路由节点和井下人员携带的环境监测传感器及时掌握井下的环境信息。因此,采用Zigbee网络实现井下人员体征检测和环境检测是可行的。
With the rapid development of economic, the demands of resource expanded, and the resource exploitation was forced spread of China. At the same time, the rough underground circumstances bring a great threat to physical and mental health of miners and safety production of mines. For the mine safety production and management, as well as the health of miners, it is necessary to monitor the underground environmental conditions and miners'vital signs. Bing a new information acquisition and processing technology, Zigbee has a lot good features of low power consumption, low cost, distributed and self-organization etc, which is very suitable for monitoring in mine. So we employed Zigbee to monitor the miners'vital signs and mine environments.
A monitoring system of vital signs was applied based on the analysis of demands of miner vital sign monitoring, the features of Zigbee and the structure of mine, especially on potable vital sign collect node,routing node and Sink node use CC2431,MQ9 and HK2000. Also analysis the function of monitoring center,and designd the software of control center based on SQLSever. t
The test proved that the system operated stably and reliably; the vital signs of miner and the information of mine circumstance can be monitored though control center. It indicates Zigbee is suitable for mine communication and monitoring.
引文
[1]彭刚,曹元大,孙利民.无线传感器网络节点定位机制的研究[J]计算机工程与应用,2004,(35),27-29.
[2]王春飞,石江宏.美军单兵生命体征监测系统中的无线传感网络[J]医疗卫生设备,2007,(11),34-39.
[3]X.Shen, Z.Wang, P.Jiang, R.Lin, Y.Sun. Connectivity and RSSI Based Localization Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks.2005 International Conference on Intelligent ComPuting, Lecture Notes on Computer Science. Vol.3645, p.578-587, Aug.2005.
[4]H.Chen, P.Deng, Y.Xu, and X.Li. A robust location algorithm with biased extended Kalman filtering of TDOA data for wireless sensor networks. In:Proceddings of International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing 2005,883-886.
[5]Stanislav Safaric, Kresimir Malaric. ZigBee wireless standard. Multimedia Signal Processing and Communications,48th International Symposium ELMAR-2006, June,2006, p259-262.
[6]G. J. Pottie. Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Information Theory Workshop,1998:139-140
[7]刘西青.论国内煤矿瓦斯监测监控系统现状与发展[J].山西焦煤科技,2006(3)：37-40
[8]中国未来20年技术预见研究组.中国未来20年技术预见研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.1：68-76
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[11]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.5：6,28-29,140-154
[12]唐勇,周明天,张欣.无线传感器网络路由协议研究进展[J].软件学报,2006,17(3)：410-421
[13]孙亭,杨永田,李立宏.无线传感器网络技术发展现状[J].电子技术应用,2006(6)：1-5
[14]宋亚辉,李风保,李在铭.无线传感器网络能效技术综述[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6)：1665-1666
[15]周贤伟,韦炜,覃伯平.无线传感器网络的时间同步算法研究[J].传感技术学报,2006(1)：20-25
[16]ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Specification, ZigBee Document 053474r06 Version 1.0, December 14th, 2004
[17]曹育红.矿井无线通信系统的频率选择[J].工矿自动化,2005(4)：38-40
[18]孙宇彤,赵文伟,蒋文辉. CDMA空中接口技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.10：37-39
[19]Carrie.Batson. DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer [EB/OL]. http://www.maxim-ic.com.cn/pdfserv/en/ds/DS18B20.pdf,2008-12-03/2009-03-02
[20]华科电子.医用传感器简介[EB/OL]. http://www.hfhuake.com/download/Sensors%20Introduction.pdf,2007-10-26/2009-03-03
[21]徐勇军等.无线传感器网络实验教程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007.8：15-18
[22]Haas ZJ, Halpern JY, LiL. Gossip-Based ad hoc routing[J]. In:Proc. of the IEEE INFOCOM. New York:IEEE Communications Society,2002,1707-1716
[23]Kulik J, Heinzelman WR, Balakrishnan H. Negotiation based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks[J]. Wireless Networks,2002,8(23):169-185
[24]Intanagonwiwat C, Govindan R, Estrin D, Heidemann J. Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking[J]. IEEE/ACM Trans. On Networking,2003,11(1):2-16
[25]Karp B, Kung H. GPSR:Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks[C]. In:Proc. of the 6th Annual Int'l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking. Boston:ACM Press,2000,243-254
[26]Niculescu D, Nath B. Trajectory based forwarding and its applications[C]. In:Proc. of the 9th Annual Int'l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking. San Diego:ACM Press,2003,260-272
[27]罗忠,无线体域网(WBAN)技术介绍(上)[J].中国多媒体通信,2007年第4期,pp.23-27
[28]KARAOGUZ J.High rate wireless personal area networks[J].IEEE Comm.Magazine,2001,39 (12): 96-102.
[20]IEEE.P802.15-04/0137r1-2004, DS-UWB physical layer submission to 802.15 task group 3a[S].2004.
[30]Natarajan A, Motani M, de Silva B, et al. Investigating network architectures for body sensor networks[C]//Proc of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE International Workshop on Systems and Networking Support for Healthcare and Assisted Living Environments(HealthNet 07). New York:ACM,2007: 19-24
[31]Yuce M R, Ng S W P, Myo N L, et al. A MICS band wireless body sensor network[C]//Proc of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Washington:IEEE,2007:2475-248
[32]Aziz O, Lo B, King R, et al. Pervasive body sensor network:An approach to monitoring the post-operative surgical patient[C]//Proc of the IEEE Int Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN 06).Washington:IEEE,2006:1-4
[33]Yun D, Kang J, Kim J E, et al. A body sensor network platform with two-level communications[C] //Proc of IEEE Int Symp on Consumer Electronics. Washington:IEEE,2007:1-6
[34]Natarajan A, Motani M, de Silva B, et al. Investigating network architectures for body sensor networks[C]//Proc of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE International Workshop on Systems and Networking Support for Healthcare and Assisted Living Environments(HealthNet 07). New York:ACM,2007: 19-24
[35]刘艳丽.基于人体环境的无线体域网网络结构研究[D].上海：上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.12：pp：11,9-10
[36]宫继兵,王睿等.体域网BSN的研究进展及面临的挑战[J].计算机研究与进展,2010,47(5)：737-753
[37]Chan C H, Poon C C Y, Wong R, et al. A hybrid body sensor network for continuous and long-term measurement of arterial blood pressure[C]//Proc of the 4th IEEE/EMBS Int Summer School and Symp on Medical Devices and Biosensors. Washington:IEEE,2007:121-123
[38]C.-Y. Chong. Sensor Networks:Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges [J].Proceedings of the IEEE, 2003(8):1247-1256
[39]G. J.Pottie. Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Information Theory Workshop,1998:139-140.
[40]高守玮,吴灿阳等,ZigBee技术实践教程[M],北京航天航空大学出版社,2009：6-7,8-11,14-17,43.
[41]王骥,沈玉利等。基于无线传感器网络的远程体域网研究[J].通信技术,2009.01(42)
[42]章银娥,涂小强WBAN关键技术与发展[J].电视技术,2010,04：pp：70-71.
[43]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J].软件学报,2003,14(10)：1717-1727
[44]陈冬冬.基于CC2431的无线传感器网络硬件节点设计[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文,2009,05：pp：4-5,12
[45]任绘棉.无线传感器网络可靠性应用及其关键技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006,6：pp：39
[46]付宁.基于ZigBee的无线音频传感器节点的设计与实现[D]北京：北京邮电大学硕士学位论文：2009.2：pp12
[2]王春飞,石江宏.美军单兵生命体征监测系统中的无线传感网络[J]医疗卫生设备,2007,(11),34-39.
[3]X.Shen, Z.Wang, P.Jiang, R.Lin, Y.Sun. Connectivity and RSSI Based Localization Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks.2005 International Conference on Intelligent ComPuting, Lecture Notes on Computer Science. Vol.3645, p.578-587, Aug.2005.
[4]H.Chen, P.Deng, Y.Xu, and X.Li. A robust location algorithm with biased extended Kalman filtering of TDOA data for wireless sensor networks. In:Proceddings of International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing 2005,883-886.
[5]Stanislav Safaric, Kresimir Malaric. ZigBee wireless standard. Multimedia Signal Processing and Communications,48th International Symposium ELMAR-2006, June,2006, p259-262.
[6]G. J. Pottie. Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Information Theory Workshop,1998:139-140
[7]刘西青.论国内煤矿瓦斯监测监控系统现状与发展[J].山西焦煤科技,2006(3)：37-40
[8]中国未来20年技术预见研究组.中国未来20年技术预见研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.1：68-76
[9]国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htm,2006-02-09/2009-01-13
[10]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J].软件学报,2003,14(10)：1717-1727
[11]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.5：6,28-29,140-154
[12]唐勇,周明天,张欣.无线传感器网络路由协议研究进展[J].软件学报,2006,17(3)：410-421
[13]孙亭,杨永田,李立宏.无线传感器网络技术发展现状[J].电子技术应用,2006(6)：1-5
[14]宋亚辉,李风保,李在铭.无线传感器网络能效技术综述[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6)：1665-1666
[15]周贤伟,韦炜,覃伯平.无线传感器网络的时间同步算法研究[J].传感技术学报,2006(1)：20-25
[16]ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Specification, ZigBee Document 053474r06 Version 1.0, December 14th, 2004
[17]曹育红.矿井无线通信系统的频率选择[J].工矿自动化,2005(4)：38-40
[18]孙宇彤,赵文伟,蒋文辉. CDMA空中接口技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.10：37-39
[19]Carrie.Batson. DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer [EB/OL]. http://www.maxim-ic.com.cn/pdfserv/en/ds/DS18B20.pdf,2008-12-03/2009-03-02
[20]华科电子.医用传感器简介[EB/OL]. http://www.hfhuake.com/download/Sensors%20Introduction.pdf,2007-10-26/2009-03-03
[21]徐勇军等.无线传感器网络实验教程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007.8：15-18
[22]Haas ZJ, Halpern JY, LiL. Gossip-Based ad hoc routing[J]. In:Proc. of the IEEE INFOCOM. New York:IEEE Communications Society,2002,1707-1716
[23]Kulik J, Heinzelman WR, Balakrishnan H. Negotiation based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks[J]. Wireless Networks,2002,8(23):169-185
[24]Intanagonwiwat C, Govindan R, Estrin D, Heidemann J. Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking[J]. IEEE/ACM Trans. On Networking,2003,11(1):2-16
[25]Karp B, Kung H. GPSR:Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks[C]. In:Proc. of the 6th Annual Int'l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking. Boston:ACM Press,2000,243-254
[26]Niculescu D, Nath B. Trajectory based forwarding and its applications[C]. In:Proc. of the 9th Annual Int'l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking. San Diego:ACM Press,2003,260-272
[27]罗忠,无线体域网(WBAN)技术介绍(上)[J].中国多媒体通信,2007年第4期,pp.23-27
[28]KARAOGUZ J.High rate wireless personal area networks[J].IEEE Comm.Magazine,2001,39 (12): 96-102.
[20]IEEE.P802.15-04/0137r1-2004, DS-UWB physical layer submission to 802.15 task group 3a[S].2004.
[30]Natarajan A, Motani M, de Silva B, et al. Investigating network architectures for body sensor networks[C]//Proc of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE International Workshop on Systems and Networking Support for Healthcare and Assisted Living Environments(HealthNet 07). New York:ACM,2007: 19-24
[31]Yuce M R, Ng S W P, Myo N L, et al. A MICS band wireless body sensor network[C]//Proc of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Washington:IEEE,2007:2475-248
[32]Aziz O, Lo B, King R, et al. Pervasive body sensor network:An approach to monitoring the post-operative surgical patient[C]//Proc of the IEEE Int Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN 06).Washington:IEEE,2006:1-4
[33]Yun D, Kang J, Kim J E, et al. A body sensor network platform with two-level communications[C] //Proc of IEEE Int Symp on Consumer Electronics. Washington:IEEE,2007:1-6
[34]Natarajan A, Motani M, de Silva B, et al. Investigating network architectures for body sensor networks[C]//Proc of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE International Workshop on Systems and Networking Support for Healthcare and Assisted Living Environments(HealthNet 07). New York:ACM,2007: 19-24
[35]刘艳丽.基于人体环境的无线体域网网络结构研究[D].上海：上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.12：pp：11,9-10
[36]宫继兵,王睿等.体域网BSN的研究进展及面临的挑战[J].计算机研究与进展,2010,47(5)：737-753
[37]Chan C H, Poon C C Y, Wong R, et al. A hybrid body sensor network for continuous and long-term measurement of arterial blood pressure[C]//Proc of the 4th IEEE/EMBS Int Summer School and Symp on Medical Devices and Biosensors. Washington:IEEE,2007:121-123
[38]C.-Y. Chong. Sensor Networks:Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges [J].Proceedings of the IEEE, 2003(8):1247-1256
[39]G. J.Pottie. Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Information Theory Workshop,1998:139-140.
[40]高守玮,吴灿阳等,ZigBee技术实践教程[M],北京航天航空大学出版社,2009：6-7,8-11,14-17,43.
[41]王骥,沈玉利等。基于无线传感器网络的远程体域网研究[J].通信技术,2009.01(42)
[42]章银娥,涂小强WBAN关键技术与发展[J].电视技术,2010,04：pp：70-71.
[43]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J].软件学报,2003,14(10)：1717-1727
[44]陈冬冬.基于CC2431的无线传感器网络硬件节点设计[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文,2009,05：pp：4-5,12
[45]任绘棉.无线传感器网络可靠性应用及其关键技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006,6：pp：39
[46]付宁.基于ZigBee的无线音频传感器节点的设计与实现[D]北京：北京邮电大学硕士学位论文：2009.2：pp12